Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2
PREPARED BY: HERIL JAIN-UG190554
4
Table of Contents
A. Design details:........................................................................................................................................ 1
B. Scope of work:........................................................................................................................................ 2
C. Things to be considered before designing a foundation:......................................................2
D. soil Strata representing all the five boreholes:.........................................................................3
E. Problem statement 1........................................................................................................................... 4
F. Problem statement 2......................................................................................................................... 13
G. Problem statement 3........................................................................................................................ 22
H. Summary table 30
Table Index
Table 1: Common details for designing foundation
Table 2: Bore hole number 1
Table 3: Iterations for isolated footing
Table 4: Bore hole number 3
Table 5: Iterations for isolated footing
Table 6: Bore hole number 4
Table 7: Iterations for multiple piles
Table 8: final summary table
Image Index
Image 1: image representing all the five stratas
Image 2: image representing the strata
Image 3: image representing the shear criteria
Image 4: image representing the settlement criteria
Image 5: image representing the strata
Image 6: image representing the strata
Image 7: image representing shear and settlemetn criteria for CL layer
Image 8: image representing shear and settlemetn criteria for CI layer
Image 9: image representing strata and group of piles
Image 10: depth of overburden pressure at layer 1(0-3.5m)
Image 11: depth of overburden pressure at layer 2(0-10m)
Image 12: depth of overburden pressure at layer 3(0-17.5m)
Image 13: depth of overburden pressure at layer 4(0-26m)
Image 14: image representing strata and piles
Image 15: PLAN view- pile layout
INTRODUCTION
A. DESIGN DETAILS:
Construction of a Residential and commercial building is proposed at the site near Sanand,
Gujarat. Required laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate different soil properties and
three critical borehole were provided after site investigation work. Given below is the data on
the different cases of the structure and the load acting on it. Based on the given data,
different foundations have been designed for each case as required.
Details for designing foundation
Bore hole data
Load transferred
Serial no. Details to be Reference
(kN)
considered
IS 13365 (part-1):
3 1998, Data for hard
rocks (giving strength
and rock material)
TABLE 1: COMMON DETAILS FOR DESIGNING FOUNDATION
1|P a g e
INTRODUCTION
B. SCOPE OF WORK:
The report covers analysis and design of different types of foundation, shallow or deep, as
required, for a structure under different loading conditions, as given in the problem
statement discussed in the next part. The design depends on the type of structure,
geotechnical parameters, variations in the soil strata and the loads acting on the structure. A
comparative study of the soil data from all five boreholes was done in order to select the
worst conditions of the soil strata.
2|P a g e
SOIL PROFILE
3|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
Angle of
BULK Cohesion
Soil Sampling Details N Specific internal
Depth (m) Legend DENSITY, C Cc
Classification Value gravity friction
gm/cc Kg/cm2
(0)
Depth (m) Type
0
0.5
1 CI- medium
1.5 CI plasticity clay 1.5 SPT 7 2.62
2
2.5
3 3 UDS 1.99 2.53 0.22 29
3.5
4
4.5 4.5 SPT 4 2.51
5
5.5 SC SC- Clayey sand
6 6 DS 2.60
6.5
7
7.5 7.5 SPT 21 2.51
8
8.5
9 CI- medium 9 UDS 2.07 2.59
CI
9.5 plasticity clay
10 10 UDS 2.19 2.55 0.4 11 0.32
4|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
2 2
5|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
Overburden pressure
6|P a g e
For bearing capacity factors of Mixed shear failure, firstly we need to calculate factors for
general and local shear based on that mixed shear failure bearing capacity factors can be
calculated,
Shape factors:
Shape Sc Sq Sy
Inclination factors:
Ic Iq Iy
1 1 1
7|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
Depth Factor:
Dc = 1 + 0.2×
D
B ( ∅
) 2
(
× tan 45+ = 1 + 0.2 × × tan 45+
2 2
27.69
2
=1.33 )
Dq = Dy = 1 + 0.1×
D
B ( ∅
) 2
(
× tan 45+ = 1 + 0.1 × × tan 45+
2 2
27.69
2
=1.17 )
Dc Dq Dy
As (D+B= 4 m) and water table is encountered at 0.5 m, so W’ = 0.5 (As per IS 6403)
Qu = (C ×Nc × Sc × Dc × Ic)+¿
= 1136.8 kN/m 2
Qu 1136.8
Factor of safety = = =454.72 kN /m2 = Safe ultimate bearing capacity
2.5 2.5
As Safe ultimate bearing capacity > Pressure applied 454.72 kN/m 2 >160 kN /m2 ), therefore
footing is safe for shear criteria.
8|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
Overburden pressure
Si=q × B ( 1−µ2
Eavg)If
'
μ= pisso n sratio=0.32
9|P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
2
Eavg =8900 kN / m
Si = 160×2 ׿ ¿
Consolidation Settlement-Sc:
For CI layer:
Cc1∗H Δσ + σ
Sc1= ∗log ( 01 01 )
1+e 1 σ 01
Overburden pressure and applied pressure to be calculated for 0.25 m from base of footing.
Applied Pressure:
160× 2× 2
Δσ 01= = 126.4 kN /m2
2.25× 2.25
Sc1=0.32×
1
1+0.58
×(26.4 +126.4
26.4 )
=77.22mm
10 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
L D
=1 , =1
B √L B
St =(77.22+30.66)×0.8 × 0.74=67.41mm
As per IS 1904 permissible settlement limit for Isolated foundation for RCC structures in
plastic clay is 75 mm so, this design is Safe from settlement.
454.72
Allowable bearing capacity: ×75 = 505.9 kN / m2
67.41
As Allowable bearing capacity >Pressure applied, 505.9 kN/m2 > 160 k N /m2, therefore footing
is safe in shear design.
Settlement
Sr. no. L (m) B (m) Depth (m) Shear criteria Reason to go for specific
criteria
1 2 2 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
2 2.25 2.25 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
3 2.5 2.5 1.5 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
4 2.75 2.75 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
5 3 3 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
Is economical than others
6 2 2 2 Pass Pass
and is safe in all criteria
11 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
0
0.5 0.5 DS
1 CL
1.5 1.5 UDS 1.63 2.66 0.32 14 0.26
2
2.5
3 CL- low 3 SPT 13
3.5 plasticity clay
4
4.5 4.5 UDS 1.67 2.67 0.29 14 0.24
5
5.5
6 6 SPT 19
6.5
7
7.5 7.5 UDS 1.72 2.67 0.36 16 0.29
8 CI- medium
CI
8.5 plasticty Clay
9 9 SPT 24
9.5
10
10.5 10.5 UDS 1.76 2.64 0.24 30
11
11.5
12 12 SPT 33
12.5
13
13.5 13.5 UDS 1.77 2.65 0.26 32
14
14.5
15 SC SC- Clayey sand 15 SPT 35
15.5
16
16.5 16.5 UDS
17
17.5
18 18 SPT
18.5
19
19.5 19.5 UDS
20
29 19
As void ratio is in greater than 0.75 (e<0.75), Local shear failure occurs.
Load 10915
Pressure = = =19.81 kN /m2
Area 19 ×29
Shape factors:
Sc Sq Sy
15 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
16 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
17 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
18 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
Inclination factors:
Ic Iq Iy
1 1 1
Depth Factor:
Dc = 1 + 0.2×
D
B ( ∅
)
× tan 45+ = 1 + 0.2 ×
2
3
19 (
× tan 45+
18.3
2
=1.05 )
Dq = Dy = 1 + 0.1×
D
B ( ∅
)
× tan 45+ = 1 + 0.1 ×
2
3
19 (
× tan 45+
18.3
2 )
=1.02
Dc Dq Dy
Qu =
(C ' × Nc ' × Sc × Dc × Ic )+( q ×(Nq '−1)× Sq × Dq × Iq)+(0.5 × B × γ × Ny ' × Sy × Dy × Iy ×W ' )
= 818.14 kN/m2
Qu 818.14
Factor of safety = = =327.26 kN /m2 = Safe ultimate bearing capacity
2.5 2.5
As Safe ultimate bearing capacity > Pressure applied 327.26 kN/m 2 >19.81 kN /m2 ), therefore
footing is safe for shear criteria.
19 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
( )
2
1−µ
S I =q × B If
Eavg
E=Young modulus :
E for SC layer: 320×(33+15)=15360 kN / m 2 (For N value -33) (As per Ranjan and Rao)
E for SC layer: 320×(35+15)=16000 kN / m 2 (For N value -35) (As per Ranjan and Rao)
2
Eavg =20800 kN / m
S I = 19.81×19 × ¿¿
Consolidation Settlement-Sc:
For CL layer 1:
Cc1∗H Δσ 01+ σ 01
Sc1= ∗log ( )
1+e 1 σ 01
20 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
Applied Pressure:
31.01×19 × 29
Δσ 01= = 17.11 kN /m2
20.75× 30.75
Sc1=0.25×
3.5
1+0.877
× (
56.51+17.11
56.51 )
=55.68 mm
For CI layer 2:
Cc 2∗H Δσ + σ
Sc2 = ∗log ( 02 02 )
1+e 2 σ 02
Applied Pressure:
31.01×19 × 29
Δσ 02= = 13.78 kN /m2
24 × 33
2
σ 01=( 15.98× 1.5 ) + ( 16.37 ×1 ) +((16.37−10) ×2)+((16.86−10)×3)+((17.24−10)× 0.5)=77.28 kN /m
21 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
Sc1=0.29×
3
1+0.86
× (
77.28+ 13.78
77.28 )
=31.9 mm
L D
=1.5 , =0.13
B √L B
St =(33.73+ 87.6)× 0.8× 0.97=94.15 mm
As per IS 1904 permissible settlement limit for Raft foundation for RCC structures weighted
average in plastic clay and sand is 100 mm so, this design is Safe from settlement.
94.15
Allowable bearing capacity: ×100 = 347.58 kN / m 2
327.26
As Allowable bearing capacity >Pressure applied, 347.58 kN/m2 > 19.81 k N /m2, therefore
footing is safe in shear design.
Settlement
Sr. no. L (m) B (m) Depth (m) Shear criteria Reason to go for specific
criteria
1 22 16 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
1.5
2 23 17 Pass Fail Fails in settlement
Is economical than others
3 30 20 2 Pass Pass
and is safe in all criteria
Is more safe in settlement,
4 29 19 3 Pass Pass
but little expensive
23 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
24 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
IMAGE 10: DEPTH OF OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AT LAYER 1(0-3.5M) IMAGE 11: DEPTH OF OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AT LAYER 2(0-10M)
IMAGE 9: IMAGE REPRESENTING STRATA AND GROUP OF PILES IMAGE 12: DEPTH OF OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AT LAYER 3(0-17.5M) IMAGE 13: DEPTH OF OVERBURDEN PRESSURE AT LAYER 4(0-26M)
25 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
Length (m) = 31 m
Qb=qc N j N d A P +q c πD LS αβ
¿ 50000 kN /m2
N d =1 ¿)
β=1 value as per IS 12070 IMAGE 14: IMAGE REPRESENTING STRATA AND PILES
A P= Area of pile toe = 0.16m2
26 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
Number of Piles = 2
As load carried by group of piles > Load given, 9568.8 kN > 3400 kN, therefore its safe
Number of rows = 2
θ=21.8, ƞ = 0.88
IMAGE 15: PLAN VIEW- PILE LAYOUT
Load carried by group of piles, Qug=8410 kN
Length (m) = 25 m
Layer Depth = 7 m
Qf 1=α i × ci × A s + K i × P d i × A si × tanθ
27 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
A S = 2 × π × r ×h = 2 × π × ( 0.452 )× 7 = 9.89 m 2
Qf 1} =8.26×9.8 ¿ = 81.7 kN
Qf = fs × As
fs = α × Cu
As = 2 × π × r × h = 2 × π × (0.45/2) × 7 = 9.89 m 2
Layer Depth = 6 m
Qf 2=α i × ci × A s + K i × P d i × A si × tanθ
σ n=K ×σ vf = 1× 93.7=93.7 kN / m2
28 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
A S = 2 × π × r ×h = 2 × π × ( 0.452 )× 6 = 8.478 m 2
Qf = fs × As
fs = α × Cu
As = 2 × π × r × h = 2 × π × (0.45/2) × 6 = 8.478 m2
Layer Depth = 9 m
Qf 3=α i × c i × A s + K i × P d i × A si × tanθ
29 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
A S = 2 × π × r ×h = 2 × π × ( 0.452 )× 9 = 12.71 m 2
Qf = fs × As
fs = α × Cu
= 1 × 32 = 32 kN / m 2 (α = 0.9)
As = 2 × π × r × h = 2 × π × (0.45/2) × 9 = 12.7 m 2
Q f 2 ¿ = 32 × 12.77 = 406.9 kN
Layer Depth = 2 m
Qf 3=α i × c i × A s + K i × P d i × A si × tanθ
A S = 2 × π × r ×h = 2 × π × ( 0.452 )× 2 = 4.24 m 2
30 | P a g e
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
Qf =Qf 1+Q f 2 +Q f 3 +Q f 4
Qf 3564
Factor of safety = = =1425.7 k N = Safe ultimate bearing capacity
2.5 2.5
Qb= A P ( 0.5 × D × y × N y + P d × N q )
= 1590.8 kN
= Qb + Qf = 3016.5
Total safe ultimate load bearing capacity of piles = no. of piles×Safe ultimate bearing capacity
=2×3016.5 = 6033 kN
As load carried by group of piles > Load given, 6033 kN > 3400 kN, therefore its safe
Number of rows = 2
θ=21.8, ƞ = 0.88
31 | P a g e
SUMMARY TABLE
RAFT FOOTING
Sr. L B Settlement
Depth (m) Shear criteria Reason to go for specific
no. (m) (m) criteria
SINGLE/MULTIPLE PILE
Sr. Load carried by
D L No. of piles Reason to go for specific
no. pile> load given
32 | P a g e
SUMMARY TABLE
33 | P a g e