Muhammad 

Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

3. Brick masonry (Salient features)

•Composite of bricks and mortar
Size of brick : 9”
•Size 9 x 4.5
4 5” x 3
3” (standard size)
•Actual size (8.5” x 4” x 2.5” ) is little less
than this to incorporate 0.5” thick mortar
•Mortar is a mixture of cement (C), sand (S)
and water (W) expressed in two ratios
• C:S = 1:3
•W/C ratio = 0.45

Note: Block masonry can also be used.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

4. DPC (Damp Proof Course)

Horizontal DPC
Vertical DPC
Inclined DPC
5. Members for structural safety
against earthquake
Vertical stiffeners
Plinth band
Lintel band
Lintel

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

6. Stairs
•Tread
Ri
•Riser
•Landing
•Flight
•Head room
•Nosing
•Hand rail

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

7. Brick bonds

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

Symbols

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

III. Architectural design of a house

1. Key points before architectural
design
•Plot location: Availability of electricity, gas,
drinking water, sewerage system, surface
runoff, security, shopping mall etc

•Plot size and orientation

• Bye laws

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

2. Principles of architecture
i. Functionality

ii. Essential services

iii. Structural safety and durability

i Aesthetics
iv. A th ti

v. Economy

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

3. Basic elements for planning a house

i. Living area (Lounge, drawing room)

ii. Sleeping area (bed room, guest room)

iii. Services area (Kitchen, bath, toilet)

i Circulation
iv. Ci l ti area (
(corridors,
d llobbies)
bb )

v. Other area (car porch, lawn etc)

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

4. Key points for arranging basic

elements
i Orientation for
i. f air
i and
d light
li ht circulation
i l ti

ii. Privacy (personal and as a whole)

iii. Grouping for flexibility

iv. Smooth functioning of services

v. Owners wish / requirements

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

5. Method for starting archi. design

•Draw plot area
•Draw covered area
(B l
(Byelaws governs))
•Keep in mind c/c min. size
(varies) of basic elements
•Arrange basic elements
p
•Incorporate wall
thickness & calculate
clear sizes of areas
•Modify a little to create
novelty

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

IV. SEISMIC REQURIEMENTS

1.PLAN DIMENSION must be multiple of
4 5".
4.5

2. ELEVATION DIMENSION must be

multiple of 3".
Full brick 9
9" x 4.5
4.5" x 3"
3
Transverse half brick 4.5" x 4.5" x 3"
Longitudinal half brick 9" x 2.25" x 3" Their use should
Three-quarter brick 6.75" x 4.5" x 3" be minimum.
One-quarter brick 2.25" x 4.5" x 3”

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

3. OPENNINGS:
Opening width should preferably not be more
than 4 ft.

Opening location should be away from the inside

corner by a clear distance equal to at least 1/4
of the height of openings but not less than 2 ft.

Horizontal gap (pier width / wall length)

between two openings (doors and/or windows)
should be at least half the height of the shorter
opening, but not less than 2 ft.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

Opening percentage: The total length of

openings not to exceed 50% of the length of the
g
wall between consecutive cross walls in single-
storey construction, 42% in two-storey
construction and 33% in three storey buildings.

Lintel level: Keep lintel levels same for doors

and windows.

Vertical gap between two openings: should at

least be 2 ft nor less than 1/2 of the width of
the smaller opening.

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

8
Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

4. Locations / layout of stiffeners

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

5. Desirable plans

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

Reasons to incorporate seismic requirements

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

V. Assignment - 02
•Get the copy of BUILDING BYE LAWS from
any development authority (RDA or CDA)

•Highlight the important aspects

•Covered areas for different plot sizes
•Permission for no. of stories
Minimum areas of basic elements
•Minimum
•Stair details (risers and treads)

•Prepare a summary

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Muhammad Ali JInnah University,  10/2/2014
Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering

Any question !

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