01drill Bits #1-Bit

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Introduction
Drilling bits selection is crucial to the performance of all drilling projects.
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Understanding the different types of bits and their respective applications is a pre-
requisite to bit selection.
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Holemaking involves not only the right bit in the right application but also running
it with the right operating parameters.
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Given that bit technology continues to improve at a rapid pace, well engineers
must stay abreast of the latest developments to ensure optimum bit selection.
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
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Bit Types
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Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Bit Types
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Natural Impregnated Roller Journal
TSP Diamond Bearing Bearing
Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Fixed Cutter Bit Types

Fixed cutter bits have NO MOVING PARTS!
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• No temperature concerns (grease & seals on RC)
• Watercourses: 2 basic configurations:
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¾Cross-pad flow and radial flow
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BUT Expensive (10 x rock bit)
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)
•Use artificially made diamonds Drill Bits
•Run successfully with downhole
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motors
Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
PDC bit: Elements

5
1
2 1. synthetic diamond cutters
2
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3 2. support structures for the
cutters
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4. diamond impregnated studs
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("impregs")
5. nozzles.
Steel / Tungsten Carbide

Bits and Holemaking Courtesy of
IPM
PDC bit: Body Material

• Steel body in one •Tungsten Carbide
piece matrix on steel shell
⇒ High precision ⇒ Erosion resistant
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⇒ simple repair
⇒ no weld
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Bits and Holemaking

IPM
PDC bit: Cutting Elements

19 mm
16 mm
13 mm
11 mm
8 mm
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BLADE
PDC CUTTER
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γ
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Natural Diamond
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Diamond Bit Profiles
Taper or Double cone Shallow cone Parabolic
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Soft formation=> => => => => Hard formation
(More diamond coverage)
Low ROP
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Diamond bit : Design
• Size and spacing of diamonds determines its use
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¾ Widely spaced diamonds : large pieces of soft sand and shale
¾
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Medium spacing of large diamonds: wide range of sand, shale , limestone
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¾ Smaller diamonds set in close pattern: hard formations
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Natural Diamond bit: Elements
• Natural Diamonds = hardest

mineral
• But brittle and Temp
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dependant
⇒ Fluid circulation important
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•
No cone , operates like a
single unit
Sensitive to shock and
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variation
Bits and Holemaking Courtesy of

IPM
TSP (Thermally Stable Polycrystalline)
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Cutting Elements - TSP
• TSP
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Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Impregnated Diamond
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Impregnated Diamond: Blades

• Formation: medium hard to
very hard, ABRASIVE!
Bit Blade Matrix
• Impregnated cutting
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element: “Segment”= small
synthetic diamonds (“grit”)
evenly
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carbide matrix
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• During furnacing the
Segments are bonded to the
Diamond Grit bit body
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Bits and Holemaking
IPM
ROLLER CONE
Drill Bits
Alternative Names
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
Rock Bit
Tri-Cone™ l.c
PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Basic Types Of Roller Cone Bits
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Tooth Bits Insert Bits
Carbide Bits orButton Bits
Steel Tooth Bits or Mill Tooth Bits
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Roller Cone Components

Nose Cone #1
Cone #3
Gage Row Inner Row
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Heel Row
Cone #2
Shirttail
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Bit Bowl Nozzle, Pod & Socket
Pin Bit Body
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Roller Cone Bearing Systems

Main Bearings Retention Bearings Seals
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Roller Journal
Bearing Bearing
Bit Bit
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Bits and Holemaking

IPM
The Bearings
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Bits and Holemaking Courtesy of Reed-Hycalog

IPM
Roller Cone bit - Roller Bearing
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Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Roller cone bit – Journal Bearing
Main Bearing
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Retention Bearing
Thrust Bearing
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Pin Bearing
Roller cone bits: Nozzles
SHROUDED
TYPE
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STANDARD
TYPE
Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Mill Tooth Bits
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Cutting Elements – Mill Tooth

• Teeth and Hardfacing
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Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Insert Bits
Drill Bits
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Fixed Roller
Cutter Cone
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PDC Diamond
Mill
Tooth
Insert
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Diamond
Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
Cutting Elements - Insert

• Tungsten Carbide Inserts
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Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM
TC Inserts
Hard Formation Bits Soft Formation Bits
36º 33º
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•Thinner Cutter Shells •Thicker Cutter Shells
•Thicker Lug Sections •Thinner Lug Sections
•Less Gage Scraping •More Gage Scraping
•High WOB l.c •Moderate WOB
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Bits and Holemaking

IPM
Drilling Mechanisms vs Bit Type
Scraping Mill Tooth
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Chipping and Crushing Insert
Shearing PDC
Ploughing
Grinding
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Impregnated Diamond
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Courtesy of
Bits and Holemaking
IPM

01drill Bits #1-Bit

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https://oil-com.blogspot.

Bits and Holemaking

Bits and Holemaking

Fixed Cutter Bit Types

PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact)

•Use artificially made diamonds Drill Bits

•Run successfully with downhole

PDC bit: Elements

l.c 3. gauge protection inserts

Steel / Tungsten Carbide

PDC bit: Body Material

Bits and Holemaking

PDC bit: Cutting Elements

Diamond Bit Profiles

Taper or Double cone Shallow cone Parabolic

Bits and Holemaking

Diamond bit : Design

• Size and spacing of diamonds determines its use

Bits and Holemaking

Natural Diamond bit: Elements

• Natural Diamonds = hardest

Bits and Holemaking Courtesy of

TSP (Thermally Stable Polycrystalline)

Cutting Elements - TSP

Impregnated Diamond: Blades

l.c • Distributed in a tungsten

Basic Types Of Roller Cone Bits

Bits and Holemaking

Roller Cone Components

Pin Bit Body

Bits and Holemaking

Roller Cone Bearing Systems

Bits and Holemaking

Bits and Holemaking Courtesy of Reed-Hycalog

Roller Cone bit - Roller Bearing

Roller cone bit – Journal Bearing

Roller cone bits: Nozzles

Bits and Holemaking

Mill Tooth Bits

Cutting Elements – Mill Tooth

Cutting Elements - Insert

Bits and Holemaking

Drilling Mechanisms vs Bit Type

Scraping Mill Tooth

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