THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING

FLORENCE Environmental Theory -

1 NIGHTINGALE (1860) importance of environment
for patient's fast recovery

2 HILDEGARGD PEPLAU
(1952)
12 JEAN WATSON
(1979)
Theory of Interpersonal Relation - emphasis Theory of Human Caring - highlighted
on the nurse-client relationship as the humanistic aspects of nursing as they
intertwine with scientific knowledge and
foundation of nursing practice
nursing practice.

VIRGINIA HENDERSON SR. CALLISTA ROY

3 (1955)
11 (1979)
Nursing Need Theory - nurse’s role as
Adaptation Model of Nursing - viewed the
assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain
individual as a set of interrelated systems who
independence in meeting 14 fundamental

HISTORY OF
strives to maintain the balance between these
needs
various stimuli

FAYE ABDELLAH BETTY NEUMAN

4 10
(1960)
Typology of 21 Nursing Problems - shifted
NURSING (1972)
Neuman System Model - states that many
needs exist, and each may disrupt client

THEORY
the focus of nursing from a disease-
balance or stability. Stress reduction is
centered approach to a patient centered
the goal of this system
approach

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

5 (1962) 9 IMOGENE KING (1971)

Deliberative Nursing Process Theory - Theory of Goal Attainment - nurse is considered part
reciprocal relationship between patient of the patient’s environment and the nurse-patient
and nurse relationship is for meeting goals towards good health.

Behavioural System -
DOROTHY JOHNSON DOROTHEA OREM
fostering of efficient and
effective behavioural 6 (1968) 8 (1971)
functioning in the patient to
prevent illness. Self-Care Deficit Theory - nursing care is
required if the client is unable to fulfils
biological, psychological, developmental, or
Science of Unitary Human
social needs
Beings -both a science and an MARTHA ROGERS
art as it provides a way to view
the unitary human being
7 (1970)