Tool Physical Measurement Use Comments

Logging conditions
Temperature (BHT) Temperature Borehole temperature for Corrected with Horner plot
resistivity calculations. Incorporated in RFT
Pressure (PRESS) Fluid pressure Fluid pressure for formation Available in 2, 4, or multiarm
volume factor calculations. versions.
Data quality, in situ stress tensor,
Caliper (CAL) Borehole diameter lithology and permeability
indicator
Lithology
Gamma Ray (GR) Natural radioactivity of Shale indicator and depth Can read through casing.
the formation. matching
Spontaneous Sand/shale interface Permeable beds Does not work in conductive
Potential (SP) potential. Resistivity of formation water muds, or offshore.
Porosity
Sonic (BHC, LSS) Velocity of an elastic Effective (connected) porosity Compaction, gas and vugs,
wave in the formation. Total porosity calibration of seismic data.
Density (FDC, Bulk density of the Total porosity (shale increases Used to calculate synthetic
LDT) formation. measured porosity, gas reduces seismograms.
Neutron (SNP, Hydrogen measured porosity) Can read through casing.
CNL) concentration
in the formation.
Gamma ray log correction chart for a 3.75 inch tool in an 8 inch
hole with a KCl-free drilling mud with a mud weight of rf g/cm3
as a function of borehole diameter (courtesy of Reeves Wireline
Ltd.).
 Quick Look Evaluation - Lithology
Density / Neutron Combinations
(Limestone compatible scale)
• Water-filled sands
Density / Neutron Combinations
 Density left of neutron porosity

• Oil-filled sands
 Density slightly lower than in water
 Neutron slightly lower than in water

• Gas-filled sands
 Density read lower than oil/water
 Neutron porosity low (low HI)

• Shale
 High neutron porosity (bound water)
 Slightly higher density than sands
 neutron plots left of density

• Calcites:
 high density, low neutron