1.

FABRICATION - A lie told when someone submits a statement as truth, without

knowing for certain whether or not it is actually true.
2. BOLD-FACED LIE – a lie which is told when it is obvious to all concerned that it is a
lie.
3. LYING BY OMISSION – one lies by omitting an important fact, deliberately leaving
another person with a misconception.
4. LIE-TO-CHILDREN – a lie told to make an adult subject acceptable to children.
5. NOBLE LIE – it is often told to maintain law, order & safety.
6. EMERGENCY LIE – it is a strategic lie when the truth may not be told because it
may harm a third party.
7. PERJURY – the act of lying or making verifiably false statements on a material
matter under oath or affirmation in a court of law, or in any various sworn
statements in writing.
8. BLUFFING – pretending to have a capability or intention which does not actually
possess. It is an act of deception which is rarely seen as immoral, because it takes
place in the context of a game where this kind of deception is consented to in
advance by the players.
9. JOCOSE LIE – are those which are meant in jest, and are usually understood as such
by all present parties. Teasing & sarcasm are examples.
10. CONTEXTUAL LIES – one can state part of the truth out of context, knowing
that without complete information, it gives false impression.
11. PROMOTION LIES – advertisements often contain statements which are
incredible.
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12. PANIC LIARS – one who lies in order to avoid the consequences of a
confession, they are afraid of embarrassment and it is a serious blow to their ego.
They believe that confession will just make the matter worst.
13. OCCUPATIONAL LIARS – are practical liars and lies when it has a higher “pay-
off” than telling the truth.
14. TOURNAMENT LIARS – are those who love to lie and are excited by the
challenge of not being detected.
15. PSYCHOPATIC LIAR – the most difficult type, these persons have no
conscience and shows no regret for dishonesty and no manifestation of guilt.
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16. ETHNOLOGICAL LIARS – are those who taught not to be a squealer

17. squealer - this means to cry or to shrill voice used by underworld gang in
order for their member not to reveal any secret of their organization).
18. PATHOLOGICAL LIAR – are those persons who cannot distinguish right from
wrong due to their sick mind.
19. BLACK LIARS – are persons who always pretend what he is and what he
thinks of himself.
20. Give 5 External Observable Signs & Symptoms of Lies
21. ESSAY – What is the Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Polygraph
Examination
22. Angelo Mosso - Developed the SPHYGMAMOMANOMETER and the SCIENTIFIC
CRADLE, which he used in studying fear on the heart.
23. Leonard Keeler - Continued research and development of the polygraph. In
1949, he invented the Keeler Polygraph with components that simultaneously
recorded changes in blood pressure, pulse and respiration, as well as the newly
developed galvanic skin reflex.
24. Otto Veraguth - First to use the term “PSYCHOGALVANIC REFLEX”.
25. Polygraphy - It is the scientific method of detecting deception with the use of
a polygraph instrument. This is the new name of LIE DETECTION.
26. Harold Burtt - Found out that changes in systolic blood pressure were of
greater value in determining deception than changes in respiration.

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 27. Polygraph - It is a scientific diagnostic instrument used to record
physiological changes in the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin
resistance of an examinee under controlled condition.
28. Vittorio Benussi - Successfully detected deception with a pneumograph, an
instrument that graphically measures an examinee’s inhalation and exhalation.
29. Truth Verifier – the other name of Polygraph
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30. Cesare Lombroso - He employed the first scientific instrument to detect

deception. This instrument known as HYDORSPHYGMOGRAPH, measured changes
in pulse and blood pressure when suspects were questioned about their
involvement in or knowledge of a specific response.
31. ENUMERATION. Give 3 Objectives of a polygraph examination.
32. Lie - Deceit; deception; fabrication; falsehood; and untruth.
33. Detection - The act of detecting, discovery, perceiving, finding, or uncovering
something obscure.
34. Ordeal - A medieval form of judicial trial in which the accused was subjected
to physical tests, as carrying or walking over burning objects or immersing the
hand in scalding water, the result being considered a divine judgment of guilt or
innocence.

35. Red Hot Iron Ordeal - Practiced on the hill tribe of Rajhmal in the North
Bengal. Accused placed his tongue to a red hot iron nine times (9) unless burned
sooner. If burned, he is put to death. Not only that (licking the iron), he is also
made to carry the metal into his hands. It is doubtful whether the ordeal is meant
to determine the physiological changes occurring in description for if this so, many
false observations must have been made.
NOTE: IF YOUR ANSWER IS INCORRECT, YOU MUST SING.

36. Ordeal by Balance - Practiced in the Institute of Vishnu, India. Scale of

balanced is used. In one end of the scale, the accused is placed in the other end, a
counter balance. The person will step out of the scale listened to a judge deliver an
extortion is the balance and her back in. If he were found to be lighter than before
then he should be acquitted.
37. Boiling Water Ordeal - Used in modern Africa. The method is that the subject
will plunged their right arms into the boiling pot to the elbow and step into the
other side of the fire. All are told to undergo the test without a murmur. And when
all are finished, they are told to return at the same tine the next afternoon. The one
who by that time had lost some or showed blisters would prove the thief (Point out
who is the one who steal among his tribe mates).
38. Ordeal by Rice Chewing - Practiced by Indians it is formed with a kind of rice
called sathee, prepared with various incantations. The person on trial eats, with his
face and then spits upon an eyeful leaf. If the saliva is mixed with blood or the
corner of his mouth swell or he trembles, he is declared then a liar.
39. Trial by Combat - A fight between the accuser and the accused, whoever lost
the battle will be the adjudged guilty. Originated from India and one of the
examples of this: a rich man or accuser could hire somebody or bigger one to fight
the accused. After the fight the loser is adjudged guilty of crime.
40. Trial by Torture - The accused was put into a severe physical test.
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41. Trial of the Eucharist - This trial is reserved for the clergy, and administered
with pomp and ceremony. If the accused was guilty, the Angel Gabriel will descend
from heaven and prevent the accused from swallowing the food given to him.
42. Ordeal of the Bier - The corpse was brought on a bier of boughs after which
the natives would ask the corpse if it has been bewitched. If the victim died by
witchcraft, the bier was supposed to know more and if the sorcerer show killed him
was present, the corpse will touch him.
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 43. Ordeal of the Boiling Water - The accused was forced to dip his hands into
the boiling water or oil and ask to pick up stone in it. If he remains unhurt then he
is innocent. Practiced in Asian Countries.
44. Ordeal of the Tiger - Accuser and accused were placed together in the same
and a tiger set loose upon them. If both were spared, further elimination followed.
With such means of redress, there were probably not very many plaintiffs. Practical
in Siam.
45. Donkey’s Tail Ordeal - Psychological theory, the donkey placed in one room
alone and observed it, and if the donkey cried is a judged of guilty of crimes,
because deep in side and conscience he is guilty.
46. The “Hereditary Sieve” Method - It is mentioned by Hans Gross his famous
books in Criminal Investigation in which beans were thrown into a sieve (bigao) as
the name of each suspect was called. If the beans jump out of the sieve, the owner
of the name is innocent. If the beans remain in the sieve, the person named is the
thief.
NOTE: IF YOUR ANSWER IS INCORRECT, 1 WEEK

47. Hugo Munsterburg - Proposed that lie test based on lie detector should be
admissible as evidence in court.
48. Jacques D’Arsonval - French Scientist Declared that electricity is generated
by the body and named External Friction as source of generation. He assorted
those sweat glands which the body at times store the electricity and at other times
discharged them.
49. PAUL WILHELM AND DONALD BURNS (1951) - Michigan City, Indiana, USA,
(Independent Lie Detector Specialists) Invented an Electronic Psychometric using
Electrodermal Response as a basis for lie detection. Both have proven that results
of lie detection test (during) using their instrumental 95% accurate.
50. BENIGN LIE OR WHITE LIE - Used to maintain the harmony, of friendship,
harmony of the home or office.
51. RED LIE - Communist propaganda; Against the Government
52. MALICIOUS LIE - Chronic Lie; To mislead justice
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53. Pathological Lie – this lie is used by persons who cannot distinguish right
from wrong.
54. Hans Gross – Father of Criminalistics
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55. Hypnotism – this method was introduced by Austrian Physician Franz Anton
Mesmer in which the subject is advised to stare and gazed at the flashing object
and to cooperate with whatever he will say.
56. Dr. Carl Gustav Jung – The Word Association Test was developed by?
57. Word Association Test – this method is done by giving the subject a long list
of carefully selected stimulus words or objects with the instruction to respond with
every word that may come to his mind.
58. Dr. Edward Mandel House – the administration of truth serum method was
introduced by?
59. Byosine Hydrobromide – a drug used in the administration of truth serum
60. Sodium Amytal/Sodium Pentothal – drug used in narco analysis
61. Intoxication – this was practiced by means of drinking alcoholic beverages as
stimuli to obtain truth on the part of the subject.
62. Allen Bell – he developed the PSE
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63. Psychological Stress Evaluator – What does PSE means?

64. Information, Interrogation, Instrumentation – 3 I’s of investigation
65. Polyscore - A software program used to analyze computerized polygraph
chart and displays the degree of truthfulness or deception of a certain subject

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 NOTE: IF YOUR ANSWER IS INCORRECT, YOU MUST SING.

66. Keeler - Father of Modern Polygraph.

67. John Reid - Who introduced a questioning technique in a polygraph
examination which includes control questions with relevant/irrelevant question
technique?
68. Cardiosphygmograph - Component of the polygraph instrument which
records the blood pressure & heartbeat of a subject,
69. Specific Responses - These are the deviation on the normal responses of a
subject set under polygraph examination.
70. Max Wastl - Founder of the Lafayette Instrument Company, a leading
polygraph machine distributor.
71. PSE - It is a method of detecting deception through the detection and
measurement of the inaudible part of our voice
72. James Mckenzie - Who introduced the ink polygraph which is specifically used
for medical purposes?
73. Pneumograph - An instrument that measure the inhalation & exhalation or
the breathing pattern of a certain person.
74. Daniel Defoe - He was a British novelist who suggested the taking of pulse to
determine truth from lies.
75. Christian Hans Stoelting – He founded this company which became the
leading product supplier of the components of the polygraph.
76. Angelo Mosso – Used as instrument called plethysmograph
77. Francis Franke – He invented plethysmograph
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78. Luigi Galvani – He invented the GSR/galvanometer

79. Galvanic Skin Reflex – GSR means?
80. Keeler – He founded the world’s first polygraph school
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81. Chicago, Illinois – Where was the Keeler Polygraph Institute located?
82. Computer Assisted Polygraph System – This was produced by John Kircher &
David Raskin integrating the first algorithm for measuring physiological data.
83. ENUMERATION – What are the 4 major components of the polygraph
instrument
NOTE: IF YOUR ANSWER IS INCORRECT, 1 WEEK

84. CONGRATULATIONS!!! +5
85. CONGRATULATIONS!!! +1
86. CONGRATULATIONS!!! +2
87. CONGRATULATIONS!!! +3
88. CONGRATULATIONS!!! +4
89. NOTE: IF YOUR ANSWER IS INCORRECT, 1 WEEK

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