7/8


  
  
   
    
  

i
TLE– Grade 7/8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 3: Layout Garden Plots
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for
profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials
from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Loida Palay- Adornado, PhD
Felix M. Famaran

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lucy P. Santiago
Editors: Elizabeth E. Mallari
Reviewers:
Illustrator: Elma C. Palen
Layout Artist: Lucy P. Santiago
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Clemencia G. Paduga
Elizabeth E. Mallari

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education– MIMAROPA Region – Division of Palawan

Office Address: PEO Road, Barangay Bancao-Bancao, Puerto Princesa City

Telephone (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com

ii
 7/8
EXPLORATORY

  


  
   
  
  

iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE Agri – Fishery Arts (Crop Production) 7/8

Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Layout Garden Plots!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you
in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks
included in the module.

iv
For the learner:

Welcome to the TLE Agri – Fishery Arts (Crop Production) 7/8 Alternative Delivery
Mode
(ADM) Module on Layout Garden Plots!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the

skills or
What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to
learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that
aims to
What I Know check what you already know about
the
lesson to take. If you get all the
answers
correct (100%), you may decide to
skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to

help you link
the current lesson with the
previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson

will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways
such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief
discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you
discover
and understand new concepts and
skills.

This comprises activities for

independent
What’s More practice to solidify your
understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check
the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
 What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in
to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity
which will
What I Can Do
help you transfer your new
knowledge or
skill into real life situations or
concerns.
This is a task which aims to
evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the
learning
competency.

v
 In this portion, another
activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all

activities in the
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources

used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

vi
 What I Need to Know
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to select
and use farm
tools and equipment.

Unit of Competency: INTERPRET PLANS AND DRAWINGS (ID) TLE_AFAC9-12ID-

0F-G6
Nominal Duration: 5 days

Modules Lesson: INTERPRET PLANS AND DRAWINGS (ID)

Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this module, you are expected to:

LO 1. Lay-out garden plots

1.1. Design farm plans and layouts according
to crop
grown
1.2. Follow strictly planting system and
practices
according to approved cultural
practices
1.3. Interpret irrigation system plan
according to
established procedures
1.4. Differentiate designs of irrigation
systems

What I
Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson.
Know

A. Matching Type: Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with the description
in
Column B. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

____1. a. Vertical Growing Vegetable Garden

____2. b. Square foot garden plots

1
____3. c. Block style garden layout

____4. d. Rows

____5. e. Raised bed/containers

Lesson Design Farm Plans and

Layouts According to Crop
1.1 Grown
Did you ever think of planning a vegetable garden or a farm of your own? If
you have
unused lot, you can turn it into a vegetable garden.

Crop production requires good planning. In good planning, one needs adequate
knowledge not only in growing plants but also in planning the place for the garden.

What’s In
1. Do you have a vegetable garden in your home?
2. In what place is it located?

What’s New
Activity 1. Read and Study.
Lay-outing – locating the position of plant in the field
Irrigation - the application of water to the soil by any other means
than rainfall

2
 Garden design- art and process of designing plans for layout and
planting of
gardens and landscapes.
Topography – the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical
features of
an area
Trellis – a framework of light wooden or metal bars, chiefly used as
a support
for fruit trees or climbing plants.

ACRONYM

FFTF - Farming for the Future

REPs – Regional Environment Plan
LEPs – Local Environmental Plan
DCP – Development Control Plan

What is It
INTERPRET FARM PLANS AND LAYOUTS
The Farming for the Future (FFTF) program can help you to plan the best farm
layout.
A whole farm plan considers the farm’s physical, financial and human/personal
resources for
both now and the future.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN PREPARING THE PLAN

1. If your garden site is in a sloping hill, the plants should be in a row across
the slope to
avoid erosion.
2. In order for the plants to receive the maximum sunlight the whole day, plant
the crops
in rows from north to south direction.
3. Provide the proper place for soft-stemmed vegetables, bushy vegetables, vine
vegetables, and tree vegetables.
4. Separate tall growing plants from low-growing plants.
5. Plants that will occupy an area in the garden the whole season should be
grouped
together.
6. Fast growing or quick maturing plants such as pechay and lettuce should be
grouped
together.
7. If your garden space is limited, the long maturing plants can be planted
between the
early maturing ones so that by the time they are harvested, the long maturing
ones will
have enough space.
8. The rows must be straight. Provide space between the rows to make cultivation
easier.
Provide a space for the garden house the tools, sees, fertilizers, pesticides,
insecticides and other supplies.
9. Indicate the location of the fence, well or pump, and drainage or irrigation
ditches.

SITE ASSESSMENT
An on-site assessment of a farm is necessary so that a map can be
drawn of the
property’s topography, boundaries, soils, water resources and so on, and a farm
business
3
plan be formulated.

MOST COMMON GARDEN LAYOUT FOR GROWING VEGETABLES

Vertical Growing vegetable gardens These gardens are

designed for people having little to no traditional garden
space.
Rather than planting in your typical garden bed, you take
advantage
of vertical space, growing plants along trellises, hanging
baskets or
even upside down.

Block garden layout plan is called the block style garden

layout.
Also called close row or wide row planting, this method
increases
yields significantly over a traditional row style garden.
The bed
should be 3-4 feet wide and any length desired. This
width makes
it easy to reach into the bed to weed, harvest or
replant. Walkways
should be minimal and about 18-24 inches across.

Square foot garden plots are generally set up in grids of

4 x 4
squares with strings or wood attached to the frame to
divide the
bed into equal square-foot sections. One type of
vegetable is
planted in each section. If vine plants are grown,
they’re usually
placed in the back with a trellis to allow the plant to
grow up.

The traditional four-square layout is created by straight

paths, one
leading from the garden gate to the front entry of the
house, and
the other crossing it at a 90-degree angle.

Raised bed/containers Again, for those having little

space or even
inadequate soil, planting veggies in raised beds or
containers is a
great alternative. With this layout option, the sky is
the limit, as you
have the flexibility in moving the garden around and
making use of
all available space, including vertical areas.

Single Row the most basic garden plan consists of a

design with
straight, long rows running north to south orientation.
PLANNING THE GARDEN PLOT

1. Pick a spot that fits the sunlight needs

of your plants.

4
 2. Choose a spot that is level and even.

3.Used Raised beds if you’re in a colder

climate.

4.Go for in-ground beds in a warmer

climate.

5. Decide how many beds you are

going to plant.

MARK OUT THE PLOT

1.Get rid of the existing lawn.

2.Remove weeds and debris.

3.Mark the plot with string

and stakes.

5
PREPARING THE SOIL

Test the soil.

Dig the plot.

Add organic matter to the soil.

Turn the soil.

Put up barriers around the

plot, if needed.

ROW PLANTING ARRANGEMENT OF CROPS

1. SINGLE ROW PLANTING ARRANGEMENT is either arranged

in equidistance single row or in multiple rows.
Planting in single rows is most common in monocropping or
sole
cropping. Examples of crops planted in single row
arrangement:
potato, sunflower, dry bean, field pea, flax, soy beans,
sugar, oil
palm and coctine.

2. MULTIPLE ROW PLANTING ARRANGEMENT

is a system of growing crops in blocks or strips of
2 or more
rows. This planting arrangement is common in multiple
cropping in
which two or more crops are grown in the same piece of
land.

6
 3.SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT is the systematic apportioning of the
farm
area or any growing surface for crop production. In multiple
cropping by
intercropping, the intercrop can be planted in any of the
following ways:
(a.) within the rows of the main crop, (b.) between the rows
of the main
crop and (c.) in replacement series planting of the intercrop
between two
adjacent hills between two adjacent hills within the same row
of the main
crop allows interrow cultivation but the intercrop has
limited exposure
to sunlight.

What’s More
Directions: Interpret the garden layout below.

Figure 1.

1. Identify what garden layout is shown in figure 1.

2. How many rows are there in the layout?
3. How many plants are there in a row?
4. What is the length of the area?
5. What is the width of the area?
6. What is the total land area?
(To compute for the total land area use this formula
Total land area = Length x Width)

Congratulations for a job well done!

You may now proceed to the next
activity.

7
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. _______________ also called close row or wide row planting, this method
increases
yields significantly over a traditional row style garden.
2. _______________ are gardens designed for people having little to no
traditional
garden space.
3. _______________ is a system of growing crops in blocks or strips of 2 or more
rows.
4. _______________ is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any
growing
surface for crop production.
5. _______________ generally set up in grids of 4 x 4 squares with strings or
wood
attached to the frame to divide the bed into equal square-foot sections.

What I Can Do
Draw your own square foot garden plot layout based on the following requirements:
a. At least 12 boxes are indicated in the layout with 1 square foot per
box.
b. In each box, indicate the name of plant to be planted.
RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT
Very Well Completed Developing Emerging
Beginning
Completed Well
(5) (4) (3) (2)
(1)
The layout The layout The layout is Difficulty or
Difficult to
is well is well well non
get sense
Accuracy of represented represented represented representation from
the
representation and gets a and gets and difficult of the setting
layout.
clear sense some idea to get a and difficult to
from the from the sense from get sense from
layout layout the layout the layout
Layout is Layout is Layout has Surface
Lack of
original and original some attempt at
creativity
interesting creative being creative
Creativity elements
showing an
attempt to
be creative
Somewhat Somewhat
Very
Neatness Very neat Mostly neat neat messy
messy
Interpretation of Scores:
11-15 – Very good
6-10 – Fair output
5 and below – Poor output

8
 Assessment
Enumeration: Answer the folllowing:
1. Give the four row planting arrangement of crops.
2. Give at least three advantages of having a vegetable garden in your home.
3. In two sentences, give your own insights about gardening.

Additional Activities
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION:
1. Visit a vegetable garden/farm that may be found in your community.
2. Get the following data:
a. Total area of the vegetable garden
b. Row arrangement of crops
c. The types of crop planted

Congratulations! You did a great

job! Good luck as you move on to
the next lesson.

9
 What I Know
Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson.

Matching Type. Match Column A with the types of Farm system in Column B. Write only
the
letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
A B
1. Planting in single rows a. crop rotation
2. Two or more crops are planted / grown b. single row arrangement
in the same piece of land
3. Practice of growing a series of different c. monocrop
types of crops in the same area d. multiple row planting
arrangement
4. Growing single crop year after year in e. relay cropping
the same land f. intercropping
5. Common practice of maximizing the use
of interrow spaces

Follow Strictly Planting

Lesson
System and Practices
1.2 According to Approved
Cultural Practices
One of the objectives of teaching crop production is to provide the
students the
fundamental knowledge that could help them cope with the life brought by economic
difficulties. Time will come when someone choose to move in the rural areas, where
they could
apply their knowledge in agriculture and become a source of additional income for
the family.
Some think of engaging in a project like raising vegetables in their garden,
backyard or family
farm.

What’s In
Answer the following question:
1. What is the common garden layout for growing vegetables?
2. Give an example.

10
 What’s New
A. Identify the following types of cropping system.

1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. ______________

B. Identify the methods of planting.

4. _______________ 5. ______________

What is It

TYPES OF CROPPING SYSTEM / COMMON PRACTICES IN PLANTING CROPS

MONOCROP is the agricultural practice of growing a

single crop year on the same / and in the absence
of
rotation.

INTERCROPPING – common practice of maximizing the

use of vacant interrow spaces when the main crop
has not
fully developed, thus, allowing sufficient light
exposure.
Examples: coffee, cacao, banana.

RELAY CROPPING is essentially a special version of

double cropping where the second crop is planted
into the
first crop before harvest rather than waiting until
after
harvest as in true double cropping.

11
 CROP ROTATION is the practice of growing a
series of
different types of crops in the same area across
a
sequenced of growing seasons.

METHODS OF PLANTING CROPS IN THE FARM

There are two methods of planting crops: direct seeding and transplanting.
Direct
seeding is either by broadcast, hill or dibble or by drill method. The hill and
drill methods are
alternative options in row planting.

Direct seeding or direct sowing – is a method of

planting
in which seeds are directly planted on the
ground in the farm
or any growing surface.

Transplanting – makes use of pre-grown plants,

seedlings
or vegetatively propagated clones. The term
transplanting
is also used to refer to the practice of
replanting an already
established plant in one location and moving it
elsewhere.

What’s More

A. Matching Type: Directions: Match the pictures in Column A with the description
in
Column B.

____1. a. relay cropping

____2. b. direct seeding

____3. c.

12
 ____4. d. intercropping

____5. e. monocrop

Congratulations for a job well done!

You may now proceed to the next
activity.

What I Have Learned

Complete the statement below.

Before, I thought that there’s __________________ cropping system.

Now, I have learned that there are_______________ types of cropping system.

What I Can Do

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION:
1. In your home, make 1 garden plot showing the monocrop planting system.
2. The size of each plot is 1meter x 4 meters.
3. Choose the vegetable variety that you wanted to plant.

13
 RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT

Criteria 5 4 3 2
1
Proper All tools are 1-2 tools are 3-4 tools are Most of the
No
handling properly improperly improperly tools are
attempt
of tools handled and handled and handled and improperly
to work
used not properly not properly handled and
or
used used not properly
incomple
used
te work

performa

nce
Accuracy 100% of 75% of details 50% of details 25% of details
No
of details of of garden plots of garden plots of garden plots
attempt
measure garden plots has correct has correct has correct
to work
ment has correct measurement measurement measurement
or
measurement
incomple

te work

performa

nce
Skills and Learners Learners Learners Learners
Learners
knowledg performed the performed the performed the attempted to
did not
e on work procedure procedure procedure work but they
attempt
completely completely completely will not able
to to do the
and with minimal With more finish the job
job.
independently help of help of
teacher/parent teacher/parent
Work Learners Learners Learners Learners
Learners
ethics finished job finished the finished the finished the
attempte
completely job completely job completely job completely
d to do
without with 1-3 with 4-6 with 7-9
the job
destruction/da destruction/da destruction/da destruction/da
but not
mage mage mage mage
complete

ly

finished

Interpretation of Scores:
16-20 – Excellent output
11-15 – Very good
6-10 – Fair output
5 and below – Poor output

14
 Assessment

Fill in the Blanks. Supply the missing term in the statement.Write your answer in
your activity
notebook.
1. ________________ is the practice of growing a series of different types
of crops
in the same area across a sequenced of growing seasons.
2-3 There are two methods of planting crops: _____________ and
______________.
4-6 Direct seeding is either by _____________, _____________ or by
____________.
7. _________________ makes use of pre-grown plants, seedlings or
vegetatively
propagated clones.
8. _________________ agricultural practice of growing a single crop year
on the same
/ and in the absence of rotation
9. The term ______________ used to refer to the practice of replanting an
already
established plant in one location and moving it elsewhere.
10. ________________ special version of double cropping where the second
crop is
planted into the first crop before harvest rather than waiting until
after harvest as
in true double cropping.

Additional Activities

In a piece of paper, make a reflection regarding the farm planting and practices
that is existing
in your community.

Congratulations! You did a great

job! Good luck as you move on to
the next lesson.

15
 What I Know

Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson.

Directions: Using semantic web, describe the word irrigation system.

Irrigation
system

Lesson Interpret Irrigation System

Plan According to
1.3 Established Procedures
Irrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water by artificial
means to
agricultural fields for crop production. If water available to the plants from
rainfall is not
sufficient, it is supplemented by irrigation water.
In order to achieve this objective, an irrigation system is required to be
developed that
involves planning, design, construction, operations and maintenance of various
irrigation
works.

What’s In

1. Give the methods of planting crops in the farm.

2. Differentiate direct seeding from transplanting.

16
 What’s New

Activity 1. Read and Study.

Artificial – made or produced by human being rather than occurring
naturally,
especially as a copy of something natural.
Estimation – a rough calculation of the value, number, quantity or extent of
something.
Turgidity – is the state of being turgid or swollen, especially due to high
fluid content.
Protoplasm – colorless material comprising the living part of a cell
Transpiration – process of water movement through a plants and its
evaporation from
aerial plants.
Photosynthesis – process by without green plants and certain organisms
transform
light energy into chemical energy.
Photoplasm – living part of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane.

ACRONYMS
NIA – National Irrigation Administration
NIS – National Irrigation System
CIS – Communal Irrigation System
IA – Irrigator’s Association

What is It

CONSTRUCTION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines has about 10.3 million hectares agricultural lands. Out of
this, around
3.1 million hectares are considered irrigable, with up to 3% slope, and primarily
devoted to rice
and corn. A study of the World Bank, however, identified more than 6.1 million
hectares of
irrigable, including areas that are relatively more difficult to irrigate and up to
8% slope.
As of December 2015, about 1.731 million hectares or 57.3 percent of the
3.1 million
hectares have been developed for irrigation. Of the total area under irrigation,
about 754,665
hectares is under National Irrigation System (NIS); 615,797 hectares under Communal
Irrigation System that are constructed through private initiatives.

THREE CATEGORIES OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM

1. National Irrigation System (NIS)

2. Communal Irrigation System (CIS)
3. Private Irrigation System

17
NIS – are large and medium schemes. These are basically operated and maintained by
NIA
where beneficiaries are charged irrigation service fee for the services rendered in
the delivery
of water.
CIS – are small scale schemes and constructed with the participation of farmer
beneficiaries
thru their IAs.
Private irrigation systems are those constructed and operated and maintained by
private
individuals or groups with or without technical assistance by NIA or other
government
agencies.

IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION

1. Plants contain 90% of water.

2. Water is an essential part of protoplasm.
3. It regulates the temperature of the plant system.
4. It is essential to meet the transpiration requirement.
5. It serves as a medium for dissolving the nutrients present in the soil.
6. It is an important ingredient in the photosynthesis.

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A PLAN

• Topographic Data – the field shape must be accurately drawn showing

pertinent
obstructions, features and elevation details.
• Water Source Capacity – the water supply must be clearly indicated showing
location
and available capacity.
• Depending on the water source, a well log or water license must accompany
the
irrigation plan. Irrigation reservoirs also require Water Management Branch
licensing.
• Soil and Crop Characteristics – soil and crop limitations must be accounted
for to
reduce runoff and deep percolation by mismanagement of the irrigation
system.
• Design Parameters – soil water holding capacity, maximum application rate
and
climatic data must be used to select the correct irrigation system design.
• Design Data – the nozzle selected, operating pressure, discharge rate and
sprinkler
spacing must all be shown on the plan. The irrigation interval, set time,
application rate
and net amount applied must also be calculated.

What’s More

A. Using the VENN DIAGRAM, differentiate National Irrigation System (NIS) from
Communal Irrigation System (CIS)

18
 Common
Differences Differences

NIS
CIS

Congratulations for a job well done!

You may now proceed to the next
activity.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Supply the missing word by choosing the appropriate
word
inside the box. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

irrigable 8% slope 3.1 million

10.3 million 6.1 million

The Philippines has about 1. _____________ hectares agricultural lands. Out

of this,
around 2. ____________ hectares are considered 3. __________, with up to 3% slope,
and
primarily devoted to rice and corn. A study of the World Bank, however, identified
more than
4. ___________ hectares of irrigable, including areas that are relatively more
difficult to irrigate
and up to 5. _____________.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Analyze the given situation. Write your answer in your activity
notebook. (10 pts.)

Situation: Your farm lot is situated between the communal irrigation system and a
river. What
will you use to irrigate your farm, the water coming from an irrigation
or the water
coming from the river considering that the CIS is collecting fees to
maintain the
irrigation system.

Assessment

Directions: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. What do NIA and CIS stand for?

2. Give at least five importance of irrigation.

Additional Activities

Directions: In your community, select a successful farmer/practitioner. Conduct an

interview.
Be guided by the questions below. You are required to document your interview and
submit it
to your teacher.

1. What is the total land area of your farm?

2.
Answer: __________________________
3. What are the crops that you planted?
Answer:_______________________________________________________
4. What is your source of irrigation?
Rainfed

Reservoir

Small water impounding dam

water pump

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 5. Why did you choose such kind of irrigation system?

___________________________
Signature of farmer

____________
Date

Congratulations! You did a great

job! Good luck as you move on to
the next lesson.

  
Take this test and find out how much you know about the lesson.

A. Determine the type of irrigation system based on the description given in each
item.
Unscramble the letter by placing the correct letter sequence in the boxes to
come up with
the correct answer for each number.

1. most common form of irrigation

C E F A R U
S

2. to place water directly into the root zone

P D I R

3. similar to rainfall
L E R S P R I N
K

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 4. otherwise known as border check
R E D R O B

5. water is applied to the top end

R O W F U R

Lesson
Differentiate Designs of
1.4 Irrigation Systems
By using simple lines, you can make a good working drawing. Such drawing
can save
you a lot of time, whether you plan or troubleshoot a problem.
In this lesson, you will learn on how to read and interpret plans and
drawings.

What’s In

1. What is irrigation system?

2. Give at least three (3) importance of irrigation.

What’s New

Activity 1. Read and Study.

Surface soil – the upper 5 to 8 inches of the soil layer: the portion of the
soil usually
tilled.
Subsurface soil – earth material (such as rock) near but not exposed at the
surface
of the ground.
gravity – a force of attraction that tends to draw particles or bodies
together.
system – a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a
unified
whole.
Irrigated – to supply (land or crops) with water by means of pipes,
sprinklers, ditches
or streams.
Polyethylene pipe – is a type of flexible plastic pipe for fluid and gas
transfer and is
often used to replace ageing concrete or steel pipelines.

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 What is It

IRRIGATION METHODS AND DESIGN

1. Surface irrigation is where water is applied and

distributed
over the soil surface by gravity. It is by far the most
common form
of irrigation throughout the world and has been practiced
in many
areas virtually unchanged for thousands of years.

2. Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation

water
which is similar to rainfall. Water is distributed
through a system
of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the
air and
irrigated entire soil surface through spray heads so that
it breaks
up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

3. Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system

that has the
potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water
to drip
slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil
surface or
buried below the surface.

4.Subsurface irrigation uses a network of polyethylene

pipes
located just under the ground's surface to apply
disinfected effluent
in the root zone of plants, preventing airborne drift and
minimizing
runoff.

TYPES OF SURFACE IRRIGATION

Drainback Level Basins
Drain back level basins (DBLB) or contour basins are a variant
of
basin irrigation where the field is divided into a number of
terraced
rectangular bays which are graded level or have no significant
slope.

Furrow irrigation is conducted by creating small parallel

channels
along the field length in the direction of predominant
slope. Water
is applied to the top end of each furrow and flows down
the field
 under the influence of gravity. The spacing between
adjacent
furrows is governed by the crop species, common spacings
typically range from 0.75 to 2 metres.

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TYPES OF FURROW IRRIGATION

Graded straight furrows are small irrigation channels in

a straight
line, parallel to a field boundary, used to irrigate all
row crops. They
are used on all soils except sandy, which has very high
intake rate
and provides poor lateral spread of water between
furrows. This
furrow type also requires a well-leveled field with
little or no slope
and high human labor.

Graded contour furrows are small graded irrigation

channels with
uneven or warped surfaces. They are mainly used on
surfaces
where it is not practical to use straight furrows. The
furrows are
curved to fit the field contour. This type can be used
on all slopes
and soil types except sandy, and soils which crack
easily when
dry. The disadvantage of this type is constant furrow
management
and rodent control to prevent furrow damage.

Border strip, otherwise known as border check or bay

irrigation could be considered as a hybrid of level
basin and
furrow irrigation. The field is divided into a number of
bays or
strips, each bay is separated by raised earth check
banks
(borders). Typical bay dimensions are between 10-70m
wide and
100-700m long. The water is applied to the top end of
the bay,
which is usually constructed to facilitate free-flowing
conditions at
the downstream end.

ADVANTAGES OF SURFACE IRRIGATION

• Management is quite easy, you do not need any modern technology. If you have
local
traditional knowledge, you can do it.
• You do not need high financial support. You can be beneficial with small lands
too.
• If you have short time water supplies, then this is the best process for you.
• If your drainage system is far, then you just need longer tubes.
• This is a nature-friendly system, you can utilize rainwater.
• It also works effectively in a low filtration rate.
• Low capital and no energy cost needed.
• You can use this irrigation process in sloping lands and long fields.

ADVANTAGES OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

• Sprinkler irrigation does not require surface shaping of leveling.
• Can be applied to areas of variable topography
 • Flexibility is possible because sprinkler heads are available no wide range of
discharge
capacities.
• Cost of labor is generally reduced.
• Erosion of soil can be eliminated.
• Chemical and fertilizer applications are easily used with sprinkler system.
• No special skills trained personal can operate the system reasonably well.

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ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION
• Increased yield
• Early maturity
• Water saving
• Fertilizer saving
• Increased fertilizer use efficiency by crop energy saving
• Labor saving
• Marginal land & undulated land can be irrigated
• Reduced weed growth
• Less problem of disease and pest
• Makes intercultural operations easy

What’s More

A. Using the VENN DIAGRAM, differentiate graded straight furrow irrigation from
graded
contour furrow irrigation.

Common
Differences Differences

Graded Straight Furrow Graded Contour Furrow

Congratulations for a job well done!

You may now proceed to the next
activity.

25
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Supply the missing word by choosing the appropriate word inside the
box. Write
your answer in your activity notebook.
1. Drain back level basins (DBLB) or _______________ are a variant of basin
irrigation where the field is _________ into a number of terraced
rectangular bays
which are graded level or have no significant slope.
2. Border strip, otherwise known as _____________ or _____________ could be
considered as a hybrid of level basin and furrow irrigation.
3. Sprinkler Irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is
similar to
___________.

What I Can Do

Directions: In your community, select a member of any farmer’s irrigators

association.
Conduct an interview using the questions below as your guide. You are required to
document
your interview and submit it to your teacher.
1. What type of irrigation system do you use?
Answer: _______________

2. Is the water from irrigation enough to sustain your farming?

Answer: ________________________________________________________
3. If the water supply is inadequate, what are the remedies you do to deal with
your
needs?
Answer: ________________________________________________________
4. What are the advantages of being a member of farmer’s irrigators association?
Answer: ________________________________________________________

Assessment

ESSAY. In not less than 5 sentences, describe how irrigation works in the life of
farmers
nowadays. (5 pts.)

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 Additional Activities

In a piece of paper, make a reflection regarding the type of irrigation system that
is existing in
your community.

Congratulations! You did a great job!

Good luck as you move on to the next
lesson.

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 28
Pretest1.4 Assessment 1.2
Pretest 1.2
1. Surface
2. Drip 1. B 1. Crop rotation
3. Sprinkler 2. D 2. Direct seeding
4. Border 3. A 3. transplanting
5. Furrow 4. C 4. seeds
5. F 5. direct
planting
What I have Learned 6. any growing
What’s More surfaces
1. Contour basin 7.
2. Divided 1. D 8. monocrop
3. Border check or 2. B 9. transplanting
bay irrigation 3. A 10. relay cropping
4. rainfall 4. E
5. C Pretest 1.3
1. water
2. dam
3. dike
What I have Learned 1.3
What I have Learned Pretest 1.1.
1. 10.3
1. Block style garden 1. D
2. 3.1 million
layout 2. C
3. Irrigable
2. Vertical growing 3. E
4. 6.1 million
vegetable garden 4. B
5. 8% slope
3. Multiple row 5. A
planting
Assessment
arrangement
1. Plant contain 90% of
4. Spatial water
arrangement 2. Water is essential part of
5. Square foot protoplasm
3. It regulates the
temperature of the plant
Assessment 1.1 system
4. It is essential to meet the
1. Single row planting transpiration
2. Multiple row planting requirement
3. Spatial arrangement
Answer Key
References
Cambridge Dictionary

En.wiktionary.org

Encyclopedia of Plant

Gilmour.com

https://www.wikihow.com

https://cropwatch.un.edu

https://len.m.wikipedia.org

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Agricultural Crop Production Exploratory

Course

Merriam Dictionary

NIA

Oxford Dictionary

Wikipedia

www.jains.com

www.slideshare.net

www.watersw.com

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