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NEW EUROPEAN PDH COMPLEX BOREALIS

PROJECT

SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

B-HSE-002

DESCRIPTION DES RÉVISIONS

REVISION DESCRIPTION

Distribution contrôlée
Controlled distribution

Distribution non contrôlée

Not controlled distribution

00 23/11/2021 M. FUMAROLA S. DUGO A. SGARBOSSA

REV. DATE EDITED CHECKED APPROVED

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Table of Contents

1 SCOPE 3
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 3
3 DEFINITION 3
4 GENERAL PèRINCIPLES 5
5 RISK 5
6 INSTRUCTION IN CASE OF ACCIDENT 6
7 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 12

ATTACHMENT
WARNING SCHEME
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1) SCOPE

This procedure is issued to give instruction to all type of Incident involving Ionizing Radiation to Btest Srl
Personnel.

The term incident means any conditions of damage, malfunction. and loss of immediate control of the radiation
source, lost ionizing radiation producing equipment or radioactive material; or radiation exposures (or potential
of radiation exposure) to radiation workers and/or members of the general public in excess of permissible limits.

2) REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.

 International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA

 Current Belgian legislation governing the Industrial use of Ionizing Radiation
 Labor Regulation (CODEX)
 Health Regulation (ARAB)
 Arrêté royal du 1er mars 2018 portant fixation du plan d'urgence nucléaire et radiologique pour le territoire
belge.
 Internal BTEST Procedure.

3) DEFINITION

Radiographer
Are those individuals who have been authorized to use, handle, transport or store ionizing radiation producing
equipment and radioactive sources.
Personnel appointed as Radiographer shall be certified as RT Level II as per Inspection & Testing Company.
Personnel Qualification Procedure.
Radiographer shall be required to demonstrate the use of radiographic exposure devices, scaled source, related
handling tools and radiation monitoring devices.

Assistant Radiographer
Personnel appointed as Assistant Radiographer shall be certified as RT Level I as per Inspection & Testing
Company, Personnel Qualification Procedure.
Assistant Radiographer shall be required to demonstrate to use radiographic exposure devices, sealed source,
handling tools, and radiation monitoring devices.

Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) can also be referred to as RPO

A person technically competent in Radiation Protection matters relevant for a given type of Regulated Activity
with Regulated Material who is designated by the Licensee to oversee the application of relevant requirements
established in this regulation.

Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS)

The RPS, shall ensure compliance with the Arrangements made by the Radiation Employer under the
Regulation, in particular Supervising the arrangements set out in according to The Belgians Rules.

Radiation Protection Expert (RPE)

Means an individual or, if provided for in the national legislation, a group of individuals having the knowledge,
training and experience needed to give radiation protection advice in order to ensure the effective protection of
individuals, and whose competence in this respect is recognised by the competent authority

ALARA
ALARA is an acronym for "as low as (is) reasonably achievable," which means making every reasonable effort
to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limits as practical, consistent with the purpose
for which the licensed activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of technology, the economics of
improvements in relation to state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the
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public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to utilization of
nuclear energy and licensed materials in the public interest.

Isotope
Iridium or Selenium used in the Industrial Radiography

Isotope Container
Means an assembly of components intended to guarantee the containment of a sealed source, where it is not an
integral part of the source but is meant for shielding the source during its transport and handling.

Emergency
Means a non-routine situation or event involving a radiation source that necessitates prompt action to mitigate
serious adverse consequences for human health and safety, quality of life, property or the environment, or a
hazard that could give rise to such serious adverse consequences.

AFCN
Agence fédérale de Contrôle nucléaire (AFCN)

Emergency Intervention Team

Team with knowledge about radiation Safety, construction and operational details of the Isotope containers and
possible solutions.

ADR
European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road.

Controlled Area
Area Barriered of to a maximum of 10µSv/H for the Public.

Ionising Radiation.
Means energy transferred in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves of a wavelength of 100 nanometres
or less (a frequency of 3 × 1015 hertz or more) capable of producing ions directly or indirectly.

Dose Limit.
Means the value of the effective dose (where applicable, committed effective dose) or the equivalent dose in a
specified period which shall not be exceeded for an individual.

"sievert" (Sv).
Is the special name of the unit of equivalent or effective dose. One sievert is equivalent to one joule per
kilogram: 1 Sv ¼ 1 J kgÄ1.

4) GENERAL PRINCIPLES.

An emergency can happen at any time and is always unexpected. The radiographer must act immediately to
eliminate any danger to others. The radiographer will have to make judgement calls, because no procedure can
address every individual situation that may occur. It is the responsibility of the radiographer to respond to the
emergency, to take change, and to protect others.
The Radiographer should act as per following:
 Recognize that an emergency exists.
 Remain calm and think of your actions.
 Always use the ALARA concept.
 Establish and verify restricted area boundaries.
 Protect the public from overexposure.
 Every Radiation incident must be reported ASAP to the RPO or RPS. A written Report from the
incident shall be made and given to the HSE Company manager.
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 On site Every incident shall be reported to the Client.

 Emergency Interventions shall only be carried out by the emergency team of BTEST Srl.

5 RISKS

The primary aim of radiation protection and safety is to provide appropriate standards of protection and safety
for people without unduly limiting the benefits of practices giving rise to exposure.

This primary aim is expressed by the following objectives of radiation protection and safety:
1) “Protection objectives: to prevent the occurrence of deterministic effects in individuals by keeping
doses below the relevant threshold and to ensure that all reasonable steps are taken to reduce the
occurrence of stochastic effects in the population at present and in the future.”
2) “Safety objectives: to protect individuals, society and the environment from harm by establishing
and maintaining effective defences against radiological hazards from sources.”

Industrial radiography sources emit X rays and gamma radiation which produce dose rates of the order of
hundreds of milligrams per hour at one metre. These high dose rates at close distances can cause severe injuries
such as radiation burns following exposures of a few seconds. Workers using such sources must achieve the
protection objective to prevent doses arising from acute and chronic accidental exposures and unsafe work
practices likely to cause injuries to develop. Safe work practices will protect not only the individual worker but
also others in the vicinity and the public from serious consequences arising from the loss or uncontrolled use of
these sources.
The Basic Safety Standards are herein summarized:
 Ensure that during normal operation, maintenance and decommissioning, and in emergency situations,
the radiation exposure of both workers and the public is kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic
and social factors being taken into account (ALARA principle);
 Ensure that during normal operation, maintenance and decommissioning, and in emergency situations,
the radiation exposure of both workers and the public is kept below the relevant dose limits given in the
table below.
 Ensure that the probability of events giving rise to significant exposures and the magnitude of such
exposures are kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into
account.

The official dose limits are specified in Articles 20.1.2, 20.1.3 and 20.1.5 of the Royal Decree of 20 July 2001.
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(*) A worker is considered an occupationally exposed person if there is a risk that any of the dose limits set for
the public will be exceeded.

The activities generated by the Ionization Source are summarized herein below calculated using the inverse
square law:

IR-192 SE-75
Activity in Curie Dose Rate per minute at Activity in Curie Dose Rate per minute at
1 meter in µSv/U 1 meter in µSv/U
5 400 5 169
10 800 10 338
20 1600 20 770
25 2000 25 1540
35 2800 35 3080
45 3600 45 3850

6 INSTRUCTIONS IN CASE OF RADIATION ACCIDENT.

General.
The Following simple steps will help prevent any undesirable radiation incidents and ensure safety of the
radiographer & public:
a. Use survey meter al all limes during every radiation work (Handling, Transportation & Usage).
b. Never approach towards projector without survey meter.
c. Observe your pocket dosimeter at every stage for any increase in dose.
d. Always use collimator except when not possible as during panoramic.
e. Don’t use the equipment you are not comfortable with.
f. Avoid guide tube extensions whenever possible.
g. Don’t use guide tubes with sharp bends, dents and kinks.
h. Check each retraction using survey meter that source has returned to shielded position.
a. Secure exposure device while on high deviation.
b. Don’t keep exposure device too close to welding, gas cutting equipment.
c. Try to keep guide tubes as straight as possible.
d. Don’t speed up work compromising on safety.
e. Always lock the projector upon completion of work.
f. Remember that safety of yourself and general public is first.
g. Seek professional help while in doubt instead of being over smart.
h. Periodically maintain your equipment according lo procedure.

During operation the following need to be strictly observed:

a. Check the survey meter if battery is full, if not inform the RSO for replacement. Check on and off
switches, check each scale and allow the instrument to warm up for at least three minutes prior to the
above check.
b. Check the existent dose rate and set up barriers at 10µSv/H around the controlled area. The area shall
be enclosed with barricading ropes and posted with a minimum of four visible warning signs.
c. Ensure that no persons are inside the barriers.

While the radioactive source is in exposed position, every member of the RT crew must observe proper method
of protection from ionizing radiation.
The following method is helpful to reduce the absorbed dose at low as possible:
 Less time in radiation area shall be given a reasonable effort to minimize the absorbed dose of each
individual. LESS TIME = LESS EXPOSURE. Individual’s exposure is equal to the product of
radiation intensity and the amount of time spent in that intensity.
 Greater distance shall also be maintained. If it is practical to stay on greater distance when the source is
in exposed position, radiographer shall try to do so. GREATER DISTANCE = LESS EXPOSURE. The
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radiation intensity from the source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance or can be
expressed mathematically as I1 D²1 = I2 D²2.
 Shielding can greatly reduce radiation exposure and any available shielding shall be used. MORE
SHIELDING = LESS EXPOSURE.

Hierarchy of Command.
A clear line of command is established, in order to carry out immediate and effective emergency response action.
The hierarchy of command is as follows:
1) The firs line of command is the RPO (for small company RPO and RPS can be the same person)
2) RPS
3) Radiographer.
The Radiographer (first responder to the emergency) initiate the Response, performs immediate action to
mitigate the accident and Informs RPS.

The RPS is the person in charge of the overall emergency response and manages the priorities and the protection
of the public and emergency workers.

RPS can be the operating Manager/Supervisor during radiographic Work on site. RPS shall prepare a
preliminary investigation (in case of incident) and report to the RPO.

The RPO is responsible for radiation surveys, dose assessment, contamination, control, radiation protection
supports to emergency workers and the formulation of the protective action recommendations.
For a small company, one of the radiographers may be the RPO or RPS at the same time, in which case he
should also carry out all the duties and responsibilities mentioned above.

During New European PDH Complex Borealis Project the following are the Nominated RPO:

 Salvatore Dugo Tel. + 32 (0) 471-84-41-24

 Boughajd Nouredinne Tel.: + 32 (0) 471-84-41-39
 Fumarola Massimo Tel.: +32(0)471-84-41-25

6.1 ACCIDENT DURING ADR TRANSPORT INVOLVING A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE

General

Road Accident:
 Remain calm and think about the actions to taken.
 In case of any road accident, immediate radiation survey shall be made. If any abnormal radiation
intensity exists, the situation shall be treated as an emergency.
 The driver should take immediate action according to the ADR Warning scheme Instruction’s posted on
each ADR vehicle.
 Rescue possible victims.
 The driver Shall put a physical barrier and warning signs around the accident site
 Inform Immediately the RPO and Provide all the necessary information.
 Take further action based on the advice of the RPO
 In case of Emergency, only the person mentioned in the Annex A may make contact with the AFCN
(government Institutes).

Detailed Instruction

The Practical measures, without irresponsible endangering yourself, to be follow are:

a. Stop the engine, engage the handbrake and switch on the emergency signal lights of the vehicle. If there
is a possibility the car could move use the wheel block present in the car.
b. Do not smoke or use open flame.
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c. Free and remove injured out of the danger zone, (if injuries allow this to be done without worsening the
injuries of the victims).
d. Ensure the radioactive source is still inside the car and check its condition. In case of a car fire, remove
the source out of the vehicle if possible.
e. Put on your high visibility jacket. Place the accident warning signs and lights.
f. Contact the relevant intervention services giving them as much information as possible about the place,
nature, extend and cargo details.

In case of injured people:

 Phone number 112 100 (Country alarm number) to notify emergency services.

In case of no injured people:

 Phone number 101 (Police) if you think this can help the situation, (in case involved people refuse to
make or sign a declaration)
g. Give assistance to the intervention services and expert of the external service for physical control if
present.

Risk on contamination
 All actions need to be coordinated by the RPE (BE.SURE)
 Note down all relevant details of involved people to, if needed, be able to track them and check for
contamination afterwards.
 Don’t touch or walk into possible spillage and avoid breathing in smoke, damp, or dust by walking into
the wind direction.

Risk on exposure (high radiation level)

 Place barriers around the vehicle if needed, (at radiation level of 10 µSV/h)
 Awaiting the arrival of the emergency services the accident area and controlled radiation area shall be
always supervised.
 Urge onlookers to leave and keep distance.
In case of traffic obstruction try to place your vehicle out of the traffic flow as soon as possible. Before doing
this mark of the 4 corner positions of your vehicle on the road deck with chalk or any possible means. Take note
of brake marks, glass debris or mud trails. Photos are always handy.

Complete the European accident forms and deliver a copy to the Main Office of Btest Srl as soon as possible.
Write down, on the European accident form, the name, address and telephone of eventual injured persons before
they leave.

The source container must be loaded into another vehicle before the car involved in the accident can be
transported away.

6.2 DISASTER (FIRE/EXPLOSION/FLOODING) INVOLVING A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.

ACCIDENT AT B.TEST FACILITIES.

Follow the Instructions of Emergency Plan

ACCIDENT AT CONSTRUCTION SITE.

Measure to be implemented by the Btest Technician.

 Stop immediately all the operations.
 Every measure must be taken to minimize the impact of fire, explosion, flooding or any other disaster.
For this reason, we have to try, whatever is possible, to have the Radioactive isotope Source inside the
proper Source Container and have them taken out the danger Zone. It is very important to ensure a Sel-
75 source doesn’t end up in a fire.
 Aid injured People and get them out of the danger zone without endangering yourself.
 Put up the barrier around the controlled area and warn the People of the possible dangers. Maximum
dose rate at the barrier boundaries of 10 µSV/h.
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 Place yourself and involved people out of the wind direction.

 Make contact with the client and Site radiation supervisor.

Only in case of Fire emergency the following will be follow:
 Secure, lock and remove the exposure device to a safe location (whatever is possible).. Establish a
temporary storage area and a qualified radiographer shall remain with the Source.
 If is possible, remove the radiation Sign, barrier tape and other radiation equipment to a safe area.
Signs and barriers should be removed or dropped to ensure no delays to the fire fighting personnel.

Measures to be taken by Client:

 Aid and remove injured people, when injuries allow this without endangering yourself, out of the
danger zone.
 Notify emergency services and warn about the possible radiation and contamination risk.
 Contact internal “Externe Dienst voor Fysische Controle”(when available).
 Notify all necessary services.
 Await the Emergency services.

Measures to be taken before arrival of Emergency services when there is no risk of contamination:

 When no different intervention is needed, wait until the arrival of RPE. Wait with clearing up the area if
possible.
 Only prior informed people in the possession of a dose rate meter and personal doses meter may carry
out any intervention. Their stay in the controlled radiation area must be monitored and limited to the
necessary time needed.
 In case of fire: never direct the water jet directly at the source container to avoid the source getting
expelled out of the possible molten isotope container. The source containers are tested for 1 hour fire
resistance at 800°C.

Measure to be taken before the arrival of Emergency Services when there is a possible risk of
contamination:
 Nobody enters the controlled radiation area before the arrival of RPE.
 In case people got in contact with radioactive material, for example during excavation of injured
people, urge them to stay and await the arrival of RPE. It can be very important for these people to be
checked for sings of radioactive contamination before they leave. Decontamination has to be carried out
by authorized radiation expertise trained medical personnel.

6..3 THEFT OR LOSS OF A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE OR RX EQUIPMENT.

 Everyone in the possession of radioactive material must ensure all measures are taken to prevent theft
or loss of radioactive sources or equipment.
 Every person noticing the theft or loss of radioactive sources or equipment must notify the RPO of
BTEST Srl immediately (see warning scheme in annex).
 The RPO shall classify the emergency and initiate the emergency plan.
 Communicate with the relevant authorities, media and public, when necessary, to help locate the
missing source.
 When the source is found the RPO shall inspect it for evidence of any damage.
 Send the damaged or malfunctioning equipment to the manufacturer or maintenance centre for a
detailed inspection before use.
 The RPO shall Notify to AFCN
 The RPO shall prepare a detailed report of the accident to be submitted to the AFCN

6.4 EMERGENCY DURING OPERATING OF A RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE.

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When there are problems to pull the source back into the container and/or the container cannot be closed
(suitable for transport):
 Set up preventive radiation barriers and reduce the level of radiation by placing extra lead on the
source.
 Notify the company’s responsible person and give details about the problem.
 Notify the RPO of BTEST Srl (see warning scheme Annex 1) to engage the radiation intervention team.
 Before arrival of the radiation intervention team guard the controlled radiation area and adjacent areas.
Beside this:
 Do not continue using suspect defective equipment. Turn in the suspected defective equipment and
exchange for equipment in good working order to prevent worsening the situation.
 Repairs on isotope source containers or Rx equipment may only be carried out by authorized and
specific trained personnel.
 Never take actions or direct manipulations on the front side of the isotope container (side of collimator
and guide tube)
 When the source cannot be retracted into the isotope container and automatically be locked inside, the
connectors on the handgrip (in 1st instance) or the wind-out connection on the backside of the isotope
container (in 2nd instance) may be disconnected and pulled in manually by taking hold of the inner
cable and twisting and turning this cable while pulling when the following conditions are met:
 Authorization is given by a member of the Emergency intervention team after positive contact.
 The source is shielded properly by placing extras lead or by the isotope container itself whereby the
radiation level is acceptable.
 When a source is shielded by the container but the automatically locking system is failing, the container
may be transported to a safer place within the work premises but only when measures are taken to
ensure the source cannot move outside of the isotope container, (bending the guide tube into a 90° or
180° angle).

DONT’S
 Don’t approach the projector without doing survey.
 Don’t compromise on safety with the speed of your job.
 Don’t misuse your personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Don’t be overconfident, safety first.
 Don’t expose in occupied areas.
 Don’t proceed when the risk is high.
 Don’t use guide tubes with sharp bends, dents or kinks.
 Don’t use equipment you are not comfortable with.
 Don’t let laziness give you over exposure.
 1Don’t be over smart; there is no harm in seeking professional opinion.

6.5 IN CASE OF SUSPECTED EXPOSURE TO HIGH RADIATION DOSE.

Make sure to avoid unnecessary exposure of the public or yourself when working with radioactive sources or RX
equipment.
When in spite of all these measures a high dose or contamination is suspected:
 Immediately contact a responsible BTEST Srl person (see warning scheme Annex 1).
 In the event of incident where a dosimeter reading indicated more than the maximum required, or over
exposure is suspected, the film badge or TLD shall be sent immediately for processing.
 The personnel involved shall be pulled out from radiographic operation until the result of TLD reading
is received.
 When ascertain of over exposure, he shall be sent for blood test and pulled out from working with
radioactive until the extent period of recovery related to absorbed dose is accumulated.
 Write down the event detail as clear as possible and hand this document over to the HSE department of
BTEST Srl as soon as possible.

7.0 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

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RPO must have the following equipment:

 High Range gamma survey Instrument (up to Several Sv/hr)
 Low Range Survey Instrument
 Contamination Probe
 Personal Dosimeter
 Self-reading dosimeter for each team member
 Film Badge for each team member
 Appropriate shielding (lead shots, lead sheet)
 Appropriate hand tools.
 Radiation Warning Signs
 Logbook, rope and stop watches
 Communication equipment
 Supporting documentation such as equipment operating manuals, emergency response procedure,
procedure for personal radiation protection.
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WARNING SCHEME IN CASE OF CRISIS, INCIDENT OR ACCIDENT

ACCIDENT FIRE & RADIATION RADIATION INCIDENT ACCIDENT DURING NEAR MISS
ENVIROMENTAL INCIDENT (with possible conseguences) TRANSPORTATION
DAMAGE (without conseguences)

SITE ALWAYS THE LOCAL ALWAYS THE LOCAL 100

Site Emergency Numbers EMERGENCY EMERGENCY Ambulance/Fire brigade
In case of Fire inform the In case of Fire inform the 101
surrounding Buildings surrounding Buildings Local Police
Only When no Response from 112
site emergency Numbers Europe
Only When no Response from Only When no Response
100
the BTEST Office and Only When no Response from the from the BTEST Office and
Ambulance/Fire brigade
depending to the severity of the BTEST Office and depending to depending to the severity of
101
incident contact RPE Directly the severity of the incident the incident contact RPE
Local Police
contact RPE Directly Directly
112
Europe

RPO RPO RPO

Or Site Coordinator Or Site Coordinator Or Site Coordinator RPO
Or Site Coordinator

MANAGEMENT OF BTEST SRL

Operational Manager: +32 (0) 471-84-41-25
Intervention Team: +32 (0) 471-84-41-24

RPE: BE.SURE: +32-010-812183

AFCN (OFFICE HOURS): +32 (0)-2-289-21-11 / +32 (0)-2-289-21-81 / +32 (0)-289-21-83
AFCN (OUTSIDE OFFICE HOURS): +32 (0)-2-502-89-99