Chapter 8

Cell: Structure and Functions

Contd..
Ppt 2
 RECAPITULAT
ION
•All organisms are made of smaller parts called organs.

• Organs are made of still smaller parts.

•The smallest living part of an organism is a ‘cell’.

• Cells were first observed in cork by Robert Hooke in 1665.

• Cells exhibit variety of shapes and sizes.

• Number of cells also varies from organism to organism.

• Some cells are big enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Hen’s egg is an example.

• Some organisms are single-celled, while other contain large number of cells.

• The single cell of unicellular organisms performs all the basic functions performed by a variety of cells in
multicellular organisms
Unicellular organisms
Nerve Cell or neuron
 Topics :

Preparing a Diagrams of cells

Basic components temporary mount observed in an
Cell membrane
of a cell of onion peel and onion peel and
human cheek cells human cheek cells

Cell wall Cytoplasm Organelles

 Cell membrane
Basic
component Cytoplasm
s of a cell
are: Nucleus
How to observe the basic components of a
cell?
We need to prepare a slide to be able to see
these.
Preparing a temporary mount of
onion peel Steps :
• Place a small piece of onion peel in a
drop of water on a glass slide
• Add a drop of methylene blue
• Place a coverslip ensuring that there
are no air bubbles under it.
• Observe under a microscope
• https://youtu.be/d5QRWs1Aldo
Observations – Activity 8.3
 Steps

Gently ,scrape the inside of your cheek with a

Similarly we toothpick

can also
prepare a Place it on a drop of water on a glass slide

slide of
human Add a drop of methylene blue or iodine solution and
place a coverslip over it
cheek cells
Observe it under a microscope
Observations – Activity 8.4

https://youtu.be/d5QRWs1Aldo
Functions of the following:
Cell membrane also called
Plasma membrane
• Gives shape to the cell
• Separates cells from one another
and from the surrounding
medium
• Its porous nature allows the
movement of some substances
or materials both inwards and
outwards
Cell wall - additional layer in
plant cells
• Gives shape and rigidity to plant
cells
• Provides protection.
• Provides mechanical support
against gravity
• Is freely permeable and allows
the movement of substances in
and out of cells
Cytoplasm: jelly like substance present
between the cell membrane and nucleus

• Cell Organelles: these

are membrane bound ,
living structures present in
the cytoplasm which
perform various functions
• e.g. mitochondria,
lysosomes , Golgi bodies,
ribosomes etc.
Points to remember

• Basic components of a cell • Detailed structure of a cell

are: cell membrane,
cytoplasm and nucleus.
• Plant cells have a cell wall in
addition to the cell
membrane.
can be observed under a
microscope.
• Stains are used to study the
detailed structure of the cell.

https://youtu.be/wMgXsrpVrJg
 Think and Reason……

• Why do plant cells need an additional covering called the cell

wall?
• Does the cell have a control centre?
• If the cell wall is freely permeable then what controls the entry and
exit of substances in a plant cell?
• Are there any differences between plant and animal cells?