INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER 2.

Potential Transformer

- carefully designed, extremely accurate ratio

- Specially constructed accurate-ratio
transformer used in conjunction with
standards low-range instruments to measure
comparatively high values of current or
voltage.
Two kind of Instrument Transformer
step-down transformers. They are used with
standard low-range voltmeters, the
deflection of which, when multiplied by the
ratio of transformation gives true voltage on
the high side.
- ordinary 150-volt voltmeter are generally
used with such transformers to indicate
indirectly the primary voltage.

1. Current Transformer

- used with an ammeter to measure current

in an ac circuit.
- usually connected to ordinary 5-amp
ammeters.
- has primary coils of one or more turns of
heavy wires which is always connected in
series in the circuit in which the current is to
be measured.
- the secondary has a great many turns of
fine wires, which must always be connected
across the ammeter terminal (5-amp range,
as a rule); the latter indirectly indicates the
current flowing in the primary.

VLine
a=
VRe ading

Example #3: ]

A 200:5 current transformer is connected to

a 5-amp ammeter . If the latter register
3.75amp. What is the line current?
Solution : Additive Polarity:

I Line Vp '
a= = Vp '+
Vreading
I Re ading a
 200 
=  ( 3.75 )
 5 
Example #5: ]
I Line = 150 A
A 4600/ 230V distribution transformer is tested for
polarity. If 115V is impressed across terminal H1 and
Example #4:] H2. What will the voltmeter register if a) polarity is
additive; b) polarity is subtractive
A 70:1 potential transformer and a 300V voltmeter are
connected for the measurement of the high-voltage of
a distribution transformer. Id the voltmeter deflection Solution :
is 188.6, what is the transmission line voltage?
a)
Vp '
= Vp '+
Vreading
Solution: a
115
VLine = aVreading = 115 +
20
 70  Vreading = 120.75V
=   (188.6)
 1 
VLine = 13.2kV
b)
Vp '
= Vp '−
Vreading
TRANSFORMER POLARITY
a
115
= 115 −
- The polarity of a transformer refers to the 20
relative directions of the induced voltages in Vreading = 109.25V
the primary and secondary winding with
respect to the manner in which the terminal
leads are brought out and marked.

Subtractive Polarity:

Vp '
= Vp '−
Vreading
a