CHICAGO STYLE GUIDE (17TH ED.

)
NOTES & BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLE
Th i s g ui d e d e scr i be s th e hu m a n it i es s ty l e ( n ot e s & b i bl i ogr ap hy) t ha t i s pref err ed by ma ny in t h e ar t s,
li t er a t ure , an d h is t or y . Th e “ a ut h or -d a te” s ty le is re serv ed f or t h e p hy si ca l , na t ura l an d so c ia l s c ie nc e s a n d
is n o t cov ere d by th i s g u id e .

Fo r m ore i nf orm a ti o n p l ea se r ef er to T he C h ic ag o M a nu al of S ty le ( C MO S) , l oc a te d be h in d th e l i brary

r efer e nc e de sk ( Re f Z2 5 3. U6 9 20 17) . F or f ur th er i nf orma t i on o n el e ctr o n i c s o ur ce d oc um en t at i o n , v is i t th e
C hi c ag o Ma n ua l of S ty le we bs i te: ww w .ch ic ag om an u alo f sty l e.o rg /to ol s _ cit ati on gu id e/ ci tati on -g u id e- 1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORMATTING GUIDELINES

F ON T, S P A CI NG , MA R GI NS , AL IG N MEN T , I N DEN T AT IO N , PAG E N UM BE RS 3

C OVE R PA GE 3
QU O TA TI O NS [ S H OR T AN D L O NG] 4
B I BLI O G RA P HY PA GE 5
HA NG I NG I ND E N T G UI DE 6

CREDITING SOURCES

W HA T R E Q UI RE S A F O O T NO TE 7
H O W DO E S A C IT A T I ON AP PEA R IN T HE T E X T 7
S H O RTE NI N G F O O TN O TE S W HEN CI T IN G A S O UR C E M O RE T H AN O N CE 8
H O W T O I NS E R T A F O O T NO TE IN W O R D O R G O O G LE D O CS 8

SOURCE TYPES

TW O AU T HO RS 9
T HRE E O R M O RE AU T H O R S 9
O RGA N I ZA TI O N OR G O VE RN ME NT AS AU T H O R 10
AUT H O R U NK NO W N 10
CLA S S I CA L PR I MA RY S O U R CES 11
S C RI P TU RAL RE FE RE N CE S 11
U.S . C ONS T IT UT I ON 11
S OU R CE QU O TE D IN AN O T HER SO UR CE 11
PE RS O NAL CO M MU NI C A TI O N 12
AUT H O R A N D E DI T O R OR TR ANS LA TO R 12
 TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED

PERIODICALS – ONLINE & PRINT

JO UR NAL AR T I CLE F OR M AT TI NG N O TES 13
JO UR NAL AR T I C LE – W IT H A D O I 13
JO UR NAL AR T I CLE – W IT H OU T A D O I 14
MA GA Z INE S O R NE W S PA PER – O NL IN E & PR I NT 14

BOOKS – ELECTRONIC & PRINT

B O OK F OR MA T TI N G N O T E S 15
O RD E R O F E LE ME NTS W H E N CI T IN G A B O OK 15
PR I NT B O OK 15
E LE C T RO N I C B OO K 16
AR TI CL E OR C H AP TE R I N AN E D ITE D C OL LE CT I ON 16
E NT RY I N A RE FE RE N CE B O OK – O NL INE & P R IN T 17

AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA
O RD E R O F E LE ME NTS F O R MUL TI ME D IA C I TAT I O NS 18
S TRE AM I NG V I DE O 18
FI LM / DV D 19
P OD C AS T 19

WEBSITES & SOCIAL MEDIA

WE BS I TE F O RM AT T IN G N OT ES 20
WE BP AGE W I T H A N AU T H OR 20
WE BP AGE – O R GA NI ZA T I ON AS A UT H O R O R N O A UT H OR 20
BL O GP OS T 21
LI B RA RY O F C ON GR E S S D IG I T AL C OL LE CT I ON 22

LINK TO A SAMPLE PAPER IN CHICAGO STYLE

Scan to be linked to a sample paper in Chicago Style

2
GENERAL FORMATTING GUIDELINES

Yo ur pr ofe ss or s wi l l exp ec t t o r e c eiv e pa p er s t h at ar e pr o per ly fo rma t te d. Un l es s o th erw i se r e q ue st e d by

y o ur pr of e ss or , u s e t h e fo ll o w in g g u id el i ne s wh en se t t in g u p a pa per i n C hi c ag o S ty le .

 On e i nc h m ar g i ns o n si d es , to p , an d bo t t om
 Ti me s N ew R om a n, 1 2 p t . f o nt
 D ou b le - sp a ce t he t ext (e xc ep t f or b lo ck q u ot es , f o ot n ot e s , a nd b ib l i ogr ap hy e n tr ie s) .
 Use a ½ in c h in de n t f or par agr ap h be g in n in gs , b l ock q u ot es , a nd h an gi n g i n de nt s .
 Lef t -a l ig n tex t so t h at i t ha s a r a gg ed r i gh t ed ge . D o no t u se ne w sp ap er j us t if ie d tex t .
 Num b er th e p ag e s i n t he t op r i gh t c orn er of t he he ad er be gi n ni ng w i th t he fir s t p ag e of t ext ( no t th e
ti t le p ag e ) . S om e pr of es sor s al s o li k e y o ur la s t n ame i n cl u de d wi t h th e p age n um ber .
 Rem ov e e xtr a sp a ci ng b et we en p ar a gra p hs .

COVER PAGE
S ho u ld y our p ap er r eq u i r e a t i tl e pa ge , us e th e f o ll o wi ng g ui de l i ne s.
1. The tit le should be centered one-thi rd of the way down the page in ALL CAP S.
2. If there is a sub -ti tle, end your t it le with a colon and enter the sub -title on a separate line .
3. Your name, class information , and the date should fol low several lines late r.
4. Double -space each line of the cover page.
5. Do not put a page number on the cover page .

NOT E : Whi le m os t f or m a l r e s ear c h p a per s r e q ui r e a t i tl e pa ge , no t a ll wr it i ng a ss ig nm en t s m ake us e of

th em . Wh e n i n d ou b t, a s k y o ur in s tr u c t or .

The top portion of a sample Chicago style title page

3
QUOTATIONS

Th e C MO S re q uir es q u ot at i o n o f a l l wor d -f or -w o rd m at er ia l . Al l quoted material must be accompanied by a

footnote.

Footnotes are n ot es t ha t a p pe ar in t he f oo t er
se c ti o n of th e pa ge . In C hi c ag o no t es a nd
bi b li o gra p hy s ty le , fo o tn o te s ar e us ed t o t el l t he
r ea der t he s o urc e of i de as or l an gu ag e in t he
tex t . T o ci t e a n o ut s id e so ur ce , a su per s cr ip t
nu m b er is p la c ed af ter a qu o te , s um m ar y , o r
par ap hr as e . T he s up er sc r ip t n um b er c or r e s po n d s
t o a n um ber ed f oo t no t e c on ta i n in g s o ur ce
in f or ma t i on . Image source: Daria Nepriakhina/Stocksnap.io 1

SHORT QUOTATIONS

If a q u o te i s l ess than five lines , in c or p or a te i t in t o a s en te n ce . E n cl o se t he q uo t e d ma te ri a l i n d ou b le

qu o ta t i on mark s - “” . Pl ac e th e su per s cr ip t nu m ber a t th e e n d of th e se nt en c e or qu o ta t i on .

Qu o t at i on ex am pl e:

Kim a nd K oh ’ s inv es t ig at i on i nt o t he r e la t i on sh i p be t we en sm ar tp h on e o bs es s io n an d se lf - es te e m

su gg es te d th a t “in d iv i d u al s wi t h lo w se lf - es te em may f e el mo re an xi o us , an d be i ng anx i o us c an

in cr ea se o ne 's o bs es s i o n w i th sm ar tp h on e us e . ” 2

LONG QUOTATIONS

Qu o t es of fiv e or m or e li ne s, o r 1 00 or m or e w or ds ar e c a ll e d b loc k quotes and a re f or ma t te d di f fere n tly

th a n t h eir s h ort er c ou n t er p ar ts . Wh en u si ng b l o ck qu o ta t i on s f o ll o w th e gu i de l in es b el o w:

 C ha ng e th e li ne s pa c i ng t o s in gle -spaced , and i nc lu d e a d d a n ext ra l in e b ef ore an d af ter t he b l o c k

qu o te .
 B lo ck q u ot a ti o ns a pp ear o n a n ew l in e an d are i ndented half an inch .
 Wh e n b l o ck qu o ta t io n s i nc l ud e m u lt i p le par agr a ph s , n ew p ara gra p hs ar e fur th er i nd en t ed .
 B lo ck q u ot a ti o ns d o NOT make use of quotation marks .
 C ol o ns ar e fr eq u en t ly u s ed w he n in tr od u c in g a b l ock q u ot a ti o n. T he y ar e n ot re qu ir ed .
 Use b l o ck q u o ta t io n s s p ar i ng ly .

E xam pl e of a bl o ck q uo t at i on

Th e di s ti n ct i o n b e tw ee n sp ir i tu a li ty an d r e li gi o si ty is fur t her c l ari fi ed by Mi l ler a nd T h ore se n:

Spir i t ua l ity i s m or e co n c er n e d w i th h ow a n in d iv id u al h as a per s on a l re l a ti o ns h ip t o l arg er

tra n sc en d en t r ea l it i es , s uc h as t he u n iv er se or G od , w her ea s re l ig i os i ty i s m ore c o n cer ne d wi t h ho w
an i nd iv id u al ex per i en c e s a tr an s ce n de nt b ei n g a nd h ow t h is i s e xpr es se d i n a c om mu n ity or s o ci a l
org an iz a ti o n . 1

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BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE

C hi c ag o S ty le r eq u ir e s a l is t of s our c es i n th e f o rm o f a b ib l i ogr ap hy . Th e i nf orm a ti o n o n t h is l is t a l l ow s

wr i t ers t o cre d i t s o ur ce s an d r ea de r s t o f i nd , ev a lu a te , an d m ake f urt he r us e of th o se s ou rc es .

What to include
 E v ery s o ur ce y o u par a ph r as ed , su m m ariz e d, or q uo t ed i n th e tex t .
 D o no t i nc l ud e so ur ce s t ha t y o u co n su l te d bu t di d n o t c it e .
 D o no t i nc l ud e per s on a l c om m un i ca t i on s ( su c h a s e ma i ls or u np ub l is h ed in t erv i ew s) , st a nd ar d
rel ig i o us t ext s su c h as t he Q ur a n or B i bl e , c l as s i ca l pr ima ry s o ur ce s ( su c h a s Th e Il i ad ) o r w el l -k no w n
refer e nc e bo ok s ( su c h a s E n cyc l op ed ia Br i ta nn ic a or th e Ox fo rd E ng l is h D ic ti on ar y) .

How to o rder the entries

 E ntr i es ar e a l ph a be ti ze d by th e f ir st l e tt er in t he en try , g e ner al ly a n a u th or ’s l as t na me .
 E ntr i es t ha t hav e n o a u t hor o r e d it or are a l ph ab et iz ed by t it l e.
 Wh e n a l ph ab e ti zi ng by t it l e, i gn or e a rt i cl e s t h at be gi n th e t it l e (A , A n , a nd T he ) .
 Wh e n a n en tr y s tar ts w i th a n um b er , a l ph a be t iz e t h e e n try ba se d on h o w t h e n um be r w o ul d ap pe ar
if wri t te n .
 Wh e n a n en tr y s tar ts w i th a y ear , a lp ha b et iz e th e e n try ba se d on h o w t h e ye ar wo u ld b e s p ok en .

How to f o rmat the page

 Th e bi b li o gr a ph y b eg i ns on a ne w pa ge af t er th e c on c lu s io n .
 In c lu d e a c o ns e cu t iv e p a ge nu m b er in t he t o p -ri g ht - c orn er of t he h ea der .
 Th e pa ge ha s t he w or d B ib l i ogr ap hy ce n ter e d a t th e t op w it h ou t a ny s pe c ia l f orm a tt i ng ( n o b ol d ,
lar ger f on t siz e , or un de r l in e) .
 Leav e tw o b la nk l in es b e tw ee n th e w ord B i bl i ogr ap hy an d y o ur f irs t en tr y.
 Use “ an d” n o t “& ” f or m ul t i -a u th or en tr ie s .
 Fo r o n e to t en a ut h or s i n a s in g le en try , wr it e o ut a l l n am es i n th e bi b li ogr ap hy (e nt ri es i n th e
fo o tn o te s ca n be s hor t e ne d) .
 Fo r o n l in e s o ur ce s , pr ov id e D O Is i ns te a d of U RL s wh e nev er p o ss i bl e .
 In t he 1 7 t h e di t i on of C M OS , u se of 3 - em da sh ( - - -) f or m u l ti p le w orks b y t he sa me a ut h or is
di s co ur ag ed ( CM OS 1 4. 6 7) .
 B iblio graphy entr ies are sin gle -spaced wit h on e e xtr a s pa c e be tw ee n en tr ie s .
 B ib l i ogr ap hy en tr ie s m a k e u se o f a han gin g indent (ins tru c t io n s f or a ha ng in g in de n t are o n th e nex t
pa ge ) .

S am pl e B ib l io gra p hy fr o m P ur d u e OW L :

5
HANGING INDENT

HOW TO CREATE A HANGING INDENT IN MICROSOFT WORD

1. Sel e ct t he t ex t th a t y ou wo u ld l ik e t o i nd e nt .
2. On t h e H ome tab, c l ick t he ar r ow i n th e b ot t om rig h t of th e
Par agr ap h gr ou p .
3. In t he P ar a gr a p h d i al o g bo x, u nd er In d en t at i on , in t he Sp e ci a l
li s t, s el e ct Han gin g .
4. Th e m ea su r em en t s ho u l d a u t om a t i ca l ly s e t to 0 . 5 under B y .
5. C li ck O K.
*N o te : T h e Sp a ci n g b ef o r e a n d a ft er par agr a ph s sh o ul d be s et t o 0p t .
Ti p! T he key b oar d sh or t cu t C t r l + T als o cr ea te s a h a ng in g in de n t in W or d.

S te p 2 S te ps 3 & 4

HOW TO CREATE A HANGING INDENT IN GOOGLE DOCS:

1. C li ck “V i ew ” a n d m ak e s ur e “S ho w Ru l er” i s ch ec ked .
2. Sel e ct t he t ex t th a t y ou wo u ld l ik e t o i nd e nt .
3. On t h e r u l er , dr ag t he l i gh t bl ue i nv e rt ed tr i an gl e (L ef t In de n t m arker ) t o th e r ig h t u n ti l i t is
a h a lf in c h fr om t he m ar gi n ( 0. 5 0) . ( Th e li gh t b lu e re c ta ng l e w i l l m ov e w i th i t .)
4. Dr ag th e l ig ht b l ue r e ct a ng le (F ir st L in e In de n t m arker ) b a ck to t he l ef t m arg in (0 . 00) .

St ep 3 St ep 4

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 CREDITING SOURCES
TO CRE D I T C ON TR I BU T O RS , C HI CA G O MA NUAL O F S TYLE ( CM OS ) RE Q UI R ES (1) A SU PE RS CR I PT N UM BE R FO R
ALL S OU R CE D IN F OR MA T I ON , ( 2) F OR E A C H SU PE RS CR I PT NU M BE R, A F O OT N OT E C ON TA IN IN G FU LL ( FI RS T
US E ) OR A B BR EV IA TE D ( S UBS E Q UE N T US E ) S OU R CE IN F O RM AT I ON , A N D ( 3) A FU LL L IS T OF S OU RC ES I N T HE
F OR M O F A N EN D - O F -TE X T B IB LI O G RA PH Y .

FOOTNOTES
OVERVIEW

WHAT REQUIRES A FOOTNOTE

Par ap hr as es , su mm ar i es an d qu o t at i on s al l r e qu i re t h e u s e o f f o ot n o te c i ta t i on s .

 A paraphrase r est at es t h e s o ur ce m a ter i al i n ne w l a ng ua ge . A p ara p hra s e u se s ap pr ox im at e ly th e

sam e nu mb er of w or d s a s t h e or i gi n al .
 A summary con de n se s t h e s o ur ce m a ter i al t o r ef l ec t i ts ma i n i d ea( s) . A s umm ary us es s ig n ifi c an t ly
le ss w or ds t ha n th e or ig in a l.
 A quotat ion r esta te s th e s our c e m at er ia l us i ng t he ex ac t l an gu ag e of th a t m at er ia l .

HOW DOES CITATION INFORMATION APPEAR IN THE TEXT

To cr e di t t he wr it er s a n d th i nk er s w h os e i de as a re p ar ap hra s ed , su mmar ize d an d qu o te d , C M OS sty l e

wr i t in g m ake s us e of b ot h s i gnal phrases and supersc ript re ference numbers that co rrespond to a footnote .

S ignal ph rases (als o k n o wn as a t tr i b ut iv e ta gs or narr a t iv e c it a ti o n ) s ig n al t he re ad er th a t th e id ea or

la ng u age b ei n g u se d is f r om an o u ts i de s our c e . Sig na l p hra se s g e ner al ly us e th e au t ho r(s ) n am e (s) an d a
v er b t o d o t h is . Th ey ap pe ar in t he s am e s en t en ce a s t h e s o ur ce ma ter i a l, e i th er dir e ct ly b ef ore or af ter
th a t m at er ia l . Se e th e S I GNA L PH RAS E G UI DE LI N ES ha n d ou t f or gu i de l in e s a n d a l is t of s ig na l p hr as e v er b s.

Footnote ci tations m ak e us e of su per s cr ip t nu mb ers t ha t are p la c ed a s cl os e t o t h e ci t ed ma ter i a l a s

po s si b le (n orm a lly a t th e e nd o f th e s e nt en c e) . Th e su per s cri p t nu mb er c orre sp o nd s t o a f oo t n o te e ntry a t
th e bo t t om of t he p age . If y o u ar e c it i ng a so ur c e m ore t ha n o nc e , y ou c an s hor t en t he s ub se q ue nt
fo o tn o te s. Ex amp l e s b el ow :

In a n e ff ort t o ex pl a in t he c ul t ur a l v ar ia t io n s in sam e -f am ily re in c arn a ti on c l ai ms , Ma s ayuk i

th e ori ze d th a t “ c ul t ur a l l y pr e s cr ib ed i de a s a b ou t rei n ca rn at i o n w o ul d be carr i ed i n to d ea t h a n d
wo u ld i nf lu e nc e de c is i o ns m a de i n th e p os tm or t em st a te .” 1

(F oo t n ot e en try a t t h e b o t t om of t h e p ag e)

1. O hka d o Ma say uk i , " S a m e -F am i ly Ca se s of t he Re i nc ar na t io n Ty pe i n J a pa n , " J ou rn a l of

Sci en t if ic Ex p lo ra t io n 3 1 , n o. 4 ( 2 01 7) , 5 5 3.

S ub se q ue n t f o ot n ot e ex am p l e of th e sa m e w ork:

4. M as ay uki , “S a m e - Fam il y Ca se s ,” 55 4 .

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SHORTENING FOOTNOTE S WHEN CITING A SOURCE MORE THAN ONCE (CMOS 14.30)

Th e f ir st f oo t n ot e of a s our c e in c lu d es a ll n ec e s sary c i ta t io n i nf orm at i o n ( up t o t hre e a u th or s) . Sub se q ue n t

fo o tn o te s of t he sa m e s our c e ca n be s hor t en ed .

S ho r t en e d f o ot n ot e s i n c lu d e :

 The author’s or authors ’ last name (s)

 A sho rtened version of the tit le
o Ti t le s wi t h m or e t h an fo ur w or ds ar e sh or te ne d t o ar o un d t hre e key w or ds of t he ma i n ti t le .
 The page number (s)

Th e 17 t h e d . di s co ur ag es t he us e of I bi d . f or r ep ea te d c it a ti o ns o f t h e s a me so ur ce .

HOW TO INSERT A FOOTN OTE IN MICROSOFT WOR D

1. Pl a ce y o ur c urs or wh er e y o u w o u ld l ik e t he s up e rscr i p t
nu mb er in t he t ex t b o dy (ty p ic a lly af t er th e per i od o f th e
se nt e nc e y o u’r e c it i ng) .
2. S el e ct t he “ Ref er en ce s” ta b .
3. S el e ct “ In ser t F o ot n ot e . ” A nu m b er wi l l a u t oma t i ca l ly b e
in se rt ed , an d y o u r cur s o r w il l m ov e to t he f oo t e r t o a l l ow yo u t o co mp l e te t he fo o t no t e ci t at i o n .

HOW TO INSERT A FOOTNOTE IN GOOGLE DOCS

1. Pl a ce y o ur c ur s or wh er e y o u w a nt t he s up er scr i pt n um ber i n th e tex t

bo dy .
2. Sel e ct t he “ In ser t ” t a b.
3. Sel e ct “ Fo o t no t e. ”

No t e: In e it h er Wor d or Go o gl e D o cs , th e k eyb o a rd s h or tc u t to i n ser t a

fo o tn o te i s C TRL+ Alt +F .

8
 SOURCE TYPES
WORKS WITH MULTIPLE AUTHORS (OR EDITORS)

TWO AUTHORS

 Wh e n a w or k is a ut h or e d b y t w o in d iv i d ua l s, u s e and ins te a d of am per s an d ( & ) t o s ep ara t e t h e

nam e s.
 In t he b i bl i ogr ap hy , on ly t he f ir s t a u th or ’s n am e is i nv er t ed .

IN-TEXT REFERENCE:
Sark od ie a nd S tr ez ov ’s s tu dy r ev e a le d Af ri c an c o un tr ie s as “t h e m os t v u l ner ab l e to c l im at e ch a n ge
wi t h h i gh se n si t iv ity , h ig h e xp o sur e, a nd l o w a d a pt iv e ca pa c i ty. ” 3

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
3. Sam ue l As um ad u S ar k od i e a n d V l ad im ir S tr ez o v , “E c o no mi c , S o ci a l a n d G ov er na n ce Ad a pt a ti o n
Re ad i ne ss f or Mi t ig at i o n of C l im at e C ha ng e V u ln era b il i ty: Ev i de n ce f ro m 19 2 C ou n tri es , ” T he Sc i e nce
of th e T o ta l E nv ir on m en t 6 5 6 ( Mar c h 15 , 20 19 ): 15 0 ,
ht t ps: / /d o i. or g/ 10 . 10 16 /j .s c i to t env .2 0 18 . 11 .3 4 9 .

S ub se q ue n t f o ot n ot e s :

4. Sark o di e an d S tr e zov , “ Cl im a te C ha ng e Vu l ner ab i li ty ,” 1 60 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
S ar k od ie , S am ue l As um a du a nd V la d im ir S tr ez ov . “Ec o n om ic , S o c ia l an d Gov er na n ce Ad ap t at i o n Re ad i ne ss
for M it i ga t io n of C l im at e Ch an ge V ul n era b il i ty: Ev id e nc e fr om 1 92 C o un tr ie s. ” Th e Sc i enc e of th e
To ta l E nv i ro nm en t 65 6 ( Mar c h 15 , 20 19 ) : 1 5 0 - 1 6 4. h t tp s:/ / do i . org /1 0 .1 0 16 /j .s c i to t env . 20 18 . 11 . 3 49 .

THREE OR MORE AUTHORS (CMOS 14.76 )

 Fo r w ork s wi t h t hr ee a u th or s, i n c lu de a l l t hr ee au t hor s i n t h e f o ot n ot e an d bi b li o gra p hy e n tri e s .

 Fo r w ork s wi t h f our o r m or e a u th or s, o n ly in c l u de t he fir s t a u th or ’ s n a me in t he f oo t no t e f o ll o we d
by “ e t a l ., ” an a bbr ev ia t i on for t he La t i n p hr as e et a li a m ea n in g “ a nd o t her s . ” Th e f u ll l i st of a u th or s
(u p t o t en) c a n b e l is te d i n t h e b i bl i ogr a phy .
 Fo r w ork s wi t h t e n or m or e a ut h or s, l is t t he fir s t s ev e n i n th e bi b li o gra p hy, f ol l ow e d by e t al .

IN-TEXT REFERENCE
D oc t or s H or o n , S in ga l , F ow l er , a nd S h arf st e in p o in t o ut t ha t if d ea t h cer t if ic a te s in c l ud e a t h or ou gh
do c um en t at i on o f t h e s u bs ta n ce s inv o lv ed i n a d ea th , a cc ur at e her o in ov erd o se r a te s w i l l b e ea si er
t o o b ta i n . 5

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
5. I sa be l le L . Hor o n et a l ., “S ta n dar d D ea th Cer t i fi ca t es Ver s us E n ha n ce d Surv e i l la n ce t o Id en t ify
He ro i n Ov er d os e –R e la te d De a th s , ” A m er ic an Jo u rn al of P ub l ic H ea l th 10 8, n o . 6 (J un e 20 18 ): 77 7,
do i: 1 0. 21 0 5/A JP H . 20 18 . 30 43 85 .

9
S ub se q ue n t f o ot n ot es :

7. H or t on e t al . , “ S t an d a r d De a th C er ti fi c at es , ” 7 79 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
H or on , Is a be l le L . , P oo ja S i ng al , D av i d R . F o w ler , an d Jo s hu a M. Sh arf st e i n. “S ta n dar d De a th C er ti fi ca t es
Ver su s E nh a nc ed S ur v e il la n ce t o Id e nt ify H er o in Ov er d os e –R e la t ed D ea t h s. ” A me r ica n J o ur na l of
Pu b lic He al t h 1 0 8, n o . 6 (Ju ne 2 01 8): 7 77 – 81 . d o i: 10 .2 1 05 /AJ P H .2 01 8 .3 0 43 85 .

ORGANIZATION OR GOVERNMENT AS AUTHOR (CMOS 14.84 )

S om e s o ur ce s do n o t li s t an i n div i du a l a u th or . Th es e s o ur ce s m ay hav e a n org a niz a ti o n , cor p or at i on ,

as so c i at i on , or g ov er nm en t ag en cy as t he ir a ut h or . I n t hi s ca se , t he gr ou p’ s na me c an b e u se d i n pl a ce of
an a ut h or’ s na me i n f o o tn o te s an d bi b l io gr a p hy en tr ie s .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
3. Sav an n ah (G a .) B oar d of E d uc a ti o n, Ed uc at i on of C o l or ed C h i ld re n (S av an na h: M or ni ng N ew s
Ste am - Po we r Pr e ss , 18 7 2) , Afr i ca n A mer i ca n Pa mp hl et Co l le c t io n , L i bra ry of C o ngr es s , Wa sh i ng t on ,
D C , h t tp s: // ww w .l o c .g ov /i te m / 91 8 98 97 1/ .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
S av a nn a h ( G a .) B o ar d o f E d uc a ti o n. E d uc at i on of C ol or e d C h i ld re n . Sav a n na h: M orn i ng Ne w s S te a m - P ow er
Pre ss , 18 7 2 . Afr i ca n Am er i c an P am ph le t C o l le c ti on . Li br ary of C on gre s s , Wa s hi ng t on , D C .
ht t ps: / /w ww . lo c .g ov /i t e m /9 1 89 89 71 / .

AUTHOR UNKNOWN (CMOS 14.79)

Re f er en c e wor k s, l e gal mat e ria l s , an d n e ws p ap er ed ito ria l s fr eq u en t ly ap p e ar wi th ou t an a u th or. If n o

au th or i s gi v en an d th e sou rc e h a s n ot b e en au t h or ed b y a n a ge n cy or o rgan iza tion ( s e e ab o ve ), st art th e
cit ati on wit h th e sou rc e ’s t it le . I gn o re in iti al art icl e s ( Th e, A, An ) w h en alp h ab et iz in g en tri e s in th e
b ib l iog rap h y .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. “S afe I nj e ct i on F a ci l i t ie s S av e Liv es ,” Sc i en t if i c Am er ic an , Ja n uary 2 9, 20 18 ,
ht t ps: / /w ww . sc i en t if ic a m er ic a n. c om /ar t ic l e/ sa f e - i nj e ct i on -f a c il i ti e s - s av e- l iv e s/ .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
“S af e In je c t io n Fa c i li t ie s S av e Liv e s. ” S ci en t if ic A me ri ca n . J an uar y 2 9 , 2 0 18 .
ht t ps: / / w ww . sc i en t if ic a m er ic a n. c om /ar t ic l e/ sa f e - i nj e ct i on -f a c il i ti e s - s av e- l iv e s/ .

10
CLASSICAL PRIMARY SOURCES (CMOS 14.243)

C la ss i ca l pr im ary s o ur ce s, s uc h as Gr eek a nd La t in t ex ts , are or d in ar ily g iv e n in t he t ex t or f o o tn o te s a n d

no t i nc l ud e d i n t he b ib l i ogr ap h y l is t . Th e num b e rs id en t ify in g par t s of cl as si c al w ork s – bo ok s , s ec t i on s,
li n es – r em ai n t he sa m e in a l l e d it i on s . U se Ara b i c num er al s ( 1 , 2 , 3 , e t c. ) i ns te a d o f Ro ma n nu me ral s . P ag e
nu m b ers ar e om it t ed ex ce p t w h en r ef er e n ci ng a mo der n ed i t or’ s i ntr o d uc t i on or n o te s.

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. Au t h or, T i tl e , b o ok .s e ct i o n. l in e s

1. H om er , Il i ad , 2. 2 5 - 3 0.

SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES (CMOS 14.239)

C it a ti o ns t o r e li gi o ns s cr ip t ur e s , s u ch a s th e B ib l e o r K or an (Q ur ’a n) , us u al ly ap p ear i n tex t or n o te s r at he r
th a n t h e b i bl i ogr a phy . C it a ti o ns f or th e B ib le s h ou l d in c lu d e t h e b o ok (u su al ly a bbr ev ia te d) , c ha pt er , a n d
v er s e, b u t n o p age n um ber . A c o l on s ep ar a t es t he c ha p ter a nd v er se ( s) .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. 1 C or . 1 3: 4 , 1 5: 12 - 19 .

2. H e b. 8: 1 -7 .

U.S. CONSTITUTION

C it a ti o ns o f t h e U .S . C on st i tu t i on ar e i n c lu de d i n fo o tn o te s an d le ft o u t of t he b ib l io gr ap hy . Am en dm en t
an d art i c le n umb er s a p p ear i n r om an n um er a ls a nd o t her s ub d iv i s io n nu mber s are i n Ar a bi c n um era ls (1 , 2 ,
3, e tc .) . T he se c t io n sy m bo l (§ ) ca n be fo u nd i n Mi cr o so ft W or d ’s I ns ert ta b , sy mb o l , m ore sym b o ls , sp ec i al
ch ar ac t ers . A l ter n at iv ely , ho l d d o wn t h e Al t key an d typ e th e nu mb ers 0167 on the numeric keypad .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. U .S. C o ns t . ar t . IV , § 2, c l . 2 .

SOURCE QUOTED IN ANOTHER SOURCE (CMOS 14.260)

C it i ng a so ur ce t ha t w as qu o te d w it h in a no t her so ur ce i s di s co ur ag ed b ec au s e a u th or s a re ex pe ct e d to
exa m i ne w ork s th ey r efe r t o. Y o u s h ou l d f in d t he or ig i na l so ur ce w he nev er p o ss i bl e . H ow ev er , i f th e
or ig in a l s o ur ce c an n ot b e l o c at ed , b ot h t he or ig i na l an d th e se c on d ary s our c e m us t be c i te d . Se par a te t he
so ur ce s wi t h th e phr as e “q uo t ed i n .”

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. W i ns t on C h ur c h i ll , “A ddr es s of W in s t on C h urc hi l l t o P ar li am en t , J u ne 4, 1 94 0, ” in W i ns to n S.
C hu rc hi l l: H is C o mp l et e Sp eec he s , 1 89 7 -1 9 63 , e d. R o ber t Rh o de s J am es , v o l . 6 ( Ch el se a H o us e
Pu b li s her s, 1 97 4) , qu o te d in E d war d H . J u dge a n d J o hn W . L a ng do n , C o n nec t io ns : A Wo r ld H i st or y ,
2n d ed . ( B o st o n: Pe ar s o n, 2 01 2) , 78 4 .

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
C hur c hi l l , W i ns t o n. “Ad d r es s of W in st o n C hur c hi l l to P ar li am en t , J u ne 4 , 19 40 .” I n W in st o n S . C h urc h il l: H i s
C om p le te Sp ee ch es , 18 9 7 - 1 96 3. E d i te d by Ro b er t Rh o de s J am es . Vo l . 6. C he ls ea Ho u se P ub l is her s,
19 74 . Q uo t ed i n E dw ar d H . J u dg e a n d J o hn W . L an gd o n. C o nn ec ti on s: A Wo rl d H is t or y . 2 nd e d.
B os t on : P e ar s o n, 2 01 2 .

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

If y o u’r e c it i ng an em a il , te xt m e ss ag e , te le p ho n e c o nv er s at i on , l et t er , o r n on - ar ch iv e d d is c us si o n m es sa ge
bo ar d, i t is u n lik e ly th a t y o ur r e a der w il l b e a b le t o a c ce s s y our s o urc e . Fo r t h is r e as o n, p ers o na l
c om m un i ca t i on s ar e n ot i nc l ud ed i n t he b ib l io gr ap hy .

UNPUBLISHED INTERVIE WS

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. [ Nam e of i nt er v ie we e ] . In t er v i ew e d by [n am e] , pl a ce an d da t e of in t er v ie w .

1. S tev e Vo sk ui l ( C h ie f Fi n a n c ia l Of fi c er, H er sh ey Co .) , i nt erv ie we d by t he a ut h or, M ay 20 , 20 1 9 .

S ub se q ue n t f o ot n ot e s :

2. V osk u i l, i nt er v ie w .

AUTHOR AND EDITOR OR TRANSLATOR (CMOS 14.23)

S om e w ork s – typ i c al ly b o ok s – h av e b ot h an a u t hor a nd a n ed i tor o r tr a ns la t or . In a w ork w i t h b o th a n

au t hor a nd a n e d i tor / tr a ns la t or , th e ed i tor or tr an sl a t or’ s na me i s g iv e n af ter t he t i tl e of t he w o rk . E di t ed
is a bbr ev ia te d t o ed . in th e f o o tn o te . Tr a n sl a te d is a bb rev ia t ed t o t rans. Th e bi b li o gra ph y e n try d oe s no t
ab br ev i at e ed i te d or tr a ns la t ed .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
5. I sa a c Ba sh ev is S i ng er , Th e S l av e , tr a ns . Ce c i l He ml ey ( Ne w Yo rk: Farr ar, Str a us an d C ud a hy, 1 96 2) ,
10 2.

S ub se q ue n t f o ot n ot e:

6. Si ng er , T he S la ve , 22 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
S in ger , I sa ac Ba sh ev is . T he Sl av e . Tr a ns la t ed by Ce c i l He ml ey . N ew Y ork: Far rar , S tra u s a n d Cu d a hy, 1 96 2 .

12
 PERIODICALS – ONLINE & PRINT
JOURNALS, MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS

JOURNAL ARTICLES – ONLINE & PRINT

JOURNAL ARTICLE FORMATTING NOTES:

 Th e au th or ’ s n am e is i nv er t ed i n t he b ib l io gra p h y b ut n o t i n t he fo o tn o t e.
 Ele me nt s ar e o ft en s ep a r at ed by c om ma s in t he fo o tn o te a nd by a per i o d in t he b ib l i ogr ap hy .
 No retrieval date is ne c e ss ar y f or e le c tro n i c re s o urc e s u n le ss re qu es t ed by y our i n str u ct or . If a n
ac c es s da te i s r eq u ir e d by y our i n str u ct or , i t s h ou l d be i nc l ud e d i mme d i at e ly pr i or t o th e U RL or
D OI .
 Th e j ournal tit le is ital icized .
 Use t it le case capitali zation for jou rnal and article tit les . Do n o t c a pi t al iz e ar t i cl es (a , an , t he) ,
pre p os i ti o ns l es s th a n f our l e tt er s l o ng (o f, o n , in , by , e t c .) , or co or d in a ti ng c o nj u nc t i on s ( an d , or)
un l es s on e of th e se i s t h e f ir s t w or d of t he j o urn al t i tl e .
 The volume number is not i talic ized like i t is i n APA s ty le . Th e a b brev i at i on for v o l um e, or v o l ., i s n o t
in c lu d ed . O nly g iv e t he nu m b er .
 Th e is su e nu m b er , i f av a il a bl e , f o ll o ws t he v o l um e n um ber w i th a c omm a an d is pr ec e de d by “ n o. ”
 Th e pu b li c at i o n y e ar m a y be pr e ce de d by a s ea s on or m on t h.

ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH A DOI [DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER]

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , “T i tl e of A r t i cl e ,” T it l e o f Jo ur na l v o l ume # , i ss u e # ( pu b li c at i o n ye ar): p age

nu mb er, d o i: nu m b er .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
3. G ue org K os s in e ts an d D un c an W a tt s , “ Or ig i ns of H om o ph i l y in a n Ev ol v in g S o ci a l N e tw ork , ” T h e
Ame r ica n Jo ur na l of Soc i ol og y 11 5, n o . 2 (S ep te mber 2 00 9): 4 06 , d oi :1 0 .1 08 6 /5 99 24 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Ko ss i ne ts , G ue org i an d D un c an W at t s. “ Or ig in s of H om o ph i ly in a n Ev ol v in g S o ci a l N e tw ork .” T h e A me ri ca n
Jou r na l o f S oc io lo g y 1 15 , no . 2 (S ep t em ber 20 0 9 ): 4 05 – 45 0 . d o i: 10 . 10 86 /5 99 24 7

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JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH NO DOI

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , “T i tl e of A r t i cl e ,” T it l e o f Jo ur na l v o l ume # , i ss u e # ( pu b li c at i o n ye ar): p age

nu mb er.

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
4. B ev er ly M ay C ar l , “T h e L aw s of Ge ng h is Kh an , ” La w an d B us in es s Re v i ew of th e A m er ic as 18 , n o . 2
(M arc h 22 , 20 1 2): 14 7 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Ca r l , B ev er ly Ma y. “ Th e Law s of Ge ng h is K ha n .” Law a nd B u si ne ss R ev ie w of t he A me ric a s 1 8 , n o . 2 (M ar ch
22 , 20 12 ): 14 7 -1 70 .

MAGAZINE OR NEWSPAPER ARTICLES – ONLINE & PRINT

FORMATTING NOTES:

 In c lu d e a s m u ch i nf or m a ti o n ab o ut t he p u bl i sh i n g d at e as p os s ib l e. Pr ov i de t he d ay a n d m on t h if
av a i la bl e .
 If c it i ng a pr i n t c opy of a n ew s pa per or ma ga zi n e, e nd t he c i ta t i o n af ter t he pa ge n um ber i n th e
fo o tn o te e ntr y or y e ar i n th e b i b li og ra phy e n try .
 If n o a u th or i s g iv e n f or th e ar t i c le , be gi n wi t h t he ar ti c le ’ s ti t le i ns t ea d .

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , “Ar ti c le T i tl e, ” Ma g azi n e o r N ew s pa pe r T i t le , M on t h Y ea r, p ag e n um ber ,

URL / Da t ab as e .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. M i ch e ll e C or tez , “ F ew er Am er ic a n K id s D ie i n Sta t es w it h T ou gh er Gu n La ws , A c c ord i ng t o th i s

Ne w S tu dy ,” T im e, J uly 1 5, 2 01 9, h t tp s: // t ime . c o m/5 6 26 35 2/ gu n - la ws -f e wer - ch i ld - de a th s/ .

2. G in t au t as D um c iu s , “S ta t e R e ce iv in g $ 5 .6 M i n Au to Se t tl em en t ,” T he P os t -S ta n da rd , J a nu ary 1 1,
20 19 , A 4 , N e ws ba nk .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY TEMPLATE

Las t na me , Fir s tn am e. “A r t ic l e T i t le .” M ag az in e o r N ew sp a per T i tl e . Day M on t h, Ye ar . U RL / Da ta b as e.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
C or tez , M ic he l le . “ F ew e r Am er i ca n Ki d s Di e in St at es w i th T ou gh er Gu n L aw s, A cc or d in g to t h is N ew S t udy . ”
Ti m e. Ju ly 1 5, 2 01 9. h t t ps: // t im e. c om /5 62 6 35 2/ gu n -l aw s -f ew er -c h il d - de at hs / .

D um ci u s, G in t au t as . “ S t at e Re ce iv i ng $5 . 6M i n Au to Se t tl em en t .” T he P os t -S ta n da rd . J a nu ary 1 1, 2 01 9.
Ne ws ba nk .

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 BOOKS – PRINT OR ONLINE
C M OS 1 4 .1 00

BOOK FORMATTING NOTES

1. Use t it le case capitali zation for t itle s and subtitles .

2. If th e b ook h as b ee n r epr inted , lis t o n ly t h e m os t re c en t y ea r.
3. Giv e th e p ublisher in as br i ef for m a s p os si b le . Wr it e ou t t he n ame s of c orp or at i o ns , as s oc i at i o ns ,
an d un iv ers i ty p r e ss es , bu t om i t ter m s l ike P ub l is he rs , C o. a nd I n c. R et a in w or ds B o oks a nd Pr es s.
Exam pl e: M ac m i l la n N OT Ma c m i l la n Pu b li s hi ng C o .
4. If t wo or more publish ing locations are g iv e n , g i v e t h e l o c at i on l i st e d f ir st or , if s pe c if ie d, t he
l oc a ti o n of th e pu b l is he r ’s h om e off i ce .
5. Fo r a n e dit ion other than the first , ad d t he ed i t i on n um ber af t er th e ti t l e i n t he l is t in g. I n th e
fo o tn o te , a co m m a s ep a r at es t he t i t le an d ed i t io n n um be r. I n th e bi b li o g rap hy en try , a p er i od
se par a te s th e ti t le a nd e di t i on n um ber .

ORDER OF ELEMENTS WHEN CITING A BOOK

No t al l of t he e le m e n ts l is t ed be l o w w i ll b e ap p li ca b le t o ev ery b o ok. Ski p e l eme n ts t ha t d o n o t ap p ly to t he

so ur ce b ei ng c i te d .

1. Au th or( s) or n am e o f i n s ti t u ti o n s t an d in g a s au t hor
2. Ti t le
3. Edi t or or tr an sl a t or
4. Edi t i on , if n ot t h e f ir s t
5. Vo l ume
6. Seri es t i t le
7. Fa c ts of p u bl i ca t i on: c i t y , st a te: p ub l is h er, d at e
8. Pa ge n umb er ( s)
9. URL or D O I f or e le c tr o n i c bo ok s

PRINT BOOK

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , Ti t le of W ork : S ub t it l e , # ed . ( C i ty , S ta te : P u bl i sh er , ye ar) , p ag e .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. Sc o t t D. W ur di ng er an d J u li e A . C arl s on , Te ac h in g f or Exp er ie n t ia l L ea r ni ng : Fi ve Ap pr oac h es t h at
Wo rk , (L an h am , M D : R o wm a n & L it t lef i el d E d uc at i on , 20 1 0) , 4 5 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE
Las t na me , Fir s tn am e. T i t le . # ed . C i ty , S t a te : P ub li s her , y ear .

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BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Wur d in ger , S c o tt D . a nd Ju li e A . C ar ls o n. T eac h in g fo r Ex pe r ie nt i a l Le ar n i ng: F iv e A pp ro ac he s th a t Wo rk .
Lan h am , MD : Ro wm an & L i t tl ef ie l d E du c at i on , 2 01 0.

ELECTRONIC BOOK (C MOS 14.161 )

 Wh e n c i t in g a b o ok f o un d on l in e , i n c lu de a D O I or U RL a t th e e n d of th e c it a ti o n .
 If y o u ar e r etr i ev i ng a b o ok thr o ug h a l i brary d a ta ba s e, a URL av ai l ab l e t o al l us ers ma y n o t be a v ai l ab le
as l ibr ary d at ab a se s ar e av a i la bl e o nly t o su b sc ri ber s. I n cl u de t he n ame of t he da t ab as e i n i t al i c s
in s te ad o f a UR L.
 S om e e l ec tr o ni c b oo k s m ay n ot h av e fix e d p ag e nu mb ers . If p ag e n um b ers are n o t av a i la bl e i n an e -
bo ok , i nc l ud e an o th er l o ca t i on i de n ti f i er su c h a s a ch a pt er or se c ti o n nu mber .

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , Ti t le of e Bo ok ( c it y, s ta t e: pu b li sh er , y ear) , pa ge nu mb er , U RL / DO I / D a ta ba se .

FOOTNOTE EXAMPLES

1. J oe R . Fe ag in , R ac is t Ame r ica : Ro ot s , C u rr en t Re al i t ie s, a nd F ut u re Re pa ra t io ns , 2 n d e d . ( Ne w York :

Tay l or & Fr an c is , 20 1 0) , 59 , eB oo k C o l lec t io n (E B SC Oh os t) .

2. Ak is Ka l ai tz id i s a n d G r eg or y W . S tre i ch , U . S. F ore i gn P ol ic y : A Doc u me nt ar y an d Ref er en ce Gu i de

(San t a Ba rb ar a , CA : G r e en w oo d , 2 0 11 ) , 27 4 , Ga l e V ir t ua l Re fe re nce Li b r ar y.

BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE

Las t na me , Fir s tn am e. T i t le of e Bo ok . Ci ty , st a te: pu b li s her , y ear .U RL / D OI / D a ta ba s e .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Ka la i tz id is , Aki s an d Gr e gor y W . S tr ei c h . U .S . Fo r ei gn P ol ic y : A Doc u me nt ar y a n d R ef er enc e Gu id e . S an ta
Ba rb ara , C A: Gr e en w oo d , 2 0 11 . Ga le V ir t ua l Re fe re nce Li br a ry .

ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED COLLECTION OR ANTHOLOGY (C MOS 14. 107 )

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. Au t h or of ch a pt er , “ C ha p ter or ar ti c le t i tl e ,” i n Bo ok Ti t le , ed . E d it or Nam e( s) ( C i ty: Pu b l is her ,

year) , p age n um be r .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. Ju d i th Or t iz C of er , “ T he My th o f th e L at i n W o man , ” in T he No rt on F i el d G u id e to W ri t in g wi t h
Re ad i ng s , 4 t h ed . , e d . Ri ch ar d Bu l l oc k a n d M a ur ee n Da ly G og gi n ( Ne w Y ork: W . W. N or to n , 2 0 16) ,
87 6.

16
BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE
Au th or of c ha p ter . “ Ch a pt er Ti t le . ” I n B ook T it l e , e d it e d b y n am e(s ), p ag e ra ng e . Ci ty: P u bl i sh er, year .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
C ofe r , Ju d i th Or t iz . “ Th e My th o f t h e L at i n Wo m an .” I n Th e N or t on F ie l d Gu id e to W r it i ng w it h Re ad in g s ,
ed i te d by R i c har d B ul l o c k an d M aur ee n D aly G og gi n, 8 76 - 83 . Ne w Y ork : W. W . Nor t o n , 2 01 6 .

ENTRY IN A REFERENCE BOOK—DICTIONARY/ENCYCLOPEDIA

 We l l -kn o wn ref er e n ce w or k s, s uc h as t he Oxf or d Eng l is h D ic ti o na ry , E ncy clo pe d ia B r it a nn ic a , or

Wi ki pe d ia , c an b e c i te d i n th e f o ot n o te s a n d lef t ou t of t he b i bl i ogr ap hy .
 Ref er en ce w ork s th a t ar e n o t wi de ly k n o wn s ho ul d i nc l ud e f u ll p ub l i ca t i on d et a il s l ike o t her b o o ks.
 C it a ti o ns o f a n al p ha be t i ca l ly ar r a ng ed w ork ( t h at i s ho w r efer e nc e b oo ks ar e us u al ly arra n ge d) wi l l
in c lu d e th e a b br ev i a t i on “s .v .” wh i c h i s sh or t f or t he L a ti n p hra se s ub ve rb o or “ un d er th e w or d . ” T he
pl ur al f orm is s .v v . S e e th e exa m p le s be l ow .

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1. F irs t na me La st n am e ( i f av ai l ab le ) , R efe re nc e Wo rk T i t le , ed i ti o n (y ea r ), s.v . “w or d .”

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. Oxf or d E ng l is h D ict i o na ry , 2 n d e d . ( 19 99 ), s .v . “ l i ber ty .”

ONLINE REFERENCE WOR K

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1. F irs t na me La st n am e ( i f av ai l ab le ) , R efe re nc e Wo rk Ti t le , s.v . “w or d ,” ac c es se d M on t h d ay , y e ar,

URL .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. Je ff Wa l le nf le d t a n d Dav i d Me n de ll , E nc yc lo p ed ia B r it a nn ic a , s .v . “ B a rack Ob am a, ” la st u p da t ed
Ju ne 19 , 2 01 9, h t tp s: // w ww .b r i t an n ic a .c om / bi o g rap hy/ B ar ack - O ba ma .

2. M er ri a m -W eb s te r Di ct io na ry , s .v . “fr ee d om ,” a c ce ss ed J uly 1 6, 2 01 9 , h tt p s:/ /w w w. merr i am -

we bs t er. c om /d i c ti o nar y /fr e ed o m ? sr c =s ear c h -d i ct - b ox .

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No t e: N o t ev ery e le m e nt be l ow i s g o i ng t o b e ap pl i ca b le t o ev ery s o urc e . Us e w h at ev er i nf orm at i on yo u

hav e a b o ut t he s our c e a nd or de r i t i n th e f o ll o w in g s e qu en c e.

1. Nam e of t he c om p os er , wr i t e r , d ir e c t or , p erf or mer , or ot her p ers o n pri mar ily re sp o ns i bl e f or

c on te n t . F o l lo w th e na m e w i th a de s ig na t i on of r o le , s u c h a s dir e ct or or wri t er a s ap pr op ri a te .
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W orks w it h in l ar g er wo r k s, l ik e a T V e p is o de , p o dc a st e pi s od e , or a TE D ta lk l ec t ure ar e e n ca se d i n
qu o ta t i on m ar k s .
3. In for ma t io n ab o u t th e w or k , s u ch a s w h en a nd w her e it w as r e c ord ed .
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5. In for ma t io n ab o u t th e m ed i um or f orm a t, s uc h a s DV D or M PEG . Le ng th of f i lm c an a ls o be g iv e n .
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perf or ma n ce , su c h a s th e l o c at i on a nd d a te i t w as fi lm ed . S ee T ed T alk exa mp le b el o w .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. D i na R ad e lj as , “Fr om Ref ug e e t o P h D, ” f i lme d Sep t e m ber 2 2 , 20 1 7 i n Ut i ca , NY , T ED x v id e o, 1 0:4 7 ,
ht t ps: / /w ww .y ou t ub e .c o m /w a tc h ?v =J uq 5 ac T hEG s .

2. R o ber t Yu ha s , d ir e ct o r , Be co mi n g Ba ra ck: E vo l ut i on of a L ea de r , V is i o n F il ms , 20 12 , 53 :0 5,
Ka no py , ht t ps :/ /m v cc .k a no py . co m /v i de o/ b ec om i ng - bar ac k - ev ol u t io n - le a der .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Ra de l ja s, Di na . “F ro m R e fug ee t o Ph D . ” F i lm ed S ep te mb er 22 , 20 17 i n U t i ca , N Y . T ED x v id eo , 1 0: 47 .
ht t ps: / /w ww .y ou t ub e .c o m /w a tc h ?v =J uq 5 ac T hEG s .

Yu ha s , R o ber t , dir e ct or . Be co m in g Ba ra ck : E vo lu t io n o f a Le ad er . V is i on F il ms , 20 12 , 5 3:0 5 . K an op y .

ht t ps: / /mv cc .k an o py .c o m /v id eo / be c om in g -b ara ck -ev o lu t i on - le a der .

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FILM/DVD

Th e ord er of t he e lem e n ts l is t ed f or f il m de pe nd s on w he th er y o u’r e c it i ng a par t ic u lar e pi s od e or an e nt ir e

wor k a n d w he t her a par t i cu lar c o n tr i b ut or (s u ch as a wr i t er, a c to r, or d ir ec t or) i s t h e f o cu s of t h e c i ta t i on .
Fo r m ore fi lm ex am p le s se e P ur du e O wl ’ s w eb s it e .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

2. M i ch ae l Kir k , d ir e c t or an d wr it er , C h en ey ’ s L a w ( Fr on t li ne , 2 00 7) , DV D .

3. An n C arr ol l an d C har l es P oe , wr i t ers , Th e Ne w W or l d: Ni g ht m ar e i n J am es t ow n ( B urb a nk, C A:

War n er Ho m e V id e o , 2 0 05) , D V D.

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY

Ca r r o l l , A nn a nd C h ar l es P oe , wr i t er s . Th e Ne w Wo rl d: N ig h tm ar e in Ja me st o wn . B urb an k, C A: War n er Ho me
Vi de o , 20 05 . D V D.

Kir k , M ic h ae l , d ir ec t or a nd wr i ter . C he ne y’ s L a w. Fr on t l in e , 2 00 7 . DV D .

PODCAST (CMOS 14.267 )

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. P o dc as t h os t an d gu e st , “T i tl e of p od c as t ,” d a te , in T i tl e of Po dc as t S e rie s , pr o d uc ed by
org an iz a ti o n , p o dc a st , MP 3 au d io , t im e le ng th , a cc es se d da t e, U RL .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. Li z Cov ar t an d S te p he n Br u m w e ll , “ 2 38 St ep h en Br um we l l, Be ne d ic t A rno l d ,” n. d ., i n B en Fr a nk li n ’s
Wo rl d , pro d uc e d by t h e Om o hu nd r o I ns t i tu te , p od c as t , MP 3 au d io , 1: 10 :52 , a cc es s ed Ju ly 25 , 2 01 9,
ht t ps: / /w ww . be nfr ank l in sw or ld . c om / e pi s od e -2 38 -s t ep he n - brum w el l - be ne di c t -ar n ol d / .

BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE
Po d ca s t ho s t a n d g ue s t. “T i tl e of ep i so d e. ” P ro d uc e d by or ga n iza t i on . Po dca s t S er ie s T it le . D a te air e d.
Po d ca s t, M P 3 a u di o , ti m e l e ng th . Ac c es se d da te . URL .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
C ov ar t , L iz an d S t ep he n Br um w e ll . “ 2 38 S t e ph en Br um we l l, B e ne di c t Ar n o ld .” Pr o du c ed by t he O mo hu n dro
In s ti t ut e . Be n Fr ank l in ’ s Wo rl d . N . d . P o d ca st , M P 3 a u di o , 1:1 0: 52 . Ac c es s ed Ju ly 25 , 2 01 9.
ht t ps: / /w ww . be nfr ank l in sw or ld . c om / e pi s od e -2 38 -s t ep he n - brum w el l - be ne di c t -ar n ol d / .

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 WEBSITES
FORMATTING NOTES:

 If n o p u b li cat ion d at e i s av ai lab l e , in clu d e th e mon th , d ay an d y ea r th a t you r et ri e v ed t h e d o cu m en t.

 So m e w eb p a ge s s tat e w h en a p a ge w a s l as t mo d if i ed o r u p d a te d . I n c lu d e th i s wo rd in g wi th th e d a te
b e for e th e U RL .
 Ti tl e s o f w eb si t es ar e g en era lly n ot ita li ci zed in Ch ica go s tyl e (C M OS 14 .2 06 ). N ot a ll w eb s it e s h av e
titl e s b u t r ath er an en t i ty r e sp on s ib l e fo r th e si te. Tit l es o f b l og s can b e i tal ic iz ed . Tit l es o f on l in e
n e w sp ap er s or m aga zin e s a re ita li ci ze d .
 Ti tl e s o f t h e w eb p ag e or art ic le ar e s et in q u ota tion ma rk s.

WEBPAGE WITH AN AUTHOR

F OO T NO TE TE MP LAT E

1. F ir st n am e La s t n am e, “W eb p age T i tl e ,” W eb si t e T i tl e , la st m od if i ed /u p da te d /a c ce ss ed M o n th Da y,
Ye ar, UR L.

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

2. Li s a Ch ed ek el , “ S P H S tu dy : Al c o ho l P o li c ie s C on tr i bu te t o S u ic i de P r e v en t io n ,” B U T od a y,
De c em ber 1 4 , 2 01 6, h t t ps: // w ww . bu .e d u/ ar ti c le s/ 20 16 /a l c oh o l -p o l ic i es - c on tr ib u te - t o- s ui c id e -
prev en t i on / .

3. M i ch ae l Ne l so n , “ B ar ack O b am a : L if e Bef or e t he Pr es id e ncy , ” Mi l ler C en ter , Un iv ers i ty of Vir g in i a,

ac c es se d J u ly 15 , 20 19 , ht t ps: / /m il l erc en t er .or g /pr es i de n t/ ob am a/ l if e - b ef ore - th e -pr es i de n cy .

BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE
Las t na me , Fir s tn am e. “ We b pag e T it le . ” We bs i t e t i t le . L as t mo d if ie d/ Ac ce ss e d/U p da te d da t e. U RL .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
C he dek e l, Li s a. “S P H S t u dy : A l c oh o l Po l i ci e s C o n tr ib ut e t o S ui c id e P rev e nt i o n . ” BU To d ay . De c e mber 1 4 ,
20 16 . h tt ps :/ /w ww . bu . e du /ar t i cl es / 20 16 /a l c oh o l -p o li c ie s - co n tr ib u te - to - su i ci d e - pr ev e n ti o n/ .

Ne ls o n, M i c ha el . “ Bar a c k O b a m a: L ife B ef or e t h e Pr es i de n cy . ” M il l er Ce nt er , U n iv er si ty of V irg i ni a .

Ac ce ss e d J u ly 1 5 , 2 0 19 . ht t ps: / /m il l erc en t er .or g /pr es i de n t/ ob am a/ l if e - b ef ore - th e -pr es i de n cy .

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Fo r m a t t in g n o te s:

 Of te n we bp ag e s t h at a p pe ar to h av e n o au t ho r are a ut h ore d by c orp or a te e nt i ty or org an iz a ti o n . L is t

th e org an iz a ti o n or en t it y i n p l ac e of t he a ut h or . If t he or ga ni za t io n i s a l so t he n am e of th e we bs it e ,
do n o t r ep ea t th a t in for m a ti o n.
 If th er e i s n o author , no or g an iz a ti o n a n d no w eb si t e o w ner l is t ed , s tar t t he en t ry w i th t he t i tl e o f
th e we bp ag e .
 If n o p u bl i ca t i on d at e is giv en , i nc l ud e th e da te t he ma ter i al w as a c ce ss e d. A cc es s ed d at es ar e n o t
ne ce s sary if a p ub l ic a ti o n d a te i s g iv en .

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FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. Or ga n iza t i on or o wn e r of t he E N TI RE we b si t e, “W e bp ag e ti t le ,” T i tl e o f W eb s it e or pu b li s her o f
th e E NT I RE w e bs i te (if d iff er e n t th an or ga n iza t i o n ) , l a st m od if ie d /a c ce ss ed /u p da te d da t e, U RL .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY

1. B i ogr a phy . c om E di t or s, “ Bar a ck O bam a B i ogr a phy ,” A&E T el ev i s i on Ne tw ork s , l a st u pd a te d J u l y 17 ,

20 19 , h tt ps :/ /w ww . b io g r ap hy .c o m / us - pre s id en t /b ara ck - ob am a .

2. “ Bu l gar i a Co u ntr y Pr o fi le ,” B B C N ew s, M ay 22 , 20 18 , h tt p s:/ /w w w. b bc . c om/ n ew s/ w orl d -e ur op e -

17 20 29 9 6 .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
B io gr a p hy .c om Ed i to r s . “ B ar ack O b am a Bi og ra ph y .” A&E Te lev i s io n Ne t w ork s. La st u p da te d Ju ly 17 , 20 19 .
ht t ps: / /w ww . bi o gr a phy . c om / u s - pr es i de nt / bar a c k - ob am a .

“B u lg ari a C o un try Pr of il e. ” B B C N ew s . May 2 2, 2 01 8. h t tp s: // ww w .b b c. c om /n ew s/ w or ld - eur o pe - 17 20 29 9 6 .

BLOG POST (CMOS 14.208 )

FOOTNOTE TEMPLATE

1. F irs t na me La st n am e , “T i tl e of P os t ,” T it le of B lo g ( b lo g) , N a me of L a rg er Pu b li ca t io n if ap pl ic a bl e ,
M on t h Day , Ye ar of p os t , U RL .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. J oe H ar de nbr o ok , “ M ar k e t in g a n d A dv oc a ti ng for t he A ca de mi c L i bra r y ,” M r. L ib ra ry D ud e ( b l og) ,
Mar c h 4, 2 01 9, h t tp s: // m r l ibr ar y du d e. w ord pr es s. c om / .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Ha r d en br o ok, J oe . “M ar k et i ng an d Adv o ca t in g f or th e A c ad em i c L ibr ary . ” M r . L ib ra ry D u de (b l og ) . Mar c h 4,
20 19 . h tt ps :/ /m r l ibr ar y d ud e .w or dpr es s .c om / .

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DIGITAL COLLECTION (CMOS 14.229)

No t e: Th e L i brary of Co n gr e ss ha s a div er s e di g it al c o ll e c ti o n of m an u sc ri pt s an d ph o t ogr ap h s av a il a bl e

on l i ne ( h t tp s:/ / ww w. l o c. gov /c o l le c ti o ns / ) . I t’ s a gre at p la c e to fi n d pri m ary s o ur ce ma te ri a l .

FOOTNOTE ENTRY
1. Abr a ham L in c o ln p ap e r s: S er i es 1 . Ge ner a l C or res p on de n ce . 18 33 - 19 1 6 : Abr a ham L in c ol n , [J a nu ary 1 8 49]
(A Bi l l t o A bo l is h S l av er y i n t h e D i s tr i c t of C o lu m bi a) , L i brary o f C on gre ss , Wa sh i ng t on , D C ,
ht t ps: / /w ww . lo c .g ov /r e s our c e/ m a l .0 04 25 0 0/ .

BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY
Abr ah am L i n co l n pa per s: S er ie s 1 . Ge n er a l C orre sp o nd en c e. 1 83 3 -1 91 6: Abr ah am L i n co l n, [J an ua ry 18 4 9] (A
B il l t o A b ol i sh S l av er y i n t he D is tr i ct o f C ol um b ia ) . L i brar y o f C on gre ss , Wa s hi ng t on , D C .
ht t ps: / /w ww . lo c .g ov /r e s our c e/ m a l .0 04 25 0 0/ .

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SOURCE NOTES:

Th i s g ui d e is ba s ed o n t he 17 t h ed i ti o n of C hi c a go M an ua l of Sty l e ( 20 1 7 ) . I t a ls o m ak es us e of ma ter ia l s
ac c es se d thr o ug h MV C C li br ar y ’s d at ab a se su b sc rip t i on s , t h e P ur du e O nl in e Wr it i ng L a b ( ow l . pur du e .e du ),
an d th e A PA ref ere n ce g ui d e c r e at ed by D a ni e ll e D el G iu d i ce .

Pl ea s e re p or t s ug ge st i o ns a nd c or r ec t i on s to Da ni e ll e De l G iu d ic e at d de l -g iu d ic e .mv c c. ed u or J o ce ly n
Ir e l an d at j ire l an d@ m v c c. e du .

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