ASSIGNMENT/ TUGASAN

_________________________________________________________________________
XBOH2103
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
PENGURUSAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN
JANUARY 2020

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION / ARAHAN KHUSUS

1. Answer in MALAYSIA or ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Jawab dalam BAHASA MALAYSIA atau BAHASA INGGERIS.

2. Number of words : 2500 – 3000 words excluding references.

Jumlah patah perkataan : 2500 – 3000 patah perkataan tidak termasuk rujukan.

3. Submit your assignment ONCE only in a SINGLE file.

Hantar tugasan SEKALI sahaja dalam SATU fail.

4. Submit your assignment ONLINE.

Tugasan ini dihantar secara ONLINE.

5. Submission date : 5 APRIL 2020.

Tarikh penghantaran : 5 APRIL 2020.

6. This assignment accounts for 60% of the total marks for the course.
Tugasan ini menyumbang sebanyak 60% dari jumlah markah kursus.
 ASSIGNMENT QUESTION

Watch and understand the above movie and prepare a report which consists of the
following elements:
1. Discuss the tragedy happened in this movie from the point of view of the Domino
Theory and Multiple Causation Theory.
2. Discuss at least FIVE do and don`t which involve in this tragedy in relation to safety
and health.
3. You as a safety and health officer of this oil and gases company, prepare a safety
policy statement (1 page of A4 size only) where the content must relate to the
industry and aim to avoid the same tragedy happen in future.
4. Identify the possible type of chemical which involves in this tragedy, find the MSDS
of the chemical and based on the MSDS, prepare a THREE pages report of the
chemical. You were also required to submit the copy of the 1st page of the MSDS
used, as evidence).
5. You were asked by the top management of the company in this film to conduct a
safety training to an employee, choose 1 topic related to this industry tragedy and
present your topic`s content in the poster form (1 page of A4 size poster).

Notes: For the assignment submission, refer to the instruction below:

- For report submission (Question 1, 2, 3 and 4), please submit in the ‘WORDS
FILE ONLY’ and upload into the ‘MAIN FILE’ section of the online submission.
- For 1) copy of the 1st page of the MSDS used (Question 3); 2) A4 size poster
(Question 5), please submit in the ‘ZIP FILE ONLY’ and upload into the
‘ATTACHMENT’ section of the online submission.
[Total: 60 marks]
 SOALAN TUGASAN

Tonton dan fahami filem di atas dan penuhi keperluan-keperluan berikut:

1. Bincangkan tragedi yang berlaku di dalam filem ini dari sudut pandangan Teori
Domino dan Teori Kepelbagaian Punca.
2. Bincangkan sekurang-kurangnya LIMA tindakan yang patut dan tidak patut dilakukan
yang melibatkan tragedi ini dalam perkaitan terhadap keselamatan dan kesihatan.
3. Anda sebagai pegawai keselamatan dan kesihatan bagi syarikat minyak dan gas ini,
sediakan pernyataan dasar keselamatan (1 mukasurat bersaiz A4 sahaja) di mana isi
kandungannya haruslah berkaitan dengan industri ini dan mensasarkan untuk
mengelakkan tragedi yang sama berlaku di masa akan datang.
4. Kenalpasti kemungkinan jenis bahan kimia yang terlibat di dalam tragedi ini, cari
Risalah Data Keselamatan Bahan bahan kimia tersebut dan berpandukan risalah,
sediakan TIGA muka surat laporan bahan kimia tersebut (letakkan salinan muka surat
pertama risalah yang diguna sebagai muka surat ketiga laporan, sebagai bukti).
5. Anda diminta oleh pihak pengurusan atasan syarikat di dalam filem ini untuk
menjalankan latihan keselamatan kepada pekerja syarikat, pilih 1 topik berkaitan
dengan tragedi industri ini dan bentangkan kandungan topik anda dalam bentuk
poster berwarna (1 mukasurat saiz A4).

Nota: Bagi penghantaran tugasan, rujuk arahan di bawah:

- Bagi penghantaran laporan (Soalan 1,2,3 dan 4), sila hantar di dalam bentuk ‘FAIL
WORDS SAHAJA’ dan muatnaik ke bahagian ‘FAIL UTAMA’ penghantaran dalam
talian.
- Bagi 1) salinan mukasurat pertama MSDS yang digunakan (Soalan 3); 2) Poster
bersaiz A4 (Soalan 5), sila hantar di dalam bentuk ‘FAIL ZIP SAHAJA’ dan muatnaik
ke bahagian ‘LAMPIRAN’ penghantaran dalam talian.

[Jumlah: 60 markah]
 ATTACHMENT

XBOH 2103 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT /JANUARY 2020

Unsatisfacto
Weight/ Excellent/ Good/ Fair/ Poor/ Max
*QN Criteria/ ry/ Tidak
CLO Pember Cemerlang Baik Sederhana Lemah Mark
/NS Kriteria memuaskan
at s
4 3 2 1 0
Discussion on the tragedy happened A very good and A good and quite A quite brief A very brief No
1 1 in the movie from the point of view 3 detail discussion on detail discussion on discussion on discussion on discussion
Domino and Multiple Causation the tragedy the tragedy the tragedy the tragedy was given. 12
Theory. happened in the happened in the happened in happened in the
movie from the movie from the the movie from movie from the
point of view point of view the point of point of view
Domino and Domino and view Domino Domino or
Multiple Causation Multiple Causation and Multiple Multiple
Theory. Theory. Causation Causation
Theory. Theory.
Each of theory`s Each of theory`s
element was element was Most of the
clearly discussed discussed and theory`s
and supported by supported or not element was
appropriate supported with discussed and
example and example and supported OR
picture/diagram. picture/diagram. not supported
with example
Discussion contents Discussion contents and
can clearly can differentiate picture/diagra
differentiate both both of the theory. m.
of the theory.

Perbincangan berkaitan tragedi yang Perbincangan yang Perbincangan yang Perbincangan Perbincangan Tiada
berlaku dalam filem dari sudut sangat baik dan baik dan agak teliti yang agak yang sangat perbincanga
pandangan Teori Domino dan teliti berkaitan berkaitan tragedi ringkas ringkas n diberikan.
Kepelbagaian Punca. tragedi yang yang berlaku dalam berkaitan berkaitan
berlaku dalam filem filem dari sudut tragedi yang tragedi yang
dari sudut pandangan Teori berlaku dalam berlaku dalam
pandangan Teori Domino dan filem dari sudut filem dari sudut
Domino dan Kepelbagaian pandangan pandangan Teori
Kepelbagaian Punca. Teori Domino Domino atau
 Punca. dan Kepelbagaian
Setiap elemen teori Kepelbagaian Punca.
Setiap elemen teori dibincangkan dan Punca.
dibincangkan disokong atau tidak
dengan jelas dan disokong dengan Hampir setiap
disokong oleh contoh dan elemen teori
contoh dan gambar/rajah. dibincangkan
gambar/rajah dan disokong
bersesuaian. Isi kandungn atau tidak
perbincangan dapat disokong
Isi kandungn membezakan dengan contoh
perbincangan kedua-dua teori. dan
dapat membezakan gambar/rajah.
secara jelas kedua-
dua teori.

3 Discussion on FIVE do and don`t A very good and A good and quite A quite brief A very brief No
involved in the tragedy in relation to detail discussion on detail discussion on discussion on discussion on discussion
safety and health. FIVE do and don`t FIVE do and don`t FIVE do and FIVE do and was given.
involve in the involve in the don`t involved don`t act
tragedy in relation tragedy in relation in the tragedy involved in the
to safety and to safety and in relation to tragedy in
health. health. safety and relation to safety
health. and health.
Each do and don`t Each do and don`t
discuss was discussed were Few do and
supported by an supported or not don`t discussed
appropriate supported with was supported
example and example and or not
3 picture/diagram. picture/diagram. supported with
example and 12
picture/diagra
m.
 Perbincangan tentang LIMA tindakan Perbincangan yang Perbincangan baik Perbincangan Perbincangan Tiada
yang patut dan tidak patut dilakukan sangat baik dan dan agak teliti yang agak yang sangat perbincanga
yang melibatkan tragedi ini dalam teliti berkaitan berkaitan LIMA ringkas ringkas n diberikan.
perkaitan dengan keselamatan dan LIMA tindakan yang tindakan yang berkaitan LIMA berkaitan LIMA
kesihatan. patut dan tidak patut dan tidak tindakan yang tindakan yang
patut dilakukan patut dilakukan patut dan tidak patut dan tidak
yang melibatkan yang melibatkan patut dilakukan patut dilakukan
tragedi ini dalam tragedi ini dalam yang yang melibatkan
perkaitan dengan perkaitan dengan melibatkan tragedi ini dalam
keselamatan dan keselamatan dan tragedi ini perkaitan
kesihatan. kesihatan. dalam dengan
perkaitan keselamatan dan
Setiap Setiap dengan kesihatan.
perbincangan perbincangan keselamatan
tindakan yang tindakan yang dan kesihatan.
patut dan tidak patut dan tidak
patut dilakukan patut dilakukan Beberapa
disokong oleh disokong atau tidak perbincangan
contoh dan disokong denagn tindakan yang
gambar/rajah contoh dan patut dan tidak
bersesuaian. gambar/rajah. patut dilakukan
disokong atau
tidak disokong
dengan contoh
dan
gambar/rajah.

1 Preparation of safety policy statement A very good and A good and quite A quite brief Very brief safety No safety
where the content relates to the clear safety policy clear safety policy safety policy policy statement policy
industry and aim to avoid the same statement where statement where statement where the statement
tragedy happen in the future. the content relates the content relates where the content quite was given.
to the industry and to the industry and content quite relates to the
aim to avoid the aim to avoid the relates to the industry and aim
same tragedy same tragedy industry and to avoid the
happen in the happen in the aim to avoid same tragedy
future. future. the same happen in the
tragedy happen future.
Very good Good presentation in the future.
presentation of of safety policy
safety policy statement which Simple
 statement which quite presentation of
understandable, understandable, safety policy
provided with provided with statement
company logo, company logo, which provided
dated and signed dated and signed with company
by the top by the top logo, dated and
management. management. signed by the
top
management.
Penyediaan pernyataan dasar Pernyataan dasar Pernyataan dasar Pernyataan Pernyataan Tiada
keselamatan di mana kandungannya keselamatan yang keselamatan yang dasar dasar pernyataan
berkait dengan industri ini dan sangat baik dan baik dan agak jelas keselamatan keselamatan dasar
mensasarkan untuk mengelakkan jelas di mana di mana yang agak yang sangat keselamata
tragedi sama berlaku di masa akan kandungannya kandungannya ringkas di mana ringkas di mana n diberikan.
datang. berkait dengan berkait dengan kandungannya kandungannya
industri dan industri dan agak berkait agak berkait
mensasarkan untuk mensasarkan untuk dengan industri dengan industri
mengelakkan mengelakkan dan dan 12
tragedi sama tragedi sama mensasarkan mensasarkan
berlaku di masa berlaku di masa untuk untuk
akan datang. akan datang. mengelakkan mengelakkan
tragedi sama tragedi sama
3 Persembahan Persembahan berlaku di masa berlaku di masa
pernyataan dasar pernyataan dasar akan datang. akan datang.
keselamatan yang keselamatan yang
sangat baik yang baik yang agak Persembahan
mudah difahami, mudah difahami, pernyataan
beserta logo beserta logo dasar
syarikat, bertarikh syarikat, bertarikh keselamatan
dan ditandatangani dan ditandatangani yang ringkas,
oleh pengurusan oleh pengurusan beserta logo
atasan. atasan. syarikat,
bertarikh dan
ditandatangani
oleh
pengurusan
atasan.

3 Preparation of THREE pages of the Very good selection Good selection of Quite good Selection of the No selection
chemical report based on the of the chemical the chemical which selection of the chemical not so of chemical
identification of the possible type of which relates to relates to the chemical which relate to the made and
chemical involves in the tragedy and the industry and industry and quite relates to industry and no chemical
MSDS. tragedy. tragedy. the industry tragedy. report was
and tragedy. given.
Very good content Good content and Very brief
and arrangement arrangement of the Quite brief content of the
of the chemical chemical report content of the chemical report
report which which represents chemical report which less than
represents most of more than half of which THREE pages.
the MSDS content the MSDS content represents a
and exactly THREE and THREE pages few MSDS
pages including the including the copy content and
copy of the 1st page of the 1st page of THREE pages
of the MSDS used the MSDS used as including the
as the 3rd page of the 3rd page of the copy of the 1st
the report. report. page of the
MSDS used as
the 3rd page of
3 the report. 12
Penyediaan TIGA mukasurat laporan Pemilihan bahan Pemilihan bahan Pemilihan Pemilihan bahan Tiada
bahan kimia berdasarkan kepada kimia yang sangat kimia yang baik bahan kimia kimia yang agak pemilihan
pengenalpastian jenis bahan kimia baik yang berkait yang berkait yang agak baik tidak berkait bahan kimia
berkemungkinan terlibat di dalam dengan industri dan dengan industri dan yang agak dengan industri dilakukan
tragedi dan MSDS. tragedi. tragedi. berkait dengan dan tragedi. dan tiada
industri dan laporan
Isi kandungan dan Isi kandungan dan tragedi. Isi kandungan bahan kimia
susun atur laporan susun atur laporan laporan bahan diberikan.
bahan kimia yang bahan kimia yang Isi kandungan kimia yang
sangat baik yang baik yang dan susun atur sangat ringkas
mempersembahkan mempersembahkan laporan bahan yang kurang
hampir keseluruhan lebih dari separuh kimia yang daripada TIGA
isi kandungan isi kandungan agak ringkas muka surat.
MSDS dan cukup MSDS dan TIGA yang
TIGA muka surat muka surat mempersembah
termasuk salinan termasuk salinan kan beberapa isi
muka surat muka surat kandungan
pertama MSDS pertama MSDS MSDS dan TIGA
yang digunakan yang digunakan muka surat
sebagai mukasurat sebagai mukasurat termasuk
ke-3 laporan. ke-3 laporan. salinan muka
 surat pertama
MSDS yang
digunakan
sebagai
mukasurat ke-3
laporan.

3 Preparation of poster for safety Very good selection Good selection of Quite good The selection of No selection
training. of the topic for the topic for poster selection of the the topic for of topic and
poster preparation preparation which topic for poster poster poster was
which relates to relates to the preparation preparation not given.
the industry and industry and which quite so relate to the
tragedy. tragedy. relates to the industry and
industry and tragedy.
A very good and A good and quite tragedy.
attractive poster attractive poster Brief poster
which consist of which consist of a Quite a good content in
the comprehensive good content poster which overall including
and very good arrangement, clear consist of the the content
content and quite good arrangement
arrangement, clear understandable content and etc.
and and supported by arrangement,
understandable an appropriate clear and
and supported by picture or diagram. understandable
an appropriate and supported
2 picture or diagram. The nice tone of by appropriate
colour used for the picture or 8
The nice and poster, with an diagram.
attractive tone of appropriate
colour used for the selection of font A quite good
poster, with an and font size. tone of colour
appropriate used for the
selection of font poster.
and font size.
Penyediaan poster untuk latihan Pemilihan topik Pemilihan topik baik Pemilihan topik Pemilihan topik Tiada
keselamatan. yang sangat baik bagi penyediaan yang agak baik bagi penyediaan pemilihan
bagi penyediaan poster yang berkait bagi poster agak topik dan
poster yang berkait dengan industri dan penyediaan tidak berkait poster
dengan industri dan tragedi. poster yang dengan industri diberikan.
tragedi. agak berkait dan tragedi.
 Poster yang baik dengan industri
Poster yang sangat dan agak menarik dan tragedi. Isi kandungan
baik dan menarik yang merangkumi poster yang
yang merangkumi susun atur isi Poster yang agak ringkas
susun atur isi kandungan yang agak baik yang secara
kandungan yang baik, jelas dan merangkumi keseluruhan
sangat baik dan mudah difahami susun atur isi termasuklah
menyeluruh, jelas dan disokong oleh kandungan susun atur
dan mudah gambarajah atau yang agak baik, kandungan dan
difahami dan diagram yang jelas dan sebagainya.
disokong oleh bersesuaian. mudah
gambarajah atau difahami dan
diagram yang Ton warna yang disokong oleh
bersesuaian. sangat baik gambarajah
digunakan bagi atau diagram
Ton warna yang poster, dengan yang
sangat baik dan pemilihan fon dan bersesuaian.
menarik digunakan saiz fon yang
bagi poster, dengan bersesuaian. Ton warna yang
pemilihan fon dan agak baik
saiz fon yang digunakan bagi
bersesuaian. poster.

3 Mechanics of writing. Details are placed Details are placed Some details Many details are Disorganise
in a logical order in a logical order, are logical in not in a logical d.
and the way they but the way in order. A order. Major
are presented which they are number of spelling,
effectively keeps presented spelling, punctuation and
the interest of the sometimes makes punctuation grammatical
reader. Almost free the writing less and errors which
of spelling, interesting. Few grammatical affect overall
punctuation and spelling, errors, but do writing
grammatical errors. punctuation and not affect performance. 4
grammatical errors overall writing
1 but do not affect performance.
overall writing
performance.
Mekanisma penulisan. Struktur jawapan Struktur jawapan Struktur Struktur Esei adalah
adalah sangat adalah jelas. jawapan adalah jawapan adalah tidak
jelas. agak jelas. samar-samar. berstruktur.
 Aliran idea yang
Aliran idea lancar jelas daripada satu Aliran idea yang Aliran idea yang Tiada pola
dan jelas daripada perenggan ke tidak seimbang lemah daripada yang logik
satu perenggan ke perenggan yang daripada satu satu perenggan dalam
perenggan yang lain. perenggan ke ke perenggan jawapan
lain. perenggan yang yang lain. dan sukar
Beberapa kesilapan lain. untuk
Bebas daripada ejaan, tanda baca Kesilapan besar mengikuti
kesilapan ejaan, dan tatabahasa dan Beberapa ejaan, tanda dari satu
tanda baca dan tidak memerlukan kesilapan ejaan, baca dan perenggan /
tatabahasa. penyuntingan. tanda baca dan tatabahasa yang idea yang
tatabahasa, menghalang lain.
tetapi tidak pembacaan
memerlukan penulisan. Banyak
penyuntingan kesilapan
dan tidak ejaan dalam
menghalang tugasan.
kebolehbacaan.
Total 15 60
*QN = Question Number

5.1 BP
’
S GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK & INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM
In discharging the responsibility for BP‟s risk management and internal control
systems under UK Corporate Governance Code, the board considered the variousrisks within the context of the annual plans presented by
committees in order toupdate the governance framework (Svanberg, 2010). The corporate governanceframework of BP includes the principles
that guide board and management how tocontrol and manage risks. The board is responsible for the activities for developingrisk management
strategy for all the aspects of BP‟s business
by delegatingauthority to management within defined limits (BP, 2011). The BP governance boardconsists of different committees to maintain
internal control and risk managementactivities as shown in the figure below:
For the implementation of corporate governance framework internal control system,BP gives importance to risk management in order to identify,
manage, monitor andcontrol risk management activities to handle hazards (Castell, 2010). Under corporate governance framework, authority is
delegated to the group chief executive,and then executive management is responsible to report the board on periodic basis.Moreover, the
internal control system of BP includes 3 core elements: environmentalcontrol, management of risks and operational performance, and
management of people and individual performances as shown in the figure below.
Figure (6)
 –
Internal Control System of BP
Source: BP Governance Framework (BP, 2011)
6. HOW BP SHOULD PROGRESS IN FUTURE?
The Deepwater Horizon accident highlights many challenges for petroleum industry.Now the question is holding the ground that how BP should
progress in the future,with regard to its approach to risk management, in order to lessen the likelihood of,or to mitigate the impact of possible
similar events in the coming years? For thepurpose of safely progress in the future, BP and Government agencies that regulateoffshore activities
should adopt risk-based performance approach that is particular toindividual facilities, operations and environment (Dudley, 2011) to avoid
disasters.National Commission on BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drillingprovide 3 recommendations to develop new risk
management approach to assessrisks, as follows:

. HOW BP SHOULD PROGRESS IN FUTURE?

The Deepwater Horizon accident highlights many challenges for petroleum industry.Now the question is holding the ground that how BP should
progress in the future,with regard to its approach to risk management, in order to lessen the likelihood of,or to mitigate the impact of possible
similar events in the coming years? For thepurpose of safely progress in the future, BP and Government agencies that regulateoffshore activities
should adopt risk-based performance approach that is particular toindividual facilities, operations and environment (Dudley, 2011) to avoid
disasters.National Commission on BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drillingprovide 3 recommendations to develop new risk
management approach to assessrisks, as follows:

. The department of Interior should develop and provide a complete risksmanagement program based on safety and pollution prevention
standardsafter consulting international regulatory peers in oil-producing nations.2. The department of Interior should develop and provide
risk basedperformance approach that facilitates individuals, operations andenvironments,
similar to “safety case” approach in North Sea
, which requiresan operator and drilling rig owners to assess the operational risks.3. The department of Interior should recognize drilling,
production, andemergency response standards to protect offshore workers and environment.In addition, department should take correcting
actions to overcomeinsufficiencies after initiating and applying new standards in order to fill thegaps. These standards should be applied on Gulf
of Mexico in the freezingconditions and must be updated after every 5 years.
National Commission on BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011)
In order to build long term value, BP should engage competent, independentengineers to re-examine and re-evaluate current regulations and
procedures againsthighest standards. As the part of safety and risk management strategy formation, BPneeds to obtain the expertise of
experienced professionals to developcomprehensive safety and production plans to avoid exploration.In order to grow and maintain expertise in
offshore drilling safety, governmentrequires to establish a process with the support of National Academy of Engineeringto discover the criteria of
high-risk wells and also to develop methodology to assessthose risks (National Commission, 2011). Moreover, the department of Interior should
also extend in-house competence to perform such sophisticated riskassessment. According to National Commission (2011), developing more
detailedincident reporting system in particular to all offshore activities can be helpful for stronger risk assessment and analysis.In a press release
on 14
th
April 2011, the Chief Executive of BP claimed that thecompany is involved in making comprehensive program of activities to strengthen

Themain focus areas of BP in particular with safety and risk management are:

Strengthening and clarifying requirements for safe, compliant and reliableoperations.

Consultation with 500 specialists for taking help, guidance, advice andintervene during the project.

Stopping the operations in case of hazards and bring about safety proceduresunder risk management standards.
Annual General Meeting
–
CEO Speech (Dudley, 2011)
7- CONCLUSION
It is understood from various studies and literature review that risk management hasbecome an important part of the organizational policy. A
formal risk based frameworkcan be a useful tool for decomposing the problem of risk management in petroleumindustry. The risks in petroleum
industry are mainly based on machinery breakdown,human mistakes, and changes in natural environment. In order to avoid the effects of these
risks, companies must employ an effective risk management framework whichprovides solutions tailored not only to the industry, but also to the
specific companyand sectors in which it operates.The study provides a reasoned discussion on critical appraisal of BP approach torisk
management. With reference to oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, there is no doubt
that BP had “competent risk managers who did their jobs properly” and appropriate“compliance system, regulators and oversight mechanisms”
but few main reasons
of the disaster were an outdated organizational structure, a chronic shortage of resources, a lack of sufficient technological expertise and
inherent difficulty of coordinating effectively with all other government agencies that had statutoryresponsibility for some aspect of offshore oil and
gas activities (NationalCommission, 2011). On the basis of these evidences, it can be said that BPmanagement ignored some critical facts and
use minimum safety precautions as itdrilled offshore oil well.