FATCFG YAHQGM OCO^C DC^GMGOC

Tcdgf fusg`bfg, scg`b yg`b tgdc`yg c`bc` fukgdcfg` wgftu harsg`tgc u`tuf oaeapgs
oa eapgs eaegm. Yataegm
samgrcg` harlegmrgbg sapar oc`bbu hcgsg`yg, ogegm haruhgm oa`kgdc oloa` pgec`b oa`bgsycfg`
dgrcpgdg mg`yg safadgr oaeapgs rgsg eam dc tuhumfu mgrc c`c.^ufue 79;>> ta`bgm mgrc tgdc, sawgftu
ogtgfu yg`b tarkgbg c`c ouegc famceg`bg` grgm dgego parscgbgg``yg dc taopgt durfu, faoudcg` cg
(hgig; ogtg) oa`utup dcrc`yg dg` oaohgwgfu fa gego egc`. Dgego fmgyge`yg gfu mg`yg oa`bcfu

faog`g gego hgwgm sgdgr oa`bgecr, fgra`g gfu harmgrgp hcsg harocopc c`dgm.

Dc sugtu taopgt yg`b haeuo kaegs gsge usue`yg, igmgyg ogtgmgrc oa`ycegufg` ogtgfu yg`b ogscm
harfadcp-fadcp ouegc oaoparmgfg` fagdgg` dc safctgr`yg. Tarecmgt hg`bu`g` hgtu hgtg hasgr
oaog`kg`b fa grgm pabu`u`bg` `bbc harfahut c`c sapar sahugm ha`ta`b rgfsgsg tgf haruku`b.
Da`bg` eahgr scsc`yg safctgr 7> oatar. Gfu hargdg dc gtgs`yg dg` ouegc tgmu dcog`g gfu hardcrc. Hatue
safgec, TAOHLF HAYGX IC@G hcgsg lrg`b-lrg`b oa`yahut`yg.
―Ya`g`b`yg hcsg hargdg dc taopgt c`dgm dg` harsakgrgm sapar c`c.‟ ukgrfu dgego mg.
Oa`cfog c`dgm`yg ol`uoa` pgec`b tarfa`ge, yg`b hgmfg` ogsuf dgego fgtablrc 2 Fagkgchg` Du`cg,
oaohugtfu EQ^G hgmwg du`cg yg`b futaopg sggt c`c mg`yg sahugm jg`tgsc haegfg.
―G`dgc gfu oaohgwg sahugm fgoarg, pgs sudgm fu kaprat sagp sudut yg`b fuecmgt c`c.‟
pcfcrfu.Yakuf`yg g`bc` oaohugtfu pa`gsgrg` u`tuf oaecmgt sagp sudut dc taohlf c`c. Fafg ma`dgf
oaecmgt hgbcg` hgwgm taohlf dgrc gtgs, hg-hg tarda`bgr sugrg. Badahuf badahuf… Hu`yc ouegc

tar`bcg`b dc taec`bgfu, dcsggt c`drg pa`bmecmgtg` oa`bgrgm fa fg`g` kgeur parkgeg`g` taohlf. Gfu
oaecmgt dgrc kgrgf fu hardcrc safctgr 8>> oatar dcsg`g sabarlohleg` sc`bg hasgr haregrc fa
grgmfu.^argsgg`fu yg`b sggt ctu hc`bu`b harigopur fasge, eg`bsu`b haregrc da`bg` fa`ig`b eurus fa
dgpg`. Hatgpg dgf, kcfg gfu oaelopgt fa scsc eugr pu`, ou`bfc` `ygwgfu kubg gfg` mceg`b fgra`g
`bbc`yg ha`ta`b c`c satgrg sahugm hufct dg` eahcm pgrgm`yg egbc dc haegfg`bfu sc`bg-sc`bg bg`gs ouegc
oa`yarhufu.

Haregrc dg` tarus haregrc wgegu fgfc targsg sg`bgt eaegm, tgpc ctuegm yg`b sadg`b gfu egfufg` fgra`g tgf
gdg igrg egc` faiugec haregrc safa`ig`b-fa`ig`b`yg u`tuf oa`yaegogtfg` dcrc.

Hahargpg sggt faoudcg` gfu tarma` fafg oaecmgt `ygwgfu sudgm dgf pu`yg mgrgpg` egbc dctgohgm
fgfc yg`b sudgm tgf ogopu oaeg`bfgm dgego parcswg harhgmgyg c`c, fgra`g saaflr sc`bg hugs hargdg
dc dapg`fu da`bg` kgrgf 1> oatar. ―Gstgbg fgegu habc`c, gfu mg`yg hcsg pgsrgm fapgdgou tumg`.‟

uigpfu. Dgego fagdgg` yg`b ou`bfc` dgf hcsg dchgyg`bfg`. Gfu oa`ilhg oa`a`g`bfg`
oa `a`g`bfg` mg, dg`
hardgogc da`bg` dcrcfu sa`dcrc. Gfu hartg`yg ―Tu`bbu-tu`bbu, fa`gpg gfu hargdg dc taopgt c`c<‟
―Yadg`bfg` gfu dgf tgmu kgeg` fa `abarc c`c.‟ eg`kutfu dgego mg yg`b gbgf ta`g`b. Tarhasct
fasgdgrg`fu yg`b oaogmgoc ta`tg`b fakgdcg` saoug c`c. Gfu oaohufg ogtg oaecmgt tuhumfu ogscm
hargdg dc g`tgrg sabarlohleg` sc`bg dgrc haegfg`b dg` saaflr sc`bg pgec`b hasgr dgrc dapg` yg`b
oa`dafgt fa grgm sa–l`bblf dgbc`b sabgr, ygm dgbc`b ctu gdgegm dcrcfu. Yc`bg-sc`bg yg`b haregrc
eg`bsu`b oaelopgt fa grgmfu da`bg` igfgr dg` tgrc`b-tgrc`b`yg yg`b tgkgo wuuz… safafg tarmg`
habctu sgkg, sggt oarafg oaecmgtfu tartgwg. ―Mgmgmgmg… May fgecg` ogu ogfg` gpg dgrcfu<‟ tuhumfu
dg` fgecg` mg`yg ceusc dgego fagdgg` safgrg`b c`c, gfu c`c sadg`b harocopc.‟ ―Fgecg` dcicptgfg` leam
pcfcrg`fu sa`dcrc, hgmfg` hufg` fgecg` sgkg, saoug yg`b fuecmgt iuog gdg dc mgeusc`gscfu.‟ eg`kutfu pgdg
hc`gtg`b-hc`gtg`b ctu yg`b sapar`yg oa`bar uigpg`fu.

Yafgrg`b sc`bg-sc`bg ctu oa`u`duf pgdgfu faoudcg` ea`ygp tgf tgmu faog`g.
fa og`g. Gfu pu` faohgec

oa`cfog paog`dg`bg` c`dgm dgrc gtgs taohlf hasgr, hahargpg sggt kubg saoug`yg yg`b fu ecmgt
scr`g sapar sc`bg sc`bg tgdc. Ogtgfu yg`b ouegc tarhufg oaohugtfu sgdgr, fgegu gfu sudgm faohgec fa
 

fgogrfu egbc, dg` dgego faeaegmg` fgfc yg`b furgsgfg` fgra`g sudgm haregrcg` dgego pcfcrg`fu sa`dcrc,
gfu pu` tarsa`yuo pugs taegm oaeawg
oa eawg ocopc yg`b oa`bgsycfg` mgrc c`c. Fakgdcg` c`c oa
oaoharcfu
oharcfu pasg`
hgmwg fatgfutg`, fac`dgmg`, rgsg sa`g`b gtgu darctg saoug`yg mg`yg gdg dc dgego pcfcrg`fu, hufg`
mg`yg dc du`cg ocopc, tgpc kubg du`cg `ygtg.

A@D.

Q`sur C`trc`scf Iarpa` ;

7.Taog

 ’ Fmgygeg`.

8. Egtgr

-Rgftu ; Ycg`b Mgrc.

-Taopgt ; Dc Fgogr Tcdur.

-Yugsg`g ; Oa`bgsycfg`.

9. Geur

-Ogku.

-Fgra`g kgeg` iarctg dckaegsfg` saigrg ru`tut ouegc dgrc pa`ba`geg` egtgr
egtgr dg` ogsgegm sgopgc fa fl`cf
dg` dc gfmcr iarctg tardgpgt
t ardgpgt pa`yaeasgcg` fl`cf.

4. ^a`lflmg` ;

 ’ Gfu ; paocopc, paoharg`c, parcg`b.

parcg`b.

1.Yudut pg`dg`b ;

-lrg`b partgog sahgbgc paegfu utgog.

-Huf ; Iarpa` hg`bfct oa`bbu`gfg` fgtg bg` ―gfu‟ sahgbgc tlflm utgog dg` oa`bcsgmfg` ta`tg`b
dcrc`yg sa`dcrc.

:. Bgyg Hgmgsg

Hgmgsg yg`b dcbu`gfg` oa`grcf, dg` dgpgt dc oa`bar leam paohgig.

2. Gog`gt

Fakgdcg` c`c oaoharcfg` pasg` hgmwg fatgfutg`, fac`dgmg`,

fa c`dgmg`, rgsg sa`g`b gtgu darctg saoug`yg mg`yg

gdg dc dgego pcfcrg`, hufg` mg`yg dc du`cg ocopc, tgpc kubg du`cg `ygtg.
 

Q`sur Afstrc`scf Iarpa` ;

7. @cegc Ylscge

―Yafgrg`b sc`bg-sc`bg ctu oa`u`duf pgdgfu faoudcg` ea`ygp tgf tgmu faog`g.‟

8. @cegc Hudgyg

―Tarecmgt hg`bu`g` hgtu hgtg hasgr oaog`kg`b fa grgm pabu`u`bg` `bbc harfahut c`c sapar sahugm
ha`ta`b rgfsgsg tgf haruku`b. Da`bg` eahgr scsc`yg safctgr 7> oatar. Gfu hargdg dc gtgs`yg dg` ouegc
tgmu dcog`g gfu hardcrc. Hatue safgec, TAOHLF HAYGX IC@G hcgsg lrg`b-lrg`b oa`yahut`yg.‟

9. @cegc Olrge

―Yc`bg-sc`bg yg`b haregrc eg`bsu`b oaelopgt fa grgmfu da`bg` igfgr dg` tgrc`b-tgrc`b`yg yg`b tgkgo
wuuz…‟
 

Dcg Ygmghgtfu

^gdg sugtu mgrc mcdupegm dug lrg`b sgmghgt oarafg har`gog smaeey dg` ya``c. Oarafg harsgmghgt
saegog 9 tgmu` egog`yg. Ymaeey dg` ya``c sgec`b oa`ygyg`bc hgmfg` hg`ygf lrg`b-lrg`b yg`b
oa`yg`bfg hgmwg oarafg sgudgrg fg`du`b. Yagp pgbc sahaeuo harg`bfgt fasaflegm smaeey saegeu
parbc faruogm Sa``c u`tuf harsgog harg`bfgt fa saflegm.

^gdg scg`b mgrc`yg sasugc da`bg` ra`ig`g yg`b oarafg taegm sapgfg sahaeuo`yg, oarfg gfg` parbc fa
swgegyg` yg`b dgf hargdg kgum dgrc saflegm oarafg. Oarafg parbc fa swgegyg` u`tuf oaohaec sahugm
fgdl dg` fua yg`b gfg` oarafg haecfg` u u`tuf
`tuf `a`af smaeey. @a`af Ymaeey gdgegm lrg`b yg`b hgcf. Cg
saegeu hgcf dg` rgogm fapgdg Sa``c wgegupu` Sa``c hufg` iuiu dgrc sg`b @a`af. Hufg` mg`yg ctu
@a`af smaeey kubg tarfgdg`b oao
oaoharcfg`
harcfg` `gscmgt dg` ug`b sgfu Iuog-Iuog fapgdg oarafg.

Rgftu sudgm oa`u`kuffg` pufue 9 slra tatgpc haeuo kubg gdg fghgr yg`b pgs dgrc Sa``c. Yaohgrc
oa`u`bbu fadgtg`bg` Sa``c , Ymaeey oaohgig `lvae yg`b sahaeuo`yg dc haec dc Tlfl Hufu eg`bbg`g`
oarafg harsgog Sa``c. Oaohgig `lvae gdgegm mlhc yg`b dcocecfc smaeey, harhadg da`bg` Sa``c yg`b
eahcm oaocecm u`tuf harogc`
harogc` hgsfat. Oasfcpu` mlhc orafg y
yg`b
g`b harhadg tatgpc oarafg tatgp dgpgt

harsgog. Hceg gdg egmg` hgsfat dc saflegm ogfg smaeey saegeu sag oa`u`bbu Sa``c saohgrc
oa`barkgfg` tubgs gtgu safadgr u`tuf oaeg`kutfg` oaohgig `lvae.

―Gdum Sa``c faog`g yg<, Tg`yg smaeey dgego mg‟ Ymaeey yg`b oargsg pg`cf tarmgdgp Sa``c fgra`g
sudgm 9 kgo sataegm dcrc`yg oa`u`bbu
oa`u`bbu dgf gdg fghgr yg`b pgs dgrc Sa``c. ― Ymaeey ― Tarcgf salrg`b
raogkg yg`b hargdg dgf kgum dgrc fahargdgg``yg. ― oggj, tgdc gfu mgrus oaoharscmfg` egpg`bg`
sahaeuo pueg`b, fgra`g gfu eupg oa`barkgfg` tubgs Ogtaogfg ― Kgwgh Sa``c. Da`bg` wgkgm fasge
safgecbus fgscmg` sataegm oa`da`bgrfg` gegsg` yg`b dcharcfg` Sa``c gfmcr`yg Ymaeey oaoutusfg` u`tuf
parbc fa Ywgegyg`. ― fg` gfu udgm par`gm hceg`b, fgel gdg tubgs ctu eg`bsu`b dcfarkgc` ogeao`yg ―
Ymaeey oaohar `gscmgt fapgdg Sa``c da`bg` sadcfct ogrgm.

Yataegm sgopgc dc taopgt yg`b oarafg tuku ygctu swgegyg`, oarafg eg`bsu`b sabarg oaohaec fua dg`
oaocecm fcrg-fcrg fgdl yg`b og`g yg`b pg`tgs u`tuf @a`af Ymaeey. Ymaeey dg` Sa``c oaoutusfg` u`tuf
oaohaec hgku sahgbgc mgdcgm yg`b gfg` oarafg haecfg` fapgdg @a`af. Hgku harwgr`g fu`c`b yg`b
ililf da`bg` fuec @a`af yg`b harwgr`g iufup iargm oaohugt oarafg oargsg ctuegm mgdcgm yg`b pgs
dg` ililf u`tuf oarafg harcfg` fapgdg @a`af. Hgbc Sa``c, @a`af Ymaeey gdgegm `a`af`yg kubg fgra`g,
@a`af Ymaeey kubg saegeu oa`ygogfg` fgscm sgyg`b yg`b cg harcfg` fapgdg Ymaeey dg` Sa``c. Ogfg dgrc
ctu, Sa``c saegeu oa`ygyg`bc saoug faeugrbg Ymaeey. Hgbc Sa``c oa`baeugrfg` ug`b ctu tgf ogsgegm
gsgefg` @a`af gtgu faeugrbg Ymaeey yg`b egc` hgmgbcg. Yataegm saeasgc oaohaeg`kgfg` fahutumg` gpg
sgkg yg`b oarafg c`bc`fg`, oarafg oaoutusfg` u`tuf pueg`b fgra`g oarafg sudgm dctu`bbu dc Xuogm
@a`af leam faeugrbg Ymaeey. Ogfg dgrc ctu, oarafg oaoutusfg` u`tuf iapgt-iapgt pueg`b.

Yasgopgc`yg dc Xuogm, oarafg sabarg dcsgohut leam faeugrbg Ymaeey. Faeugrbg Ymaeey sudgm

oa`bbg`bbgp Sa``c sahgbgc faeugrbg. Faharsgogg` yg`b dgf hcsg dc dgpgtfg` dc dgego faeugrbg Sa``c
 

dgpgt Cg dgpgtfg` dc sggt harsgog da`bg` faeugrbg Ymaeey. Yaegc` ctu hgcf faeugrbg Ymaeey kubg saegeu
oaoparmgfg` Sa``c.

Sa``c mg`yg `bbge hardug da`bg` gygm`yg

gygm`yg saegc` ctu, gygm Sa`
Sa``c
`c sarc`b parbc oa`c`bbgefg` Sa``c
u`tuf oa`igrc ug`b hardgbg`b dc eugr
eugr fltg. Da`bg` fgtg egc`, Sa``c saegeu o
oargsg
argsg fasapcg` hgmfg`
fgdg`b a`bbg` u`tuf pueg`b faruogm. Chu Sa``c taegm egog hariargc da`bg` Gygm`yg furg`b eahcm
saoa`kgf Sa``c haruour 77 tgmu`. Yaoa`kgf Gygm dg` Chu`yg hariargc Sa``c dgf par`gm hartaou
Chu`yg. Cg dgf par`gm oargsgfg` parmgg` dgrc salrg`b Chu saoa`kgf fadug lrg`b tug`yg taegm rasoc
hariargc. Leam fgra`g mge ctu, Ymaeey saegeu hargdg dc dafgt Sa``c fgra`g cg dgf c`bc` sgmghgt`yg
oargsg fasapcg` fgra`g hgbc`yg parsgmghgtg` ctu hufg` mg`yg dgpgt dcfgtgfg` dcoueut sgkg tatgpc
dchuffg` da`bg` `ygtg.

G`gecscs Q`sur C`strc`scf dg` Afstrc`scf

7. Q`sur C`strc`scf

g. Tlflm

 -Ymaeey

 -Sa``c

 -@a`af

h. ^a`lflmg`

 -Ymaeey ; Hgcf, Xgkc`, ^c`tgr

 -Sa``c ; Hgcf, Ogegs

 -@a`af; Hgcf

i. Egtgr

 - Yaflegm

 - Ywgegyg`

 - Xuogm @a`af

d. Yudut ^g`dg`b
 

Dgego pa`uecsg` iarpa` c`c pa`uecs oa`uecsfg` iarpa` da`bg` oa`bbu`gfg` sudut pg`dg`b lrg`b
fabg fgra`g dgego pa`uecsg` iarpa` oa`iarctgfg` fcsgm lrg`b egc`.

a. Taog

^arsgmghgtg`

j. Gog`gt

Gog`gt yg`b dc sgopgcfg` dgrc iarpa` dc gtgs gdgegm fctg mgrus oa`ygyg`bc lrg`b egc` wgegupu` fctg
dgf gdg harmuhu`bg` dgrgm dg` sgec`b oa`bar sgtu sgog egc`.

8. Q`sur Afstrc`scf

Egtgr Haegfg`b Ogsygrgfgt

Egtgr haegfg`b yg`b dctuecsfg` dgrc iarpa` dcgtgs yg`b taegm dcsgopgcfg` pa`uecs gdgegm gdg`yg fgscm
sgyg`b dgrc ec`bfu`bg` safctgr yg`b oaohugt oa`bugt`yg parsgmghgtg` yg`b dciarctgfg` leam pa`uecs.
pa`uecs.

@cegc-`cegc yg`b tarfg`du`b dgego Iarpa`

g. @cegc Hudgyg

@cegc Hudgyg yg`b dgpgt fctg paegkgrc dgrc iarpa` dcgtgs gdgegm fugt`yg parsgmghgtg` yg`b ogscm tarkgec`
tark gec`
dcg`tgrg oarafg wgegupu` parhadgg` scjgt yg`b oarafg ocecfc.

h. @cegc Olrge

@cegc Olrge yg`b dgpgt fctg gohce dgrc iarpa`

i arpa` dcgtgs gdgegm fctg mgrus sa`g`gsg oaoc`tg oggj gpghceg
tardgpgt fasgegmg` hgcf ctu fapgdg sgmghgt tardafgt safgecpu`.