SAT MATH

Linear Equations
Formulas

Yinter Equation
y I'slope
Ex y
4
i
f
2x to
l OR f 2x
O

Ya Yi m
Ex Line A has two points 1101,1213
Xa Xi Find slope
3 0 3 m
2
m
J Y _MIX Xi
Ex
Line F hasslope of
and Point
Becomes Findequation of F
y mxtb
Xi Yi f given point Y 0 31 1

Y 3 X 3 Eg of line F

Parallel Lines Perpendicular Lines Key Linear Equation Ideas

Same slope aRecipricoltOppositeslopes Nosolution Parallel lines
Different y intercept y int doesNotmatter onesolution Perpendicular

Nosolution betweentwolines Forms900Angle intersecting lines

means they're Parallel Perpendicular mostcommon
NO solutions_Parallel Y 2 1 notinfinitelymanysolutions
lines Yes
y 12 1 means exactlysame linear Equation
for
ex parallel
Parana 1 3 1 Bothlines
Y 2 3
Yes nm y 13 1 ex line A y 2xt1
Y 2x g Reciprico and opposite line B Y 2 1
M LineA Line B
1 2 5
NO NO ME tmi T
y dg 5 solution
y Forever
1 solutionF Intersecting
 Linear Eg continued Triangles and Angles
900 Vertical Angles
Systems of linear Equations y 3600
a
Scaleequations to Match 1800 bed
a coefficient a C
t or G two equations soonly b d
1 variable is Left 3600
Solvefor that variable At b te t D 360
to
Plugthat variable back in
solve for theother 3600
A Isosceles A
Ex
1800 l I
3g t 2x 4
Ly t x 8 I 1
What do x and y equal Right Triangle

1 Scaleequations 39124 4 a
2,1 4g
2,329,1
4yt2x 16 DQPR
4
3yt2x 4 7 900
2 Subtract two equations fly 2 46 P R
y 12 Ex 1
X
X 600
3 y 12 y 12
4 21121 t x _8 if f Xt 60 180 X1200

Ex 2
ANSWER X 16 y 12 u
800 X
I z
Xo za
1800 800 1000
Ifoscaes D
1000
500
2
X 2 500
Deriving Linear Equations1Relations
1 Youmayhaveto derive Lin Eq and relations
from Word Problems

Ex
Square tents hold 2 people each, and triangle tents hold 4 people each. If a total of
100 tents were brought to the camp, and there are 400 campers, how many 4 people
tents were used considering every person slept in a tent that night?

Define
Variables
2PMtents units
Alwaysthink of
1 Set Equations Let x
Y 4pmtents What is the relation showing
f
X tents t y tents 100 tents keep units
2x PPI t 4gppl 400ppl constant

2 Solve in terms of target variable

4PMtents y targets so you want Y in the
final equation
X 100 y
400 Linear Inequalities
21100 y t 4y
200 t 400 i Treat them as regular equations
2g 4y
2 Remember to flip the inequalitysignwhen
2yt4y 200
2Oo Multiplyingor dividing by a L I
2y
2 2 100 number
Flipped
Sign
this means 100 four peopletents Ex I
were used and 0 2 People tents
z zy XE
were used
z
Not flipped
100
y 2x z y X Yz
Exponents
In the SAT you have to break
down Problems andthink of fundamental Multiplying Exponents withsameBase
Properties b atb
Xa
8 23 25 2100 25100 2105

dome Dividing Exponents withsameBase

Numbers canbe rewritten a
2100 210088 X
64 43 288 2 X's
a b
X
Ex Power to Power
1
8 2 what does X
gap za
b
t
1
231 2 2314 23.4 212
13 same base so set µayb ab
23 2x exponents equal to each other

x12 251 Tx i Remember thisformat Concept why does52 if 2

3 3 X
0 52 2s
x13 352
2x 3 2h 21 21 I 21 2
3
2 x4b beta
Bases

Percents itemthat was 50 off

sadly bought an

Twomain calculations She had a coupon that made the item

after the discount 10 off more
1 Finding Original Value Thefinal price was 10.00 What wasthe
before discount applied I
original price
2 Finding Valueafter Final Value 11.1
discount
Price soiy.oo.iog
7 discounty

Ex An item is 70.00 If a Botthere'stwodiscounts

10 offcoupon is applied What's 11.11
the new Price to 22.22
d discount't y
70 I 10 70 o.q Gz
Exponential Growth 1 DecayProblems

Growth art Decay art Indicators of Growth

Y al I t r
t
y au ri't grows
increases

a initialamount Indicators ofDecay

Decays
r rate expressed as a converttodecimal
Decreases
X Number of times intervals have Passed

entialgrowth
Ex
Thenumber ofpeople in ModIsland is 1000 in2001
gexpon
Thenumber of people in ModIsland grows at a rateof
11 Peryear If t represents the ofyearsafter2001
how many people were in Mod Island in 2005

A 1000
r 1140 0.11
simplifytoget
412005 20011
f finalanswer
100011 0.111 100011.111
Eq y y

ComplexNumbers Isolating Quantities

Ex
I Find targetVariable
i p Express in terms of
p p
l
i Fiori I 2 get all termswith
target pts P
variable on oneside
is F1 TipTakeoutanydenominators
in i i l 1 1 3 Isolate target Variable
Division bymultiplication
QuickTip Factoring
FCP15 p 1 Multiply Denominator
Justrememberwhat
FPt SF P 1 Distribute
i equals Fromthere
use your properties of FP p i sp P terms
separate
exponents to derivethe andnon P terms
rest PLF 1 l SF Factorout P
TESTyourunderstanding
Pe l 5F Isolate P Done
F l
Variable Problems Equivalent ExpressionProblems

VERY IMPORTANTA
A LOT of SATProblems dealing withVariables can be solved the
non standard way Pick Valuesfor the variables Startwith variable 0 then
Variable 1

Choose wisely based on the question and the of Variables

One of the biggest SAT Tricks1Methods to MASTER

Always use your answer choices to help you solve the Problem
ASAP

Ex
7 15 is equivalent to what
2x 5 4 3 1

g Standard Approach The Fast Way

A 3
3 15
Long Division Set x o
B 10X 1Xs 7 15 KO t
21 5 1 X't3 Something Super 2 5 4 4 zeo scope1013 1
5
Complicated
C 7 15 A X o results in 0
2x t 3
B X o results in 0
D X t6 C x O results in 53 15

E None D X o results in 6 15
E None

Quicker Ex If at 9b 100 andb lo whatdoes a 7 at 9401 100

a to
Solvethe standard way
qr A A O 761 0 110
Use answer choices B a I 7 Ill 7 110
sometimes one way C A
to
74 1 10 10 Stophere
is better thantheother
D a s
 Q
Triangles and Angles continued If QR QN then
Whenever you see than this is an isosceles
something like
QIU think isosceles D
D
QR
R N
Ex
360
80 360 160 2000 Not drawn to
802 2 1 2000 1000 Scale
80 z
So 22 1000

whenever yousee complicated

find missing angle Problems

think back to the angle rules on

Previous Page

Similar Triangles X3
c
E
Ex c j
B
s
4 48 X
8 16
t r 14
3 C D G F
A r r
DACB D DFE 11 B A B
X3 7
33
To findmissingside solve
I find ratio betweensides sides matchup V
Of smaller D and larger D ratio 3
2 Apply 14.3 42 X 42
ratio
Special D to memorize
Ex
B E S 10
5 x 4 8
y 8
r r r
A 3 F 3 G
C D G
6 213 Ratio 2 B 17 g
g
g 214 2151 10 X lo r r
12 IS
Trigonometry sin
Opposite
Sin X Opposite
Hypotenuse
g gn 4g
NEW opposite
4 Hypotenuse
Adjacent
Cos x Hypotenuse x
3
tan x Opposite Sin x
Adjacent cosCx Cos

poof's 4 cosx afipafef.it s

adjacent

Whenever you see the problem X

in thegrid in section thatgoes like 3
Sin190 x 45 What doescos1 1 1
Just gridin the exact value given Special Rule
In this case thegivenvalue is415

Quadratics Ex No solutions never touches

x axis
2
b Eac This means b 4acLO
Za l
a
sumof solutions of a quadratic
b
a
Ex
5 4ac Discriminant Solutionsctowyghe.gs x axis

µ
Quadratichas no
5 4ac so This meansthatb2 4ac O
solutions
g g
Quadratichas ONE
b 4ac o solution What are the solutions
QuadratichasTWO I10 13,0
5 4ac 0 solutions 50 X 1,3
What are the roots
Common Phrases
I10 13,0
SO X 1,3
root Solution zero What are thezeros
Findthe roots Findthezeros I10 13,0
Findthesolutions 50 X 1,3
QuadraticsContinued
9 2 100
JEX
fremynfbf.gr
Quadratics are intheform
3 10113 110
AX't bx t C A al b at b la b
If A is negative Middle terms cancel 100 2 100
9nA's'ffoffsmogn firstand 6 110 101110 101
Mfffewnsnward
2 25 2 64
16 25 4 15114 5
5 8115 8
Here's
why
If a is positive
36 2 25
4 15114 5
footponwsard 16 2 25 6 5116 5
6 362 30 30
y 16 2 25
362 25
2

3621 25

Vertex Form e x 42 5
S e
x 412 t 5 e x 4 5
or a
center 415 7 opensdownward
14
Transformation
X 41 shift right 4
s Shift up 5

X 1312 l
Center l3 1 x x

Xt31 shift left 3

I shift down 1
a i c
Polynomial VertexForm b2
c s

X't 2 11 5 Xt112 1 5 1 11121 4 How Inthis

case

I Think What twoequal numbers willgive youthedesired ax'tb 1 2 4

2 let

2 Nowforthe t c lastterm 1.1 1 meaning a i Nowmultiply cby a andputthat

in front of Lax bx
Vertex Form Completing the Square Cont
To convert tovertex form You must completethesquare

Ex x't 6 10 a I
b G
c 10
Vertex Form
1 Think whattwoequal numbersadded
togethergiveyou bx Gx inthiscase
A Understanding the concept

Answer 313 6 Youcan manipulate an expression in

2 Convert Xt312 ANY sort of way as long as it is
equivalent to the original
Multiply theC Value
3 by a and
Put thatoutfront
X'tGe t 10 is 1 312 to
33 9 q I Oct

gf X't6 1 9 1 to
txt312 X't 6 1 19
y combine the expressions andsimplify This is whyyou
txt312 9 to Xt312t l t Eftm need Ci

5 Verify
1 31211 3 2
6 9ti s x't 6 110

Graphing Polynomials of AGood Practice

solutions
I write an expression polynomial in factoredform
degree I
2 Draw the corresponding graph
V BDEgnrecee2

qq.gg z viceversa Drawgraphfirstderiveequation

4 squiggle

Degree3
a
fossible
Equation
Expression x 3 X S
x 1 x 3 x SP what do I know
Quadratic degree 2
Why
solution at x 3,5
at X I
v Bounce at s idswanwaidsoino
55M
squiggle at X 5 iffy I
If 10 students take a test, and 9 / 10
students received an A+, but that one
student gets a D-, the average will be
brought down, while the median will
not.
Confidence Interval — A range of values that you can be a certain
percentage confident (ex: 95% confident) that the value of a parameter lies
within the range.
Exponents Extra

1 x
2 Whenever youhave a termwith a negative exponent
bymoving
2
it to the dominator the negativeexponent nowbecomes positive

X youhave a term with a negativeexponentbymoving

IX Whenever

it tothe numerator thenegative exponent now becomespositive

Problems such as these are very simple as

you are simply moving
the position of theterms with negative exponents

NOTE ONLY if a term is a part of a product can you move it NOT if

it is a part of a binomial or polynomial

WRONG
Ex CANNOT i CAN
2 2
I t x DO o 1 A It x Do y T
3 ty 3 yt X 3 ty 3 t g 1h42

Real SAT Problem

The expression X y Where x 1 and y 1 is equivalent to which ofthefollowing
Xby
To Solve 312

F Simplify X's andy's

y
A
352
C LF Xfx
1

2 Match numerator to choices y yry

B tr D Try
35 2 3 Match denominator
to choices x3 x x13
23f
X Tx
4 Choice D
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