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IPM DPT
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Drill String and BHA Design
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References
• API RP 7G Drill Stem Design and Op Limits
• API SPEC 7 Specifications for Rotary Drilling
Elements
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• API SPEC 5D Specifications for Drill Pipe
• SLB Drill String Design manual
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• TH Hill DS-1 Drill String Design
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Objectives
At the end of this lecture YOU will be able to describe:
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• Grades of Drill Pipe and strength properties
• Thread types and tool-joints
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• Drill collar weight and neutral point
• Bending Stress Ratios and Stiffness Ratios
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• Margin Of Overpull
• Basic design calculations based on depth to be drilled.
• Functions of stabilizers and roller reamers.
Agenda
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• Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP
III. Drill String Design
•
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Bottom Hole Assembly Design
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• Drill Pipe Selection
• Buckling and max WOB
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The drillstring serves the three main following functions :
D
P
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1. Transmit and support axial loads - WOB
2. Transmit and support torsional loads - rpm
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3. Transmit hydraulics to clean the hole and cool the
bit. DC WOB
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• Kelly
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• Surface Safety Valves
• Drill Pipe
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• Heavy Walled Drill Pipe
• Drill Collar
• Jars – Shock Subs – Bumper Subs
– Junk Baskets – Accelerators etc…
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essential requirements for drilling a
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well:
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1) Transmit rotation to the drillstring.
2) Provide access to the drilling fluid
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into the drillstring.
3) Support the weight of the string.
The Kelly
The Kelly is the rotating link between the rotary table and
the drill string.
• Transmits rotation and weight-on-bit to the drillbit
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• Supports the weight of the drillstring
• Connects to the swivel and allow circulation thru
pipe.
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The Kelly comes in lengths ranging from 40 to 54 ft with
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cross sections such as hexagonal (most common), square
or triangular.
Connected to a Kelly Saver Sub
Kelly Cock
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The Kelly cock is used to close the inside
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of the drillstring in the event of a kick.
The upper & lower Kelly cocks operate
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manually.
IBOP / DPSV are not run in the drill string
but kept handy on the rig floor
Top Drive
The top drive is basically a combined rotary table and kelly.
It is powered by a separate motor and transmits rotation to the
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drill string directly without the need for a rotary table.
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Advantages over the kelly system:
1. Efficient reaming and back reaming.
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2. Circulating while running in hole or pulling out of hole in
stands
3. The kelly system can only do this in singles; ie 30 ft.
Stabilizers
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Stabilizers
Reasons for Using Stabilizers:
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the directional behavior of most BHAs.
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2. Help concentrate the weight of the BHA on the bit.
3. Minimize bending and vibrations which cause tool joint
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wear and damage to BHA components such as MWDs.
4. Reduce drilling torque by preventing collar contact with
the side of the hole and by keeping them concentric in
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the hole. (FG!!)
5. Help preventing differential sticking and key seating.
Roller Reamers
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Drill Pipe
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Drill Pipe
Function
To serve as a conduit or conductor for drilling fluid
To transmit the rotation from surface to the bit on bottom
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Components
A pierced, seamless tube of forged steel or extruded
Aluminum
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Tool joints attached to each end of the seamless tube
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Tool Joints
Provide connections for the drill string
Separate pieces of metal welded to the seamless tube
Thick enough to have pin or box cut into them
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3. Grade E - 75, X – 95, G – 105, S – 135
the numbers denote 1000’s of psi minimum yield
strength
4. Weight
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Depending upon the size of pipe different weight
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ranges
For example a drill pipe could be - 5”, Range 2, G-105, 19.5ppf, New
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E or E-75 75,000 85,000 / 105,000
G or G-105
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S or S-135 135,000 145,000 / 165,000
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Stress & Strength
Stress = Strength divided by Cross Section Area
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Strain & stretch
Strain = Stretch divided by original length
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Minimum Yield Stress
The stress which gives a stretch of 0.5% (0.005”). When the stress
is removed, the steel will have acquired 0.2% of permanent
deformation.
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Ultimate Tensile Stress
The stress which will break the steel
Exercise DP-00
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New: No wear, has never been used
Premium: Remaining wall not less than 80%.
Class 2:
Class 3: l.c
Remaining wall not less than 70%.
Remaining wall less than 70%.
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Other details such as, dents and mashing, slip area mechanical
damage, stress induced diameter variations, corrosion cuts and
gouges, specified on Table 24 ( Classification of Used Drill Pipe ) of
API RP 7G.
Drillpipe Upsets
Where the pipe joins the tooljoint, the pipe wall thickness is
increased or “upset”.
•This increased thickness is used to decrease the frequency of
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pipe failure at the point where the pipe meets the tool-joint.
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•The drill-pipe can have
• Internal upsets (IU), ( OD stays the same )
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• External upsets (EU), ( ID stays the same )
• Internal and External Upsets (IEU).
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Plain end Weight – Refers to the weight per foot of the pipe body.
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Nominal Weight - Refers to an obsolete standard. ( Weight of
Range I pipe with connections ) Is used today to refer a class of Drill
pipe.
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Adjusted Weight – Refers to the weight per foot of pipe including the
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upset but excluding the tool joint based on a length of 29.4 ft
Approximate Weight – The average weight per foot of pipe and tool
joints of Range II pipe. This approximate weight is the number to
use in Design calculations.
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Wt/ft =
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Wt DP Adjusted ×29.4 + Wt ToolJt Approx
29.4 +L ToolJtAdj
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( )
Wt Tool Jt Adj = 0 .222 × L D 2 − d 2 + 0 .167 × D 3 − D 3TE ( )
….(2)
− 0 .501× d ×(D − DTE )
2
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L= combined length of pin and box (in)
d= inside diameter of pin (in)
D= outside diameter of pin (in)
DTE= diameter of box at elevator upset (in)
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Data from Spec 7 Fig 6 Table 7
Exercise DP-01
Calculate the approximate weight of tool joint and drillpipe
assembly for 5 in OD, 19.5 lb/ft Drill Pipe having NC50 tool
joints with 6.625 in OD, 2.75 in ID and being internally-
externally upset. ( IEU ).
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Compare the value against the one published on Table 9 of API
RP7G.
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Tables 7API 5D and Table 7 of the Specification can be
found in handout # 1 of tables.
Table 9 of API RP7G can be found on handout # 2 of
tables.
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API RP 7G
• Table 1-3 New Pipe Data
• Table 4-5 Premium Pipe Data
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• Table 6-7 Class Two Pipe Data
• Table 8-9 Tool-joint Data
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• Table 10 Make-up Torque Data
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• Table 12 Connection interchangeability
• Table 24 Classification of used DP
Tool Joints
• All API tool joints have a minimum yield strength of 120,000 psi
regardless of the grade of the drill pipe they are used on (E, X,
G, S) .
• API sets tool joint torsional strength at minimum 80% of the
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tube torsional strength.
• Make up torque is determined by pin ID or box OD. The make
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up torque is 60% of the tool joint torsional capacity. The
equation for determining make up can be obtained from the
appendix of API RPG7. ( Numeral A.8.2 ). This equation is
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rather complex, so the API developed a series of charts to find
the recommended make up torque to any connection given the
tool jt OD of box and ID of pin. These charts can be found in
API RP 7G ( Figures 1 to 25 )
Exercise DP02
Using some tables (?) and some figures (?) of API RP7G
what should be the make up torque of NEW 19.5 ppf G105
and S135 drill pipe ?
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How do these values compare to the ones reported on
Table 10 ?
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Drillstring Connections
The most common thread style in drillpipe is NC
The thread has a V-shaped form and is identified by the pitch
diameter, measured at a point 5/8 inches from the shoulder
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Connection Number is Pitch dia*10 truncated to two digits
NC Drillstring Connections
• There are 17 NC’s in use : NC-10 (1 1/16”) through
NC-77 (7 3/4”)
• Typical sizes: NC 50 for tool joints with 6 1/2” OD for 5”
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pipe and NC 38 for 4 3/4” tool joints and 3 1/2” pipe.
• Seal is provided by shoulder not threads. A clearance
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exists between the crest of one thread and the root of the
mating thread
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• Use of Lead based dope vs Copper based dope for DCs.
Not for sealing but for lubrication, to help make-up and
prevent galling
Connection Interchangeability
NC 26 NC 31 NC 38 NC 40 NC46 NC50
Full Hole FH 4
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Extra XH 2-7/8 3-1/2 4-1/2 5
Hole
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Dbl DSL 3-1/2 4-1/2 5-1/2
Streamline
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Slim Hole SH 2-7/8 3-1/2 4 4-1/2
Ext Flush EF 4-1/2
Drill Collars
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Drill Collars
Description
They are heavy walled metal tubes
The ends are threaded (box and pin)
Functions
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To put weight on bit (WOB)
To keep the drill string from buckling
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Types
Comes in many OD and ID sizes
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Typically 4 ¾” to 9 ½” OD
Most commonly in lengths of 30-31 feet
Square collars where the holes tend to be crooked
Spiral collars where there is chance of getting stuck
Collars with elevator and slip recesses
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3. Drill straighter holes or vertical holes
4. Provide Pendulum effect
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5. Reduce dog legs, key seats and ledges
6. Improve the probabilities of getting casing in the hole.
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7. Increase bit performance
8. Reduce rough drilling, sticking and jumping
9. As a tool in fishing, testing, completing
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are used .
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2. In areas where differential
sticking is a possibility spiral drill
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collars and spiral HWDP should
be used in order to minimize
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contact area with the formation.
OD
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elevator slip
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Fish neck
recess recess I
connection
D
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Well# TRG 1 Bit # 1
Date: 28-Jul-03 Sl # 1234
Rig: IDPT Type atm 234
BHA#: 1 Manuf Hughes
Hole Size 26" Jets 20-20-20
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Item Sl # ID OD FN Pin Box Length Remarks
Bit 1234 26" 7 5/8" R 0.75 New
Bit Sub SL 235 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 7 5/8 R 1.01
9 1/2" Drill Collar 9546 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 0.67 7 5/8" R 7 5/8 R 8.96
Stab 237689 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 0.93 7 5/8" R 7 5/8 R 2.36
9 1/2" Drill Collar 9503 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 0.78 7 5/8" R 7 5/8 R 9.01
9 1/2" Drill Collar 9521 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 0.95 7 5/8" R 7 5/8 R 9.04
9 1/2" Drill Collar 9520 3 1/8" 9 1/2" 1.03 7 5/8" R 7 5/8 R 8.99
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3 1/4 1 - 1.5 22 - 26 7 1.5 - 4 84 - 125
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3 1/2 1 - 1.5 27 - 30 7 1/4 1.5 - 4 93 - 134
3 3/4 1 - 1.5 32 - 35 7.5 1.5 - 4 102 - 144
4 1 - 2.25 29 - 40 7.75 1.5 - 4 112 - 154
4 1/8 1 - 2.25 32 - 43 8 1.5 - 4 122 - 165
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4 1/4 1 - 2.25 35 - 46 8 1/4 1.5 - 4 133 - 176
4 1/2 1 - 2.25 41 - 51 8 1/2 1.5 - 4 150 - 187
4 3/4 1.5 - 2.5 44 - 54 9 1.5 - 4 174 - 210
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5 1.5 - 2.5 50 - 61 9 1/2 1.5 - 4 198 - 234
5 1/4 1.5 - 2.5 57 - 68 9 3/4 1.5 - 4 211 - 248
5 1/2 1.5 - 2.8125 60 - 75 10 1.5 - 4 225 - 261
5 3/4 1.5 - 3.25 60 - 82 11 1.5 - 4 281 - 317
6 1.5 - 3.25 68 - 90 12 1.5 - 4 342 - 379
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• The shoulder provide the only positive seal against fluid leakage
• The lubricant is Copper based dope
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• The connection is the weakest part of the entire BHA
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• The DC connections go through cycles of tension-compression
and are subject to bending stresses
• Improper M/U torque, improper or insufficient lubricant, galling
can all lead to connection failure
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• DP body bends easily and takes up the majority of the applied
bending stress, DP connections are therefore subjected to less
bending than the DP body.
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• DCs and other BHA components are however much stiffer than
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the DPs and much of the bending stresses are transferred to the
connections.
• These bending stresses can cause fatigue failure at the
connections Stress Relief Groove / Bore Back
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• Stress relief features should be specified on all BHA
connections NC-38 or larger.
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• Pin stress relief grooves are not recommended on
connections smaller than NC-38 because they may weaken
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the connection’s tensile and torsional strength.
• Bore Back boxes could be used on smaller connections.
• The Low-Torque face is to increase the compressive stress at
normal M/U torque above that of a regular face
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Lo-Torq Feature
•The low torque feature
consists in removing part of
the shoulder area of the pin
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and box.
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•This allows for lower make up
torque maintaining adequate
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shoulder loading.
•It is a common feature in
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large OD connections.
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• If DC make-up torque >Dp make-up torque you have no
routine problems.
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• BH Torque at any point should not exceed 80% of make-
up torque for the connections in the hole to avoid over
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tightening connections which can lead to damage of seals.
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is a percentage of the total
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torsional yield of the H-90 51.1% 56.2%
connection API NC 56.8% 62.5%
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Function
Used in transition zones between DC and DP
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This prevents the DP from buckling
Can be used in compression (?)
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Used for directional drilling
Used in place of DC sometimes (?)
To keep Drill Pipe in tension
Not to be used for Weight on Bit in normal
circumstances
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in the middle.
• It is used between standard Drill Pipe and Drill
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Collars to provide a smooth transition between
the different sections of the drillstring
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components.
• Tool-Joint and Rotary shouldered connection
just like DP
• HWDP, although stiffer than DP, can also
buckle
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• Manufacturers recommend not to run HWDP in compression
in hole sizes larger than 12 ¼”
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• Experience shows that they should not be run in
compression in Vertical Holes
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• If run in compression, rules of thumb are:
• TJOD + 6” > OH diameter
• 2 x TJOD > OH diameter
Agenda
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• Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP
III. Drill String Design
•
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Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
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• Drill Pipe Selection
• Buckling and max WOB
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• More weight available for WOB
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• Greatest stiffness to resist buckling and smooth directional tendencies
• Cyclical movement is restricted due to tighter Clearances
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• Usually Shortest BHA possible to
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• Reduce handling time at surface
• Minimize # of Connections in the hole
• Minimize total DC in contact with the wall for differential sticking
exposure
Weight
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• BHA Weight must be sufficient to account for hole
inclination
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• BHA Weight must be sufficient so that the neutral point of
axial loads is within the BHA – with a safety factor of 15%
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BHA Design
Drill Collar Weight & Neutral Point
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Tension
Max Available Wt
= 1.15
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Max Working Wt
Neutral
point
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Neutral Point (NP) to tension
Compression Design should be in drill collars
WOB
WOB
BHA Design
Procedure For Selecting Drill Collars:
1. Determine the buoyancy factor for the mud weight in use using
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the formula below:
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BF = 1- (MW/65.5)
where
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BF =Buoyancy Factor, dimensionless
MW =Mud weight in use, ppg
65.5 =Weight of a gallon of steel, ppg
BHA Design
2. Calculate the required collar length to achieve the desired weight
on bit:
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DC Length = 1.15* WOB / (BF*Wdc)
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where:
WOB=Desired weight on bit , lbf (x 1000)
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BF =Buoyancy Factor, dimensionless
W dc =Drill collar weight in air, lb/ft
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1.15 =15% safety factor.
The 15% safety factor ensures that the neutral point remains within
the collars when unforeseen forces (bounce, minor deviation and
hole friction) are present.
BHA Design
3. For directional wells:
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DC Length = DC Length Vertical / Cos I
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where: I= Well inclination
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Note that for horizontal wells drill collars are not normally used and
BHA selection is based entirely on the prevention of buckling
Exercise DP-03
Number And Size Of Drill Collars
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required to provide a weight-on-bit of 55,000 lbf assuming
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Hole deviation = 0°
Mud density = 12 ppg
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Stiffness
• The BHA must have sufficient Stiffness to stabilize the
BHA, optimize ROP and prevent the formation of Key
Seats, ledges and doglegs
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• The larger the DC, the stiffer the BHA
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• Stiffness Coefficient :
= Moment of Inertia x Young’s Modulus of Elasticity
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= л (OD4 – ID4) / 64 x 30.000.000
Exercise DP-04
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π (D4 − b4 )
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Z box 32 D
BSR = = Where:
Z pin π ( R − d )
4 4 Zbox = box section modulus
Zpin = pin section modulus
32 R
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D = Outside diameter of pin and box
b = thread root diameter of box threads at
(D4 − b4 ) . end of pin.
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R = Thread root diameter of pin threads ¾
Z box
= 4D 4
. of an inch from shoulder of pin.
BSR = . d= inside diameter or bore.
Z pin ( R − d )
R
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BSR in DC Connections
• A Connection is said to be balanced
if the BSR is 2.5
• When BSR is higher tend to see
pin failures
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• When BSR is lower tend to see
more box failures
• However, field experience has
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shown that:
• 8” Dc having BSR’s of 2.5
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usually fail in the box
• 4-3/4” DC having BSR as low as
1.8 very rarely fail in the box.
BSR in Connections
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This table is from T.H. Hill & Associates Inc. Standard DS-1.
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• Low RPM Hard Formations Large DC (10 in in 12-1/4 hole
2.5-3.2 (3.4 if using lo-torq connection)
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• Abrasive formations 2.5-3.0
• New DCs 2.75 – more wear resistant
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problem!!!
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• Pages 39-44 of Spec 7G
list the BSR of
Connections by OD and
ID of the collar l.c
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Stiffness Ratio
• The SR measures the stiffness of a connection in a transition between 2
types of pipe
• Based on field experience, in a transition
from one collar or pipe to another the SR
should not exceed
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• 5.5 for routine drilling
• 3.5 for severe or rough drilling
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( − IDlwr )
4 4
Z lwr ODupr ODlwr
SR = =
( )
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4
Z upr ODlwr ODupr − IDupr
4
Note: Stiffness ratios are calculated using tube ODs & IDs, not connections.
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• Buoyancy
• Safety factor
• Connection Selection
• BSR
• SR
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• Torque capability
• Stabilization and other directional requirements
Exercise DP-05
On Seeyoulater land rig we find the following collars:
9” OD x 3” ID – 6 5/8” FH connection
8” OD x 3” ID – 6 5/8” REG connection
6 ¼” OD x 2 ¼” ID – NC46 connection
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Given that we will drill a vertical 12 ¼” hole, with 9.5 ppg mud and 65000 pounds
in a relatively hard formations, what API collar would you recommend?
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What would your recommendation on BSR be for the connection chosen?
Check your recommended DCs with your recommended BSR
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What would be the SR between the DC and 5” DP be?
Is it acceptable?
If not what would you do?
What would be your final BHA? Length? Buoyed Weight?
Agenda
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• Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP
III. Drill String Design
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Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
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• Drill Pipe Selection
• Buckling and max WOB
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• Less pressure loss in the string
• More hydraulics available at the bit
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• The Drill Pipe selection must address the following:
• Drill Pipe must allow to drill to TD
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• Drill Pipe must support all weight below it (BHA+DP)
• Drill Pipe must provide Overpull capacity
• Drill Pipe must withstand slip crushing force
• Drill Pipe must resist burst and collapse loads
• Drill Pipe might have to work in H2S environment
Axial Loads
P
Working Strength
Tension Design
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The greatest tension (working
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load Pw) on the drillstring occurs
at the top joint at the maximum Drillpipe Ldp
drilled depth
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Drillcollars Ldc
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[
Tsurf = (Ldp ×W dp + Ldc ×W dc ) × BF ]
….(1)
Drillpipe
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Ld
p
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Ldp = length of Drill Pipe
Wdp = weight of Drill Pipe per unit length Drillcollars Ldc
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To prevent deformation damage to drillpipe, API recommends the use of
maximum allowable design load ( Pa)
Tmax = 0.9 x Tyield ….(2)
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Tmax = Max. allowable design load in tension , lb
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Tyield = theoretical yield strength from API tables , lb
0.9 = a constant relating proportional limit to yield strength
IPM Defines a tension Design factor of 1.1 be applied to design loads. These
accomplish the same thing.
Do not double dip!
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Margin of Overpull
Margin of overpull is nominally 50-100k, or in the limit of
the difference between the maximum allowable load less
the actual load
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Choice of MOP should consider
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• Overall drilling conditions
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• Hole drag
• Likelihood of getting stuck
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• Slip crushing
• Dynamic loading
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(maximum load that drillstring should be designed
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for)
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Class of pipe must be considered
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[ ]
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Tsurf = (Ldp ×W dp + Ldc ×W dc ) × BF
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….(1)
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3. Margin Of Overpull : Minimum tension force above
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expected working load to account for any drag or stuck pipe.
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the length of Drill Pipe
T yield ×0 .9 − MOP W dc
Ldp =
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W dp × BF
−
W dp
× Ldc ….(4)
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T yield ×0 .9 − MOP W dc
Ldp = − × Ldc
W dp × BF
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Exercise DP-06
• Drill Collars length : 600’ and weight in air is 150 lb/ft.
• MOP = 100,000 lbs.
• 5” / 19.5 lb/ft Premium G-105 DP with NC50 connections.
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Calculate the maximum hole depth that can be drilled ?
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Assume BF= 0.85
• Carry out calculations without MOP and with MOP of
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100,000 lb
• Use API - RP7G Tables for the values of Approximate
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Weight (Wdp) and for Minimum Yield Strength
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2
Hoop Stress S h DK DK
= 1+ +
Tensile Stress St 2 Ls 2 Ls
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D = Pipe OD (in) ; Ls = Slip length (in )
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K = 1 / tan( y + z ) ; y = Slip Taper (9ο 27 ' 45'' )
z = ArcTan( µ ) ; µ = coeff Friction (0.08 for dope )
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Horz to Tang Stress Ratio
Sh
PLoad = PAxial DP SLIP LENGTH
St TUBE 12 in 16 in
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2 3/8 1.25 1.18
2 7/8 1.31 1.22
3 1/2 1.39 1.28
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4 1.45 1.32
4 1/2 1.52 1.37
5 1.59 1.42
5 1/2 1.66 1.47
6 5/8 1.82 1.59
• You can only drill as far as you can set pipe in the slips.
• Different than overpull, this is based on working loads
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T yield × 0 . 9
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ST W dc
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L dp = − × L dc
W dp × BF W dp
Exercise DP-07
A drill string consists of 600 ft of 8 ¼ in x 2 13/16 in drill collars and
the rest is a 5 in, 19.5 lbm/ft Grade X95 drill pipe with NC50
connections. If the required MOP is 100,000 lb and mud weight
is 10 ppg, calculate:
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1) The maximum depth of hole that can be drilled when using (a)
new and (b) Premium Drill Pipe. (MOP only)
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2) What is the maximum depth that can be drilled taking into
consideration slip crushing force for (a) and (b) above? To what
hook-load does this correspond? What is the MOP in this case?
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Pt ×0 .9 − MOP W dc
Ldp = − × Ldc
W dp W dp
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• Step 2
• Drill collars and bottom drillpipe act as the weight
carried by top section…effectively the drill collar
• Apply the equation for top drill pipe last
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It is desired to have an MOP of 50000 lbs on the grade E pipe. The total
length and weight of DCs plus HWDP are 984 ft and 101,000 lb
respectively. MW at 15,000’ = 13.4 ppg.
Calculate :
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Max. length of E pipe that can be used.
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2. Length of G pipe to use.
3. MOP for the G and E pipe.
4. Max weight on slips for the G and E pipe.
Other Loads
• Collapse under Tension
• Burst
• Other loads not covered here
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• Shock Loads
• Bending Loads
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• Buckling Loads
• Torsion
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• Torsion with Simultaneous Tension
Biaxial Collapse
• The DP will collapse if:
External Pressure Load > Collapse pressure rating
• A Design factor of 1.15 is used:
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External Pressure Load < Collapse rating / 1.15
• When the string is in tension, the Collapse rating is further
de-rated:
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PBiaxial Collapse
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= K <1
PNonimal Collapse
Biaxial Collapse
• Collapse load is worst when For dry test work where pipe
is run in empty
PBiaxial Collapse 4 − 3Z 2 − Z
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=
PNo min al Collapse 2
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Load
Z=
0.7854(OD − ID ) * Yp Average
2 2
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• Note the use of the Average Yield Point not minimum
Biaxial Collapse
• For nominal Collapse
• Use D/t and correct formula Spec 7G Appendix A 3
• Use the results found in Table 3-6 RP-7G
• For OD and ID, use Table 1 RP-7G
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• For Avg Yp Use Table in section 12.8 RP 7G
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Grade YpAvg
E 85,000
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X 110,000
G 120,000
S 145,000
Exercise DP-10
• We are going to dry test a liner lap at 9,000 ft. We will run in
with a packer set in tension with 50,000 lb. We will run the
packer in on 5 in 19.5 #/ft Grade E premium grade DP. At the
time of the test there will be nothing inside the drill pipe. The
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annulus will have 12.0 ppg mud. What is the collapse load on
the bottom joint of DP?
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• New 5” Gr E 5” OD, 4.276” ID, Avg Yp= 85,000 psi
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DP-10
• Premium has 80% wall remaining
• Wall will be 0.8*(5-4.276)/2=0.2896
• ID will be 4.276”
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• OD will be 4.276+2*0.2896 =4.855”
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Load
Z= 2
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0.7854(OD − ID ) * Yp Average
2
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50,000
Z=
0.7854(4.855 − 4.276 ) * 85,000
2 2
Z = 0.1417
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DP -10
PBiaxial Collapse 4 − 3Z 2 − Z
=
PNo min al Collapse 2
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4 − 3 * 0.14167 − 0.14167 2
=
2
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PBiaxial Collapse
= 0.922
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PNo min al Collapse
DP-10
• Collapse load is 9,000*0.052*12= 5616 psi
• Design load is 5616*1.15= 6,458
• Derated collapse is 6489, so we are ok
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Collapse design factor is 6489/5616=1.16
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Burst
• Barlows formula applies
2 * Yp * t
PBurst =
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• Results are found in Spec 7G Table 3,5 & 7
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• Burst will occur if internal pressure load > burst rating
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• In the last example assume we are performing a DST test
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in the well at 9000 ft with BHP 200 psi less than the mud
wt. What is the burst DF on the top of the Premium Grade
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E
DP-11
• From last Example 5” 19.5# E Premium
• OD=5, Wall = 0.2896” Yp= 75,000
• Burst = 8688 psi
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• BHP= 12*0.052*9,000-200=5,416 psi
• P Surf= 5416-900=4516 psi
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• Design factor = 8688/4516=1.92
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• Overpull tensile design at surface
• Lengths of DP Sections
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• Burst Design Check
• Collapse under tension Design check
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Margin of OverPull MOP Desired excess tensile capacity
over an above the hanging weight of the string at Surface.
SLB MOP 50-100K
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Excess BHA Wt Dfbha Amount of BHA in terms of Wt in
excess of that used to drill to assure all Compressive and
torsional loads are kept in the Collars, SLB Dfbha is 1.15
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design limits to tool joint make-up there is an adequate
design factor built into the system
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Collapse DFc Tube is de-rated to account for Biaxial
Tensile reduction and a design factor of is used SLB DFc
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is 1.1-1.15
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Buckling DFB In Highly deviated wells it is possible to use
DP in compression, provided it is not buckled.
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Agenda
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• Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP
III. Drill String Design
•
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Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
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• Drill Pipe Selection
• Buckling and max WOB
Buoyancy
• Buoyancy is the weight of the displaced fluid
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• Buoyancy is creating a hydrostatic effect: the
Pressure-Area Force
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• The forces acting on a drillstring are the self-weight
and the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid
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• Buoyancy is creating a force acting at the bottom of
the drill string and placing the lower portion of the drill
string in compression and reducing the hook load by
HP x CSA
DP12 - Buoyancy
• We are running open ended DCs
9” x 3” – 192ppf
• The fluid in the well is 14 ppg
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• The depth is 10000 ft
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• What is the hook load with BF?
• What is the hook load with Pressure Area Force?
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load
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is said to be buckling
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• The tube may not necessarily be
yielded as buckling does not
necessarily occurs plastically
Neutral Points
• Neutral Point of Tension & Compression:
The point within a tube where the sum of the
axial forces are equal to zero
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• Neutral Point of Bending:
The point within a tube where the sum of
moments are equal to zero
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The point within a tube where the average of
the radial and tangential stress in the tube
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equals the axial stress
The point within a tube where the buoyed
weight of the tube hanging below that point
is equal to an applied force at its bottom
end
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Buckling
Neutral point of bending is H = WOB / buoyed weight per foot of string
• In vertical wells, buckling will occur only below the neutral point of
bending, hence the necessity to keep the buoyed weight of the BHA
exceeding the WOB
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• In deviated wells, buckling will not only occur below the neutral point
of bending but also above the neutral point of bending when the
compressive force in the drillstring exceeds a critical load
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(OD 4 − ID 4 ) * BF * (OD 2 − ID 2 ) * sin(α )
Fcrit = 1617
Dhole − ODtooljt
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Drillstring Design
Now you should be able to describe:
• Functions of Drill Pipe , Drill Collars and BHA selection
• Grades of Drill Pipe and strength properties
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• Thread types and tool joints
• Drill collar weight and neutral point
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• Bending Stress Ratios and Stiffness Ratios
• Margin of overpull – Slip crushing force
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• Basic design calculations based on depth to be drilled.
• Functions of stabilizers and roller reamers
• Critical Buckling force and Neutral Point of Bending