CohvenTreka Sep fiecess Dist:llaien

Exfraction (saS/s2L)
Mass Tresf
Ne Sepa fa fien Precess es oam Sep
Zone melting
te
Sep ete
Cryegenic Sep",
Mem brane Sep Ce X

In aSep" Tecess, te carT toih a wx end up tojth t

east 2 different sircams.
A Sep" Trocess is a process that S-epaaA a Fecd sTr.
IMlo pred sreams toth ea eh phoe. sfrea bcing oliff fre
ea ch ofher

Fead Sr. frod s

Sep - frod St 2

wwx Iva Cop

mig Conp t1S acast
is hord
Cep
Cep
Sep
is eaty
hard
Settling .Bosed S a diff in
Filtaren Based on size eb porteles Gor vorious phasas

CeuTrfugahe Besed ew df "g" R cenfnfugnl ferte

that depends on maus aa lhar faclors

Screeig Based e sie e parteks (for colid ixf. only

9? Whof is esh size
pre ssien(ailling Rolls)Used to sgueeze ef mofenal frew
fead ed h oltnclion)
Thefecd s i of colid & y.
is invelved at is ured
Was uwg &eochug-4- A colest
te.ov of solub moferials.
 hecipifafio hvoles adeiti of che Feocla

-Evaperaf en fed may be a sol or sluny.k ced add

Cu See wahner Gke selar
-Crystall 5ahen Based n Solobilit
Adsotplien hvelves an adsorbate odsorbent

Drying
Drying Siilar te evape raien bd t diff.is ihe
exTent o bent Cguudl toved
Th puupeke oevapora Tion 1s To ihcrease The oueh
He Subs Tan ce whureas dryivng asTu
purpose
Fuuovig the mecisTure ( crfonl poi
guila)
Bew ddry s h one witl o oigTsure

Fecd Str. 192 oe

Separafie ro
device Prool 2
Separafic facTerThis fene oires tu dagpes separm
That cav be obteinad by a separaln
proceA
mle c.
sTr

toe cho ge ok fta ei. 7o uass fraecn

Th Sep. fact. torl emoi ahd
To olar floto
we Changs aolefrel.
0@pt temai Soe
Th Sep al dnent clonas ehauge
h o frac. f oftar siilar wa.

f1 o ceparation h thkan placa. T ho davaton

dvnelom
rr 1 14 ict/kgher th epoil be
fer engiol ep. h j wwt be cigicou dff tor
 CaTegohzaliou os Sep Pocosse
-O Meconicalv/s diffuonal pro Ceyses
(Basedn type e6 fud)
Mechanical stohen the feeai hleropcnsolus
Diffusie tulum hoogeneets eed

E y lbrabe v Ra goveraing
Basul on uubh un Baseo ch he ral
tronsferob 1 sptcies
Tootgh esia ant malenal

LEne Separaling cgeut vs mays Separa ina agcn

Baveo on/1wrore s e e r
wrolve ur
Tseparoing age Species rar sep"
Ne erg Ne P
ClassiicficoLion is oli he alego h'za ion

Mesh ne nuber oheles per ear ihch

Clhssificaien Sep Process batecd_e Meckanuc by

Ho Sep b Creatio oa2 phase
phase
Feed
phase 2

2hd
adoltie o phase
a Sep by a

Strea
Fecd
AdAcd STrea 2
pha

S p bg Lig a
batrer
Feed Strea
boirer
Steam 2
 act ihort Catrier
Olure dutivq solid partieles hal as

Fead

Bed adobent coruucus preces

(trmpd porteks
reaw 1
Stream 2

Feecd

bate preus

advevbrut
(traps strea 1)

by agplicain of exfermal fields ob dfferent types

-Sep
Phau
Fecd Ferce field gedest
Phau 2

reduction Hbe Assigmuul

Ge thrcugl Cane Sugar
chld be tortrd:
Al tLase proteues
Waslng
Mlig
arificater
Evnpornicu
Stli-g
Filtetieu
Ceutnkupelioy
Sucting
Expreguio
recpilabe
Crysfallizabon
Adscrplien
Drythgk hae
Crys tallisaticn
Ste mqe& fruspert u taver also shulb Cfe u higlur frr
Selid Cryslals as
tohpored To Seluticns
We nucve Tavnrds spersatvntion in order T erysTallese.

Crystallisaten can be Cattred out fenp. clase to anbient,

at T
and Hhee alloto E ccel doto
(We lheat to remeve te Lorter
tecu femp)
Enfhalpy o Viapot SalicH
Enthale erystalli'salion
Exaples cone" et fruit juices
feeze
desalinati c ot Sea aler
matenals
ecovery of valtable
hd.
prod. ot atirials fer
ue

chfallise tu sstr out,ie,

O&. ln O,
Netice eliff it. But, in oe
ite k Separating
fh y b t c d
as

li nlir. ey
as

selid salt c t o t
Crystall se t
tach otar.
beth alnost epposil ef
Ipertat Tems AC c- c*
Degee eSpertatirnbe
h e C- sel"
cone o Saunlio
eguile one
Ths is qpuvalut Te
the drVTL
forte fer Cnystallisatie
force
Always tiyber Rale Driviug
Resistanee

Hes e hydrmli
Mas e aukylrat R
Mact eb selvent
Sel Couch Haus o Selveut
Mats e Salt
OR
Maus o 9eliutien

H fact
tot tiug
valuu given fecs
ou

Whil wig tu
Saie tu
wu coarry t
 Supertafuraliey Ratio ()
Relat Superatirat.cu (y) sc

9)At 293 K, a Supersa. Sol surese has 24 k

SucroAt kq attr. f Hu ilSal eoue" is 204 ka
SuctoA / kq tsaler, Cale Spersat mtie
CoHC iu walt
By aktg kSucreae/ ka
Talqcoe kg Sucroxe/ ke sol'.
for S
Taig C

S 2.4
2 O4

Tki C 24 k so 34 leg s

3.4S

2.04 la su3.04 hto

2-04
3-04

2 u 3.04
3.45 2-b
06

- Crahl Yeld
Bad Haterial balauce Co frSfed)
luput+Geuaatieu = Dlhut + acciydlatieyt eonsuplien

Salt 2 S.lyeuti.e, 2 cop.

For a ol"
2 Ccuponcul malural
balance eey
Hat. balante selu)
R-1) wE
R

we, ,iwtal
wrtee, wes of sclvetin cel7 Liguor.
W fiual nas Se lvet 1 lapor.
y icld ot erystals
R Ratie mel. t ohyiali t. nel. iut ot anlydrs
Salt
t nas eb
E Ratie c a s oselv. vepetatad
Selv. e te iitial sol

.'. Mat. balanet (selub)

W,e, U,C +
tuslure, C, iuikoal eonc R Cipor /Se
"

C2 fial teuc of liqwer/ eol

The e are
he sae

We get RW, G(1-)

1-C2(R-1)
onler ol hyelrrtiou is O.
t case sdhen
R-l b
hevrporaliey talees place.
ttu Cae
-E-O
be cbtatnecdby
tuc. yjeld of eryslals dat nay
)ale. t lOoO eg o
SedinSelplut
Sodi Seelplut in
a sel" houing
eeelig
Ccelitg a
223K
wnlir t
Soco leg o cdecahyolrte. 2
crystals Lill totuis oh
T depe sited
Lelir sill be lesl durin cee rng
teolriq
+32+ 4 142
al k
Na, SO 322
142 120
o H,o tof
Ne, CO
322 2 262
R
T4 2

Selubilt l Na,SO, at 283 K k auldws /lco ky onti

E 0.02
CC 1000 k tol So00 kq wruzr
Curelar
O.2 kg
colu
1.2 hg sole kg s
Sol turalr
O.09 ka tolu/ ez vnlir
Co
C (00 kq
I01 ha sela / ka colM

c 2-248 5ooo O.2 0.091-0. o2)

0.01 (2.249-1)
O.2 0.0882
O . 11 4)2

O.126 2

2268 So0o x O.1262

43 1.1 2

SelubiLty ut e solet inin solulion daperline eu

tiu fep
a be ke te
Selubilty Curve
(Supersat by oeling)
Na SO, Casfal seten
Conc
Ca be L:ke tis
for the
types et
Tep eurves Sipersat" by
wapetmte
preferte)
: Coumon Salt
r s selabiby
amest flat so teceliua4
doeu'E ork.

A se Sediwn Nilrk CkaNo,)iin N,o at 46°c has

9 N aNOg by tt. Cale
s a t o tus sol
t. ob Na ND Hat may be Cya lallgeel ftou Ipoo kg ese
bty teeling it fe loc
yeld ol H pro cess.
AAMt eal dala Sel. ofaNo, at 4o c= St.4 7 by ut.
toc44 S7 b w
 (00 4 (00 45-331
Sl-4

RU GD7
T-GG(R-1)
eAsded (Grtitalernd
C 41 by T balan o rosleod
C
w, SIo k H,C
Per 1000 k So/
Iitial 40 k selutin lo00 ka

SIo selvent

lSSS?se1 H o
S
1o0

a18.92
So lute 408.12 k l

Dif.
Dif italfi
21-08 k

inibal 490

- wWoys fo obtauuSupersatuation
Fo Evaperalion
- ooliua
-Evaporelion k cooliug both (adickote 2unp)
peipitatiom by odding ouother subsfance
Salbing
hse ls
Also chpsfallses CO be elhuufied along
22 Loke i industrial tystallso
- Fruze Cystallsaticy
iustead ob thu solet
.tstls s e l r u t gst ferued,
.Depeuding on te proces Hu Selvent Crys tals n a beft inal
produce ot tu oncantrattd nution alse be final proks
Bot cau le the producs.
'Prodcek CoHc iapLor
Soleut separmtid ( ltd)

Enthalpy otrystall.iatien iea 334 kT/h

Euttot vepei satic el uatr 22co kT/ta
Ts, u yr t o t p ion ueh u e us if tu prects
proCes
e z e chystallisalien s uued
Bu, tu machunuty nuded to treat freez ing tonoli tians
very
ver tostly. 7i o urhy frere crystllsation n t alusaugs wd.
e
Boilig foh
aeferasl to w
w freeze
sab kar olunae.
cryall'ration hu
ouating ill caust duatanng o produet
un we hed T peure t flauretus.

lups ot freeze CrysTallisalio Procees

rocans
Olndirct tontaet eezin
Direct Culact rezing
Vacuuun pezing
O, ho tautact b9elute&coolig (hat xecaung)
, Lontact b/r bofh compenb
,Pruwe u rdud
 leseol
Siuilar t heat txchonger
proCess

ucle mng
tlure s an ksue, as fena
lotres ckyslals fern
But the uat trahsfer.
shck to alls asnd terioral
"Seraped Suacehaat
Tucs, to vercoe
blacey wsi ch scrape o t any eryslals
rcheger, lue are
along tl
Loall. T Llaoles are no
vt
Hha sCick t. t
r tiub.
involved. l nart
so
a
are
e
inmiscible ebr9erunb
In , int
to enue easy sepotaion.
tht o Rx" occu & inumiscib
e
Seawir + n-butane desalinati on)
Look hore into his

done here Pesure uen'E be Oi.e,

In Flash evapohabien is ob
tiael, pr is set oleptuding on qualty
ul vaccuum.

ftu final product.

Freeze Grindung
Tis ic invelved ih size rductou ob plastes, Frbbr, trax

nl freatid textis.
te duform etur ttan
tkan break
T tu tduty o such matiriaL is
ahotmal femperlres
On freezing, cralal lattice shrnks
wwchos copic Cracks levelop
Crack Propoqaluo

ltust be hotd hat earnH ftierenE cyelo on opzol far.

Se that urgy elsasuol
fro i proce
0upig Cor Tenprerabesi vey hard
-Freaze Drying (yophilisatien)
lgephilsr is quipent d
tha

tuveo for haat seuie malunals.

Onelera toutrollol wircnmet Cset tenp
R preswe hat
hust be Suppli.d t sublimali te Cystals ferued.
asol"

Supply haat ok cablimal

tnystals of
ice
1E is a Chyogenic uthod Separntie
Teupehab iqvelved o'c

Drying TLme Savmple Hicknei«)

Kasous o huat te fr sublua en ehsngp Inthaey
selid (dry sold
Tenp. diferen es voled (4T) eu ecpored
cHor tods tuud fer dtyg
Cdbiving fer s )
Capillar actou, instacl
z e drjig, ho tiquicd fleur dus f
vnfur diftusen fhave.

f LeCompare fheze dryh lo vncu drytug

u
duyg dou't ed t
Supply ay entalpy o
vaperiga e9lolinale lss nsg uno
it eauses t Sal6/
But VaCku drua, vapear gets otul
dcelrnd iural t be ecctuulallol a 1 Sarface,lsadig t
olfertnc i Coe". Tu sbape ay alo changt.
lfure dryig os fa crslals urepeiali/stLliwake hay kup
wuer co cfrongluoul aud nve bebuing peretus Surtace
fraedryi doeut aus any tupnes harteuig kein .
 Applicati cve ef freaze drgig
oKenon neic fare /dring Senpeod, veqetlla, yharmnciubl
bielagicol natrinkste
92)Leck ita that/heur yrphiliser works

- Foam
Separation (-Alsle Sep
Eadserpt re bullle eparticn,ts aderblk
crdar t create bbblas r t adol Sfaclauls or pass a ga,

What u differeuce bfr gas- ig odiipersion 4/ feau

euly fered trln Surtactab ase iuuolvecl. Fea
o

foam
a
Lallan struete tere a no. ot buldols an o u clo
Coas chiol
tunIh Seu jctie, 7 auella s very fun ttuu juncion
Ttce ad ajehily ot Liguid flocr oCceus hurt
hirt

2s-Lp disperiem is suc tat yeSee disceli bubbl

structurt
he turi forn
Foam Seporatcr eoniis ct ely phypical change
feou braking
pecre o iutvet
fea selutio cowkivis Cur

Cg qolad)
Surteretat

Cprekmbay M) t
Sep at tha Ptrue ey Sep t
Aclrantage o fedum seP odiffxuct. kis u be cawst
very hih at lo cHc
e Sturace actr o t Cost funti.
dupends
Coaidered.
Wandr fors
Walls a
1ue.
- Suclion prsue ol
alo bê uelorel wig aienc /atpic
Sou latnic rus o
Sutachanbs).
.Fer feaun breaseng e a-feam.
 We haUe tu toducthnty deuring prees.Wheen Hre 6 a
Sizeabe olffereuce e siply Sepamt H fean ad Ten

ur-Tur precess
Foam stabibtyu nd a slalle
abeut s-epatatim .
foaun before ca Tteik
facters chnical hatue & CouC ob eotupohsns
ecraunie Substances gve stable fhnm)
upernlut of opereilicn.fwt iuCRas t
Teup. en feaun breakiq uTIoccur.
Bubb& Size A biggar laalla Can break tajkr

Gbigper ize iLnol

Reeuce o anli fea
Foam Separalon oks beler for Supensies a ofturs

Super Criticaloid Extraction

Gene ral phase diagtaau
Peint Trpl peint
Selid Triple Peiut is aluas a

frd paink uith dopao

e Gibb's phau rulu

ephalisate takes place i t O-1 ie

foint : Citeal Poiut

The Critica poit is tu lat
-

poiut beyend ulieh t

Cutve doew't extesd.
At cibeal peit, Hu lig, k qas toexist.
- beyoud 1ha pit hure a uk e gas& lig hat
Creng aund is talucd SuperciGsal ligpud.
Mottly supereibial fluid oxhackow Co, is wed
For CO : T 304. 2 k

Pe 73 S3 bar
is l tu supcrcitcal
te Solrent tat toe use
In this ptrocess
pha. Seliolhermal

(SLE SLd Liquud Extract Specie eb iulirest in

kka)
Liguid tolvent wed.) (g:
Exfraet.ou, Specie ot intecst in yaid
CLUE Liquiel iouid
Qnotlur nermal ligpciel
telvent is used. )

esd to do furtiur
extracton ( seporat
SLE & LUE, ue
i6.
t Selvent Hat odselos
precess tget
pure Specte fro
ii i
at kigh presure
4 t Supercritenl selvent, like Co it fanms lo a
eduu th preisiure
Luix phase btutif we

thule leavn belid specie o nlerest

hermal gas
D
Diffsivity gas 4D
SCF 2D

TTua advantage ot tuing seF is hat tu fmal sep" eccurs

e Hessure.
by urely ohanging Colna br.t
f Coues changes aletg e
.
f we
cousider diei llatien,
it s ixed tt fus
hot get ahy pe Specie,
te do the pure speeie by Siply
Le Can get
Bat,iSCFS/sc FE
aApulating the phessur

SCF Lat ve take advartage

fake advantage
Main propertyot
henal selveu

SsF uermal sel veiut

higl i ta suste. S fthe Specie

SF
The presstue is very 1o higt
CF Hun it is Trappred deu
of ilarestE eatirs t
isu't allosved to ecape. The SF will enlir i
presure tud iluest
iirst tal spaces aud
Take aucay specie ob
DisadraunTag es
-Very costly as Special qupmuul is hesded f xfre tonod".

- 1f purit prdaet is e prie Coh ceors tian

theh ak a
Couphomile o tost .
At igust
prs bues tal xtrmeticn
Fraetiaton
(Sper Citcal flid)
Gitial
odce donaaten
Weour criGcal
exira ctim
Solubilty
selecteity Tripl
T

A t igtuy pressues, Ttal ilmctiou, i.e, al tu Species

ill be xfncid.
Near f cribaecl ecudits, dodehzatou, ie, h specis
preclating ders ase txlracld.
tuere

T seketiity factor eches t t play shun ur are

ultpu Species but t e ned te 9el . At dff pres
Can
ge di. Cenpenent oR atr dorg total Hun
sht med. Sepamte o ,

.Ciitatou o SFE is tht tupierent equilibrin daa

Is not wailab.
(Lace ot data to very hard
(Thus e mid to prpare our Otu dala set, very feolious
Exanpus fr SFE Ciwelving Co)co)
o De caffeinaton Coffe
Sep" owcotin frem to bacco
Sepob Capsaici tres chilLes
Sepo o fe uutuq, ate,
o t a r selvesti ter SFE toih Te &Pe
 o Pfee wsmap
YY Leeking int Decaenalion

C192 Pfena
Zone Melting. liguid zo
Sebiol ILLILI
Teelid
Zone Healur

anel toe
qet a purlg lovel ot
I f tue do 4-passes epectadly
im 1D pturilias prLeu.
Huismuhod fe prasolute
Cehuauiau 6hugk pcunlg
Pfaun td
have differeut charnchrst
Sep ik bettr if selid liquid phass
Ts glaus (hih i sapertecud Ligpid) leh '
eg e Tny o

tdcew t Cwom.

This process involres pealid ultg selidfoate &

Soe ofhur ralnals fe tich tuis is usel

Ho,, T7, g,fe, te.
Zon uellingsa proceys ttat pteducas a luiferm olthbuhou
puurily 7heegetdt The mupa /1igot.
OR
Addad Subs

Tep Gradient Zon Meltinga tetup: gumaliet iiajitaisd

acrss f Saupli

|Zet Precziniwelrts paisage a Seliol zou reugh a

guiel phue.
Zons slting
Zohs invelres a fonaly ot Teclnigpus thal has dueloped
DRt cfOhu phart thraek anotur
t Coutept 6 koviy
ain Targal i puriicalion .
2o hug

All ttlze toncupt Solid-Leuid *guilbncum. (Thsig

Somufhingke li-ap yuil thal ura Tauht by P.Akuya si i CET. (T grp)
 pro dd
foamelars ofedivg Hhe purly o
T
Z e n travel r t
Sakpleecey onenfalie

ug& spacing
Stiting in 2one
pese
is nermally enotugh)
Ne. 2ons passes
(S-6 2ou

sholole
Fsr max. puriicalion sheld e nored sloty, anple
sthined and
unghs ong, ult stould be
ore zonl
ma
should be hmade Com tainersbe borosilicali
Can qans,
yes
fazed silta gradey lut1
htfals/pelyprs er

What halanal is pickuol dpends

on cdnt ve Laut t peaff.
t otder to tae 2out elting
) T selid & lip plhases shaldt han Sihilar charaekriskes
) The ig phak shecllnt len high vap preywre
coutainurs
lan taking halunial er
)Helals sLouldut Coutaminalt Sanpl
sheuldat dperm tuud1r higl tonp.
Pe Luynes
solel phase
CGicient kpiíg
conc i
bDistibutien inupunil coue" ju li phase (istang
(K<D
eselidified olten selid eharg

A m a cohe oupanilg

Ccne

Dishuee alag L Sampl

Read k Pfann eq
-C- C1- k) p(
Sep"fr siugle kc(1- x)k-)
pals
"xc of escldified part

Wly isa't 2o heltvq popular

MultcomponenT Distllation
Distllati it a sep precess bas«d cn velatitl oitference.
Ve laicty fCip- pres i s Synbelblhtlfy
Relain elatl i t y = (if a e , tn ho 3eparation Tako phce

e t ze Vpaur - Lipaud Equalibrium dala.

Batch ols Gilatio

111
piir
Lulendy stalc
toclitg
atr

Saple Vapeur Sawp

If that fa diffrrat tus Le.qt cli ferent vpewr

Sanplas,i.e, unsiady slalk.

tonduser
Conlmiors dust. couumn
11
Can thus achiee
reux
vap stream asfeady state
Fexd
Cli)
Dest.
oun reboilur
Reide botou)
Raoults Low
Dalton's Laus PAaP
Tetal

For boilng T fake ploce At eal

.Phaxe Rule def )= 1
(7,
T as firesl
Ths, cemapavdiug F 1
*F1
Far a urtain , T&y i ied.
T 1,x, dala is
very pertant poricudsrly k .
gantrmlly
(No T howm asit
autonatcally id

A
. T solue matkan.ahally
LWe CQn wn& Mass balance eg
overall was elahee
r ersy plalz /frny otent mas balan
For vty topo nut|als ane e
e Ca unt Bury belanc
bvenll euthalpy blanct

f r fer erery plat /trzy nthalpy balaince

VLE data dpends o ,T.
d'stuaioy o ualy 1Sobaie
B.t,
Thuas, T teek
Pha rul, f:l.
UMg
UMn x, olata
SysTen
Sybon I

end t be
Ne subscript es itk
T couponint
iuho o h o r t Velnth

is of
T u dictanc cur from 4 Lie a hostrt

Felatir velalGty
b e l l separnlie
fh Curvt is farur hun is higher
If belt sparakaau Syuten, I)
ie, Syste
Bruary &Maltcomponint Sys fe
A*B. Ou ti be h o r e
la Binarg SysTem, Tro Conpehun
Itspectv et whel part of colus t e
velati than ottar olali k
cOLvHder the orn velatu compohtrt is huore

tuugbheu
ele Buulkcampen Coupohsnt caubeadjasid te le

wot Velati h tonparo Te e TLs i q/veh ecticy ob

a

ku volatk Coupared otls

cobumn aud it coulel be
ecten ob counn
a different i clor at egui lbnam
Distbutieu factor K i conpesitie c6 toupenst
CerVLE 1 mp-phaie ot aqurl.

t
Kault's B& Daltes
Uing dotan'C give perfect
Sat
k data oleny
P tetrd

Racull' La is vald Buly for ies sysfen ucTue, i.e,

Siwler tepe o Copevunto t olesso lred
AE high /very ugl presgues k fectovs kay hetnry nvealy
tt.ptl du te Coupreubil/y eees
Sat
Pranes wi femperalure
CAnteine Eq" relats tenp Vop. Pres
A -B
T+C

-Distri buten corlfieeut ii tenperalve depeudut

Ki fCT). Whw toe take rtie, it i veny LH dpondut
e Teu.perata.
sat
P
K t

Condunsaticn
DistUaten E Reptald boiling
Bubble poit
D e r poi
Ne N
k Xi compevn

GGives B. PE

Bubble pt. beiling pt

CVneally fud inln phay
 hax
vap conuposil f
o

Fid te bubble pt. &

corttsperelng
33 Meol Hoxat
Bubble Pe. Cale
37 mol n - Heptant
30 l n-Octane

pfatl 2 atm
Autetu Crut B
2617.SS -49.78
uxas Is 8366
- S%. SI
29/.32
h-huplan I3737
IS-1426 3/20.21 -l3.43
h-oclaw

P B
A- THC
m g

T beiling Pes g-7C

heptae 984'C
Ootane 2s C

Fer eraten T aujLumol q8 C

haut 7-46
174S.174S.
put
2 2
216 af

eptan 6.616 4
747.27 g7 o.1932
oclas
79

3 27.348 o.4307

R 114

p 819
K 0 3S 1.86S

0.717C
h 0424 03473
h . O14
For iterahen olt uuo 7C
hor22377 hup ,7 47
Papt 0.417 a
.For tu De poiut Cale
(lstally fead i veprur phast)
N. Ne

L k
1

9)Fid L Da pt l plhas Cop For a UX

kyat, pfone oclans as PEviou , at 1.2 atn

Tku i kou fi)

Fer st ireralicn T-97 C370K

2.2377 a

ha 9547
P. 0.4167 T

.96S

=0.7AS

D.3473
-Dist lation Coluwn Deaigh
We fint uud t. keifhe hd prdleuet,

Brucy System culy

Asstthud n deurd sep
-Cloe3e a eflu mue
Gret the nunber rb rays
(abeve / belos e fud pleak

ReH Rabe (R)

f te teflux the t n sTrea a L than R- o

Ths b7stal reflor conditieu, shicd hedls lnast taus. ( a

trays

Fchtber f, e sabseript tlan

mur Yolat le

f fo Tofal elax, e get no

predect ootput bl i6 le

is tLat it gives w fhe unue . oplatis Fegard.