Nty;]; tpj;ahyah rp.gp.v];.

, gs;sp

tFg;G 10 jkpo;

,ay;1

md;id nkhopNa (nra;As;)

-ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH

tpdhf;fs;

1.ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH Fwpg;G tiuf.

ngaH : ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH

,aw;ngaH : Jiu.khzpf;fk;

ngw;NwhH : Jiurhkp – FQ;rk;khs;

CH : Nryk; khtl;lj;jpYs;s rKj;jpuk;

,aw;wpa E}y;fs; : fdpr;rhW> nfha;ahf;fdp> ghtpaf;nfhj;J> E}whrphpak;>

jpUf;Fws; nka;g;nghUSiu> cyfpay; E}W> vz;Rit vz;gJ> kfGFtQ;rp>
gs;spg; gwitfs; Kjypad.

,jo;fs; : njd;rpl;L> jkpo;r;rpl;L

fhyk; : 10-03-1933 - 16.06.1995

2.jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuzq;fshfg; ghtyNuW Rl;Ltd

ahit?

 ,j;jid E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;Njhd;wpaJ vd;W tiuaWj;Jf; $w

,ayhj kpfj; njhd;ik tha;e;jJ> jkpo;. Kd;G jkpo;ehL> ,d;iwa
fd;dpahFkhp Kidf;Fk; njw;Nf ntFJ}uk; epyg;gug;gha; ,Ue;jJ.
  Fkhpf;fz;lk; vdg;gLk; mg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;j ,U jkpo;r;rq;fq;fshy;
jkpo; tsHr;rp ngw;wJ. mg;NghJ cyfnkhopfSf;nfy;yhk; Nguurpaha;
tpsq;fpaJ> jkpo;.
 %Nte;jHfSs; ghz;ba kd;dHfshy; mikf;fg;gl;l rq;fj;jhYk;>
Mjhpf;fg;gl;l jkpo;g;GytHfshYk; nropg;Gw;W Xq;fpaJ> jkpo;.
mjdhy;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif Nghd;w mhpa rq;f E}y;fs;
Njhd;wpd.
 rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fSk; gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F
E}y;fSk; Kfpo;e;jd.

,itNa jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtjw;F ghthzH Rl;Lk; fhuzq;fs; MFk;.

3. “kd;DQ; rpyk;Ng! kzpNkfiy tbNt!

Kd;Dk; epidthy; Kbjho tho;j;JtNk!” ,t;tbfspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s

fhg;gpaq;fisj; jtpu vQ;rpAs;s Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fspd; ngaHfis
vOJf.

rPtfrpe;jhkzp> tisahgjp> Fz;lyNfrp

(Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fspy; Nkw;fz;ltw;iw jtpu rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy

Mfpa ,ul;il fhg;gpaq;fs; ,t;tbfspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.)

4.Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id Kfpo;j;j eWq;fdpNa‟ vd;W ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH

tho;j;Jtjd; nghUs; ahJ?

 jkpopy; ekf;Ff; fpilj;jpUf;Fk; kpfTk; njhd;ikahd E}y;>

njhy;fhg;gpak;. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; fhyNk fp.K.Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;Lf;F
Kw;gl;lJ vd;why;> me;E}y; Njhd;wf; fhuzkha; ,Ue;j jkpo;nkhop
mjdpDk; njhd;ik tha;e;jJ vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F Kd;Ng gy ,yf;fz E}y;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wd.
  ,yf;fpaj;jpypUe;Nj ,yf;fzk; Njhd;WfpwJ. Mjyhy;> me;j
,yf;fzq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;Ng jkpo;> ,yf;fpa tsKila
nkhopaha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
 mjdhy; jkpo;> vd;W Njhd;wpats; vd;W czu Kbahj goik
tha;e;jJ vd;gij> Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id Kfpo;j;j eWq;fdpNa
vd;Dk; njhlH%yk; czHj;JfpwhH> ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH.

5.nre;jh kiuj;Njidf; Fbj;Jr; rpwfhHe;j

me;Jk;gp ghLk; mJNghy; - ,lk; Rl;b tpsf;Ff.

,lk; : ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; „md;id nkhopNa‟ vDk; ghlypy; ,lk;

ngw;Ws;s mb ,J. nrg;ghpa epd; ngUikfisf; $wpagpd;> “nre;jhkiuj;
Njidf; Fbj;Jr; rpwfhHe;j me;Jk;gp ghLk;. mJNghy;” jhKk; ghl
tpiotjha;g; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH $WfpwhH.

tpsf;fk; : jdpj;J ,aq; ff; $ba jkpNo! Kd;dhspy; eP nfhz;bUe;j

jdpg;GfOk;> me;ehspy; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> mt;tg;NghJ vjpHnfhz;l
jhf;Fjy;fis Kwpabj;J eP epiyj;J epw;gJTk;> Ntw;WnkhopahsH
cd;idg;gw;wp tpae;J $wpa Gfo;nkhopfSk; vd; czHTfisj; J}z;b
vOr;rpAwr; nra;fpd;wd. vd; cs;sj;jpy; ngUik vDk; fdy; fdd;W
vor;nra;fpd;wd.

“mjdhy;> nre;epwq;nfhz;l jhkiug;G+tpy; cs;s Njidg; gUfptpl;L>

mofpa rpwif tphpj;Jg; gwe;J gz;zpirf;Fk; tz;bidg; Nghy ehq;fSk;
ck; Gfio Kof;fpg; gug;gpl Kd;te;Njhk;” vd;fpwhH> ngUQ;rpj;jpudhH.

6.md;id nkhopNa vd;Dk; ghlypd; fUj;ij RUf;fp vOJf.

jkpod;id gw;wpa tho;j;J:

 jkpo;nkhopia md;id nkhopahfTk;> nre;jkpohfTk;> ew;fdpahfTk;>

kz;Zyfg; NguurhfTk;> ghz;badpd; kfshfTk;> jpUf;Fwspd;
ngUikf;FhpatshfTk;> xg;Gikg;gLj;jp fhl;bAs;shH.
  jpUf;Fws;> gj;Jg;ghl;L>vl;Lj;njhif> gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F>
rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy Mfpa E}y;fspd; %yk; vOk;
epidTfshy; jiygzpe;J tho;j;JfpwhH.

ghtyNuWtpd; jkpo; gw;WzHT:

 nrOikkpf;f jkpo; vkf;FapH> gok; ngUikAk; jdf;nfdj;

jdpr;rpwg;Gk; ,yf;fpa tsKk; nfhz;l jkpo;> tpaf;fj;jf;f jkpopd;
ngUikia Ntw;WnkhopahH ciuj;j GfOiu ghtyNuWf;Fg;
gw;WzHit vOg;Gfpd;wd.
 tz;lhdJ nre;jhkiuj; Njidf; Fbj;Jr; rpwfirj;Jg; ghLtJ
Nghd;W ghtyNuW jkpior; Ritj;J> mtuJ cs;sj;jpy; fdy; %s
jkpopd; ngUikia vq;Fk; Koq;Ffpd;whH.

7.vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fisg; ngaHfhuzj;Jld; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

“ew;wpiz ey;y FWe;njhif Iq;FE}W

Xj;j gjpw;Wg;gj;J Xq;F ghpghly;

fw;whpe;jhH Vj;Jk; fypNahL mfk;Gwk; vd;W

,j;jpwj;j vl;Lj; njhifNa”

ew;wpiz : ey;ñjpiz. ey; - milnkhop. jpiz – xOf;fk;. ,e;E}y; 9mb

Kjy; 12 mb tiu mike;J 400 ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ.

,e;E}iyj; njhFj;jtH ahnudj; njhpatpy;iy. njhFg;gpj;jtH gd;dhL

je;j khwd; tOjp

FWe;njhif : Fiwe;j mbfs; nfhz;l ghly;fspd; njhFg;ghf ,Ug;gjhy;

,J FWe;njhif vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ. Mjyhy;> ,J ey;y FWe;njhif
vd rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Iq;FWE}W : Ie;JñFWikñE}W®Iq;FE}W. FwpQ;rp> kUjk; nea;jy;>ghiy>
Ky;iy vd Itifj;jpiz Fwpj;j FWfpa E}WE}W ghl;Lfshy;
njhFf;fg;gl;l E}y; ,J.

3 mb rpw;nwy;iyAk; 6 mb Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;lJ.

gjpw;Wg;gj;J : ,e;E}y; Nru murHfs; gjpd;kiug; gw;wpg; ngUk;GytH

gjpd;kuhy; ghlg;gl;l gj;Jg; ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ. Mjypd;> ,J
gjpw;Wg;gj;J vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ.

ghpg;ghly; :ehd;F ghtpd; cWg;GfSk; nfhz;l ghly;. 25 Kjy; 400 mbfs;

tiu ,Uf;Fk;

fypj;njhif : fyp vd;gJ ehy;tifg; ghf;fSs; xd;whfpa fypg;ghitf;

Fwpf;Fk;. fypg;ghf;fshy; ghlg;gl;l mfg;nghUs; ghly;fisj; njhFj;j
mike;j E}y;. Mjypd; ,J fypj;njhif vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ.

mfehD}W : mfk;ñehd;FñE}W. mfg;nghUs; rk;ge;jkhd ehD}W

ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;. Mjypd;> ,/J mfehD}W vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ.

GwehD}W : Gwk;ñehd;FñE}W. Gwg;nghUs;fisg; gw;wpa ehD}W

ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y;. Mjypd;> ,J GwehD}W vd;Dk; ngaH ngw;wJ.

neLtpdh

1.kNdhd;;kzPak; Re;judhhpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;Jg;ghliyAk;>

ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;Jg;ghliyAk; xg;gpl;L vOJf.

ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; kNdhd;kzPak; Re;judhh;

 Fkhpf;fz;lj;jpy; murhSk;  Fkhpf;fz;l epyg;ngz;Nz!
NguuNr.  Xyp epiwe;j flnyDk; Mil
 ghz;badpd; kfsha; cLj;jpatNs. moF epiwe;j
tPww
; pUf;Fk; nkhopNa. Kfkha;j; jpfo;gtNs.
  md;id nkhopNa mofha;  mk;Kfj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd gpiw
mike;j nrOe;jkpNo. Nghd;w
 goikf;Fk; goikaha;j; new;wpiaAilatNs!(jpuhtplHf
Njhd;wpa eWq;fdpNa. spd; njd;dhL Nghd;W)
jkpj;jkpNo.  me;j new;wpapy; kzk; tPRk;
 eP vkf;FapNu vd;fpwhH – jpyfkha; ,Ug;gtNs.
ghtyH.  cd;id tho;j;JNthNk!
vd;fpwhH – kNdhd;kzPak;.

Gfo;: Gfo;:
 jpUf;Fwspd;  vy;yhj; jpirfspYk; Gfo;
ngUikf;FhpatNs kzf;Fk;gb ,Ug;gtNs.
 jdpr;rpwg;Gila ,yf;fpa  ngUik kpf;ftNs.
tsk; nfhz;l jkpNo.  vd;Wk; ,sikahf ,Ug;gtNs.
 Gj;Jg;ghl;L>vl;Lj;njhifNa>  rpwg;ghd cd; jpwikia
gjpndz;fPo;fzf;Nf> epiyj;j tpae;J cd; tag;gl;L
rpyg;gjpfhuNk> mofhd epw;fpNwhk;.
kzpNkfiyNa.
 vq;fs; nray;fis kwe;J
 Ntw;W ehl;lhH cd;idg; gw;wp cd;id tho;j;JNthNk vd;W
ciuj;j GfOiufs; vkf;Fs; kNdhd;kzPak; $WfpwhH.
gw;Wjiy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
 tz;lhdJ Njidf; Fbj;J
rpwfirj;Jg; ghLtJ Nghd;W
cd; ngUikia vq;Fk;
Koq;Ffpd;Nwhk; vd;fpwhH
ghtyH.
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G

nre;jkpo;> eWq;fdpNa> ,d;dWk;gh - gz;Gj;njhiffs;

nre;jhkiu> ew;fzf;F – gz;Gj;njhiffs;

njd;dd; kfs; - ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif

tho;j;Jtk;> Ke;Jw;Nwhk; - jd;ikg;gd;ik tpidKw;Wfs;

Kfpo;j;j ,yf;fpak; - nganur;rk;

cs;sf;fdy; - Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif

GzHr;rp tpjp

ve;jkpo; - vk;ñjkpo;
„kt;tPW td;ikf;F ,dkha;j; jphpgTk;‟ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhop <w;W
kfunka;(k;) tUnkhop ty;ypdj;jpw;F(j;) ,dkhd nky;ypdkha;j;(e;) jphpe;J
GzHe;jJ.

nre;jkpo; - nrk;ikñjkpo;

„<WNghjy;‟ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb „ik‟ tpFjp nfl;L> „nrk;ñjkpo;‟ vd;whdJ.

gpd;> „kt;tPW td;ikf;F ,dkhfj; jphpgTk;‟ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhop

<w;W „k‟fuk;> tUnkhop Kjy; ty;ypdj;jpw;F(j;) ,dkhd nky;ypdkha;j;(e;)
jphpe;J> nre;jkpo; vd;whdJ.

ew;fzf;F – ed;ikñfzf;F

„<WNghjy;‟ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb epiynkhop <w;W „ik‟ tpFjp nfl;L>

„ed;ñfzf;F‟ vd;whdJ.

gpd;> “zdty; ypdk;tul; lwTk;” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhop <w;W „d‟fu

nka; „w‟fu nka;aha;j; jphpe;J> „ed;ñfzf;F – ew;fzf;F‟ vd;whdJ.

vz;njhif – vl;Lñnjhif

“vl;ld; clk;Gzt; thFk;” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopNahL GzUk; NghJ

epiynkhop <w;W capHnka;(L) nfl ,ilepd;w „l;‟ vd;Dk; nka;naOj;J
„z;‟ vdj; jphpe;J> „vz;ñnjhif – vz;njhif‟ vd MdJ.

cs;SapH – cs;ñcapH

„jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; capHthpd; xw;W ,ul;Lk;‟ vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhop

Kjypy; capH(c) te;jhy;> epiynkhop <w;W xw;W(s;) ,ul;bj;J (s;s;)
„cs;s;ñcapH‟ vd;whdJ. Gpd;> „cly;Nky; capHte; njhd;WtJ ,ay;Ng‟
vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhop <w;W nka;Ak; (s;) tUnkhop Kjy; capUk;
(c) GzHe;J (s;ñc-S) „cs;SapH‟ vd;whdJ.
gFgjk;

tho;j;Jtk; - tho;j;J ñ t; ñ mk;

tho; - gFjp

t; - vjpHfhy ,ilepiy

mk; - jd;ikg;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp