Lecture 3

Trigonometric functions
Angles Angles can be measured in degrees or radians
abbreviated as rad

TL rad 1800
18 rad
1 rad 57.30 to 0.017rad

a
Facts The length of the arc is proportional
to the size of the
iq angle
Circumference of the circle is 2Ter

The central angle is 2x

0
Hence
f f Here 0 is measured in radians
I
a t0

the radius circle what angle

Example H
If of a is 5cm
is subtended by an arc of 6cm
2 If a circle has radius 3cm what is the length

of an arc subtended by a central angle

of ft rad
Solution

Positive Negative angles

 ay ay
termial
side initial side initial side
µ
O X O do x

terminal side

020 OEO

Remark Different angles can have the same terminal side

3
Eg Eat 41k have the same initial and
terminal sides since
411T 2K FTL 14Th 121T TL

and 21 rad represents a complete revolution

ay ay ay
t
qO
O O O
x x x

The trigonometric functions

y sine 1 Csc 0 4 f site
plan Aso It see aster
I 7
x tano Coto f Fano

Remark 117 Tano and Seco not defined when x O

Coto and csc0 not defined when

y o
the
If 0 is a number we assume unit

of 0 is radian
Trigonometric functions of important angles
0 rad sine osso tan

Oo O O I 0

300 It Iz Iz If
450 E E l
Goo E Iz E B
Goo I O

7 Trigonometric identities
a Fundamental identities
CSCO site Seco ITO
sine Gsb
tano ASO cot sing
tano
Sin20 1650
I t tank SECO It coffee CSCH
sinter sine cost b osso tanto ta.no
sin O ASO Css III O Sino
tant O Cote

lb Addition formulas

sincxty sinxcssytcs.sn
sinycsslxty1 cssxcosy
sinxsinytanCxty1
tanx any
l tanxtany
Ccl Subtraction formulas
Sin X y sinxossy Asx sing
 Css x y bsxossy t sinxsiny
tanx tany
tan x y
It
tanxtany
call Double angle formulas
sin 2x
zsinxcssx.GS
2x GTX Sin X 2bsZX I 2sinx

e Half angle formulas

2x f I css 2x Sinn f I Css 2x

ft Product formulas

sinxcssy zt sinlxtyitsincx
yigbsxcssg
zt bslxtyltcsslx.gl
sinx sing I wax y Ascxty

Example Find all values of X in the interval 10,2T

such that sinx sinzx
Solution

Graphs of the trigonometric functions

111 Sinx

Domain IR
Range E 1,13

lesinxel
Period Za

sinx O whenever X na n an integer

121 Asx
Domain IR
Range E 1,13

IE cosxel
Period Za

Note that cssx sincxt shifting the graph of sinx

by an amount Iz we get the graph of nsx

3 1 an X
Domain 9 1 Xt Ete k is odd Range C co co

Period TL

4 Coty tan E O tanto El

cot X

Domain fix I Xt ka k integer

Range C co co

Period TL

Ht cscx f sin
Domain fxlxt ka.be integer Range C o I u El D
period 21
6 Secx

Domain fxlxt ka.be integer

2
Range C o I u El 18
period 21

Example Find the exact trigonometric ratios for 0 It

Solution
Example If user I and 0202 find the other five

trigonometric functions of 0
Solution

Remark D You may use trigonometric identities to find

the value of the other five trigonometric
functions of 0

The signs of the trigonometric functions for

angles in each of the four quadrants can be

remembered by means
of
All Students Take Calculus
sine O Y all ratios O
S A
X
tane OT C GSO 0