Anglo-Saxon Poetry i ag Beowulf Myths and legends Propel ver the word tel stores. The tell stories of films they have sen, books they have rea or simply ‘xprences ty have ha, Stoyeling sod asa himel Lang before Tor cnn oven baa as | themn frm of entoaiment. Stores were passed on rom geerason to gerestn an some those eit ‘sos ast with us eda the or ogni a el ales ‘QD tisen tothe Canadian legend about how the sky was created and then answer the questions. ‘5 What hape waste ath ginal? 1. Ware id Obuel go 0 sop? 1 Wht cid Oba ov? ‘9. Wore Ob srais on ent sanen he i? hyo atta go th Obs? Fr ow vrei senants reminded other mare? Whit did Obj do with Paeas stone nectar? Who ch Patel may? What Ob do with the cat 5. How many een i they have? | InTRODUCTION Beowulf was writen in Anglo-Saxon (Old English, the language which, through ‘he centuries, has developed into the English language we know today As Anglo-Saxon i ikea foreign language evento a native speaker of English, the extracts you ate going to read have been translated Into mocern English, The tansaton by Francis Gunmere (publishes in 1910) closely follows the org nal text and maintains some ofits syitic features. There isa simplified madern English teanlation to ‘the ight in Tee BL Tue srony 5, ‘tga King of Denn, whi Kngdom was eng aad by a daring ‘morse named Cron. Grendel es proeted By a magi Spl asl eat bp eaporsmadeby man. He ned te wastelands, ane ight hei hg hall caring of nities est i ‘Beol red inthe meny Kingdn of Grote Fram avy ey eb shoe os oF great strength and exraodnary owe. He Killed mony en monits a defo his) our om eey atc. Wen he ed rama of Ges mundo acs, decide he Briar Heed some of is rast falowes rsd te et Daa whe hey ewes ye ig i es ws ed a hl ham ‘That pt evar eo. Grell ented tar’ al en ld ne of Booval mes. eo name, fngt te nse ad wih his eat set {ore out one of Gren’ ars at the hour Maral wow, roel rete 1 omen te suring estlnds > Text 3D, ‘Grendes mater cameo avenge her ner ofl nary an cai of Denis ‘bina and Gren’ to offer. eal and i flowed te lo re the am an ure ie ae wre rostrata ad ge. av ple he ake a va roe chamber He gt Gretta ling ar with od Sd ‘he od in a newt ese. Gena’ bay nasal ng theca 0 Be Af is ead cd th it ack ig Htc (> Text 82) The ws reat fst in he al elevate Beri vite ad ae i ho eared hs home aunty, whee ews mae Kg“ate ity yas gon hich was: Ua ut es arly eed he procs. ‘Beowulf Mortally Wounds Grendel (.) Now manyan eat of Beowul brandlsed® bade ances, fain theif of theioné to shel, ‘heir raised rine power were thes ever they kes as they eared the oe, sad hearted eoes of, siming thelr swords om every side the accused to ill noleenet” blade. no fet of alehion# fashioned? on ert, ould harm or hart tat hideous fend! He was safe, by his spells, from sword of battle, ‘hom edge fron Yet ns end and parting con that same day of this our ie ‘woefl” should be, ais wandering soul {arf it othe fen domain”. Soon he found, who in former days, harmful n heart and hated of God fom many aman such murder wrought, ‘atthe frame of is body aed him now. Forhim the keen souled Kinsman" of ygelac™ eld n and nate alive ras each Yo ote, The ota die tock mortal hr a mighty wound showed on his shoulder and sinews” cracked, and the boneframe burst. To Beowulf now the sory was given and Grendel thence “eats his den inthe dk moor sought, noisome abode he ne 00 well that ere was the ast of if, an end of his days on eat, Ferenc SR] 4 fait Seat pent 5: selhey 6 toc 15h dnain: een Senarmnatinber fl eg ew had tfc anther el ret, fio bething sry he county, Aten he mas, ecw aye he yy nthe alee cedeconteg Beep haanoe ‘senoee sate dy ‘ngansone Qo eons ran ‘many ar eens tom these cs ‘eng to oe tha ch, ‘atta cd mo oo hey ‘oi at have rn tes Tavewas thy ought, sting om all as ecg tofake Cg oo ha ‘tate word coud ar hi = ‘nea eochantmet at {hecdges of wes heen Grete if was ‘ala be woud waa ‘arnt nae ens (Gre he fe of Go who ad Jong owe ests me ‘ths tes fond it Fisk old aot sa pis he ad apo a are ah a afl oe ter aie The howd monster nde rune te ones this snouler gre my Ses pg ou, “heglayofmate weal ‘Romulan Gren, ugh rnd Rome de he fen slope Tetzew sy at Ineo ated sen ‘eer fis ge,fd [FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE MIDDLE AGES ~ Anglo-Saxon Fostry COMPREHENSION 11 What Beounts flowers uy tod? 22 ina ety not know about the monster? 3 Wit e deeds ha Geen donein the pat? SaNaysis | ————_—— 1 Find expresso in Test 1 that ae wed to aot the epeiiono Frequent reusing tems Tonite tne 20 a eawts | oe 1-2 — folowers | toes 2 Cae mes | tne 2 Tne 10 = lna22 = line : tne 8 a 2 yt a9 important ssc dement in pot ‘roughout al ager nai the Anglsxon Pod The Canmere wanton you re reang ties {mata some ofthe egal hhc elements 4 What rtf Grendes body id Boom oun? |5 Where did Grn! go tere was injure? 6 Did Grendel know that he ws going to de? folowing extrac (he stessed lbs arin old ‘ype Are the ines yi? ‘Soom he found, who informer days, | Daten agin encore tne ‘hn heart and hated of God, fon imany saa such murder Wrought, ‘hot the fame of his boy aed him nove 1 Ateaure which regulated the ehythm of Anglo- Socom poe the pause or coeur niga trrwaps ofthe poem is marked by 2 spe Sethe Gunmee wontons repressed by | ‘Tha come of more under misthleotwt | coemeame en he moor ener the ms ls ‘Sen gg Glee ber Grendel stalsng be bore Got ange. Find exp of resin Text 81 hee Gunes te to epruce the argnal casa dviing De he vth comm, colon semicolon oul sto. 1ARNEL Alteration) Ti "One of the most important stylistic elements of Anglo-Saxon poetry is alliteration, literation i the repetition of the same consonant sound tthe beginning or in the middle of two of more words. Anglo-Saxon poetry was recited, often accompanied by usin font ofan audience, Alteration gave the Inge # musical gual. 1 also Dyed the sme role as shyme in later poet; theped the poet andthe audience to ‘memorie the poem litration i Sl widely used in modern English. Songs, mursery rhymes, newspaper Ihednes and advertsements often contain alteration 1 Underine other examples of alteration in Text 1 2 amine the hens below a find explo alteration, z s ~ fvemountain Marathon} _ SMALL SCREEN STAR | ss eee DY Format aves you sind vision 3 Find more example of aiteraonin headines in Engishnenspapes erin “4 Unetine examples of altraon this verse am the Els Ces song shpblng, The esa of is phulng ‘ta en te wo Dring area ie r Winn ne col ving pats [Wefaw moa ate tad atone tem ‘Neem ors tae ose | ‘Ae there any examples of alteration Song that you know? ei lagends have become very popu tad computer games Because of the mix of mag, avertire rd conquest The morse, dragons, msi ngs, capes of vb, secret pions and the motives of xe, ‘feed ana vengeance havea been reproduced in hese games to ete tdas lye. Have you ee pljed | ny ofthese games? What were the fentures you enjoyed?FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE MIDDLE AGES - Anglo-Saxon Poetry Beowulf Kills Grendel's Mother "Mie dhe ate gear saw hea blade taumphant, old-awond of Eons, with ge of pret, ‘rason oom’, weapon unmatched, save only tas more than other men to bandy®ofattle coud bea tall 5 ‘she glats had wrought, ready and keen, Sze then it chant the Seydings chetan, ‘old and tle gn, brandish the sword, reckes of, and so wrathally smote that # gripped her neck and grasped her hard, 10 her bonesngs breaking: the blade pierced through thatfated-one flesh: to oor she sank. Bloody the blade: he was ithe of his ded “Then blazed oth ight. "Tas bight within ts when fom the sky there shines unclouded heaven's candle, The hall be scanned. By the wall hea went he ls weapon sed high by its ls the Hygelacsane™ sngry and eager. Tat edge was not uscess to the warlor now, He wished with speed ‘Grendel to guerdon” for grim ris many, {or the wa he waged on Weste-Danes ‘oftener far than an ony tne ‘when of Hroegar’s hearth*.companions hese in sumber, in seep devoured, fieen men of the fof Danes, and a many others outward bore, bis hob prey, Well pad for that ‘he wrathfal prince! Fr now prone he sw Grendel stetcbed ther, spent with wat, spoiled of fe, so seated had left hm orotate The body sprang ar ‘when after death it ended the Bow, ‘sword-stoke savage that ered ts ead Tpoummonne * Romeo?! fates gta” Eatin ee Sechelt 2a gly“COMPREHENSION, “1 Who tide the sors tht Beowal found? 2 iy ta other men ean abl to ery it nto sate? 3 Which pr of Gren moter body id eon rae? 4 sat happen hat made posse for Seow {ose the body of Gendein the ave? ANALSIS 1 Find examples of ateatin inthe et 2 Weapons were an eset part of ein the Fitoca petodin cn Brot set. Only men Iho belonged to te higher cass Society ead 5 hy cd Beowal want to tak further revenge on Grendel? 6 Haw many of otban’s men had Grendel led? 7 Wes rend tilaive this point? £ How od Booval mutate the monster's body? slowed o have hem. They were on pesonalied tnth names and Randed down fom goeraton ‘generation. Find ence he txt to sugges tat weapons poses a weapon Ser and servants were not ‘wee highly valed by Anglo-Saxon Scie) Meee Formulae Another feature of Anglo-Saxon poetey isthe formulae. These were widely used {Gnd compound nouns or short phases that were synonyms for often repeated words ike ‘Kenmings sup, ‘sex, king’ ornames. |Asthe poems were often composed on the spot about a recent event, formulae gave the es poet ime to think, The word king” for example could be replaced By: og tyte= the tng ger snes ya = the tetuegivetfleowin =a raion end 1 What expresons are wed n Text 82 to eo the repetition of ec Tre 7 ‘ine 18 fine 295 renga mother ie 12: rer We oe 3 Formulae are not simply synonyns seach of them sessed a different aspect ofthe {hing described. 2 Look at both he ents you have ead of. Make ai of he formule you have found ‘or Beowul ha chaacerisie ofthe hero do they emphasise? ‘The most unusual formulae ate known ss Menaings. These are metaphorical phrases that ae used instead of noun, Fr example, a ship was ‘seaswood ora ‘wavesoate, {body was bone-howse’ snd blood was wa-sweat 3 Find a ening in the tens you have rea for ~ poy Cet ne 23) fn et 8 ine 16: — ite your om kening fr thefolowing wine summer school ve, home, money, ‘Example: Christmas = snowsholiay ‘status symbol fan objec whieh shows tat the paras who owns thas a high socal status. Seow’ ‘magnificent sword sts symbol Because t shoe that hes he greats war of is dy nour sac {tere many sates symbol och a sg car, yeaa even the this we we yt thnk of at leas for | ‘jects that ae regarded a8 tats Symbol toa