DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES 12

First Quarter

SECOND WEEK

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of social sciences and applied social sciences;
and disciplines of counselling.

B. Performance Standard
The learners should be able to explain clearly public perceptions about the work of social
sciences and applied social science practitioners; and to manifest a high level of
understanding of the basic concepts of counseling.

C. Learning Competencies/Objectives
1.1 Clarify the relationships between social sciences and applied social sciences.
1.2 Identify the goals and scope of counseling.
1.3 Explain the principles of counselling.

II. CONTENT
Topic/s: Definition of Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences; and Definitions,
Goals, Scope, Core values and Principles of Counseling

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. Reference: Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences (For Senior High
School), Mutya Publishing House Inc. (pp. 1-20)

IV. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

(Activity 1) Warming Up!

Our present situation has changed a lot, with the absence of a cure and vaccine on this
pandemic we are forced to adapt. Definitely, everybody is doing their part in solving the
problem. You write the latest update about the Covid-19 pandemic in your town or barangay
and give at least 4 different Social Sciences and their possible roles in helping the society
recover. (10 points)

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Specific Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected:
a. To clarify the relationship between social sciences and applied social sciences;
b. To cite differences among the applied social sciences;
c. To identify the goals and scope of counseling;
d. To demonstrate comprehension of the principles of counselling;
e. And to discuss the core values of counseling.

C. Presenting examples/ instances of the new

lesson (Activity 2) Getting to Know

In your discussion in the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, you encountered
different Social Sciences that are essential in the society. As the world becomes more complex,
the problems the society faces become challenging and unique. Hence, these problems need a
different approach to make sure that all possibilities will be considered in finding solutions. Try to

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 explore your mind with the following topics from the Applied Social Sciences and give three terms
or words that you can associate with them. (10 points)

1. Counseling a. b. c.
2. Social Work a. b. c.
3. Communication a. b. c.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

What is Social Science?

Social science came about from the combination of two meaningful words: from Latin
sociale/socious which means “companion or associate” and the Latin scientia which means “to
have knowledge of”. These two words literally translate to “having knowledge about people”.
Thus, social science is about studying, learning and knowing about people in different facets of
their lives.

Some of the major fields in the social sciences:

a. Anthropology – is the study of human beings in all aspects of existence. The focus is
primarily on man’s physical characteristics, his interactions with other men and his culture.
B. Communication Studies – is the study of how man makes use of symbols and associates
meaning to these symbols to enable him to communicate.
c. Economics – is the branch of study that seeks to describe and analyze livelihood in terms of
production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
d. Education – is the branch that deals with teaching and acquiring knowledge and skills which
form an integral part in the preservation of human culture from generation to generation.
e. History – is the branch that records and explains past events in human societies with the aim
of learning and gaining significant insights from them.
f. Law – is the study of the rules/ standards made by a governing body to promote order through
its capability of beings enforced by the different institutions.
g. Linguistics – is the branch that studies the cognitive and social bases of human language.
h. Political Science – is the branch that delves into the study of politics and political systems.
i. Psychology – is the branch that studies human behavior and mental processes.
j. Sociology – is the branch that systematically studies societies and social actions.

In terms of data gathering and methodology for any of the above branches of the social
sciences, research may be done using quantitative or qualitative designs. In a quantitative
design, data rely heavily on statistics to generate valid and reliable results. Qualitative design,
on the other hand, employs observation, interviews and analysis of phenomenological data.

What is Applied Social Science?

Every day people’s lives are influenced by ideas, trends, networks and the media. Social
scientists, in response to this, came up with a field that is both grounded on theory and
principles and at the same time adaptable to unfolding social situations. Hence, the field of
Applied Social Sciences.
This field is based on facts and principles gathered by the core disciplines of psychology,
sociology, politics and economics to name a few. The definition of Applied Social Sciences as
the study of people’s society and culture and the way people and social groups behave and
impact on others and the world, can only be best understood by looking at societies holistic.

Some examples of areas/ majors in the field of Applied Social Science are briefly
described as follows:

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 a. Crime and Criminal Justice – is the study of the criminal justice system that exists in a
particular locale and focuses on its legal character and political nature.
b. Social Work – is the study that prepares the individual for the professional practice of social
welfare administration and focuses on coming up with an organized means of providing basic
support services for individuals and groups that are in need.
c. Counseling – is the area that prepares the individual to provide psychological counseling and
therapeutic interventions to other individuals and groups who are experiencing psychological
problems or manifesting symptoms of distress.
d. Communication – is the area related to human communications. This study includes oral
and written abilities and communication through the use of mass media.

In Applied Social Science, theory and practice are combined. Research is employed to
gather data which can be validated in real-world situations. Through this, the social scientists
are able to see patterns in social relationships and determine extant social structures.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

What is Counseling?
The following descriptions of counseling are given:
a. Counseling involves the process wherein a client and the counselor set aside time to explore
issues/ difficulties that may be bothering the client
b. Counseling also involves the act of helping the client see things in a different perspective,
thus enabling him to focus clearly on feelings, experiences or behavior and facilitate in him a
positive change.
c. Counseling also depicts a relationship of trust. Confidentiality of client's issues and what
takes place in the sessions is significant to the success of counseling.

Counseling is NOT:
a. Giving advice – Contrary to what is believed, counseling does not entail advice giving.
Instead, a counselor provides intelligent choices for the client to make for his adjustment.
b. Judgmental – A counselor is not subjective nor biased but maintains objectivity in dealing
with the client.
c. Sorting out client’s problems – The counselor gives an objective picture to the client of the
challenges he is facing from different perspectives.
d. Expecting a client to behave in a certain way – The counselor instead opens the eyes of
the client on the different possibilities of how to deal with his situation. It is always up to the
client to make the choice.
Goals of Counseling
1. Change in Behavior – Bringing about positive changes in behavior is one of the significant
goals of counseling. These changes may involve the client’s feelings, thoughts, beliefs or overall
behavior towards issues that for the client are considered problematic.
2. Mental Health – The primary goal of counseling “is to do no harm.” Services provided by the
counselor aim to promote positive mental health.
3. Problem Solving – The resolution of the problem is also a goal that the client needs to
achieve with the help of the counselor. This entails bringing into awareness the real problem
situation, no matter how painful the real situation may be.
4. Personal Effectiveness – This is for personal improvement. The goal is to help clients take
appropriate risk and maintain their composure and confidence in the face of adversity.
5. Decision Making – It is not the counselor who decides for the client but it is the client who
decides for himself. The counselor, however, provides good alternatives and it is up to the client
to evaluate, accept, act upon the alternatives given and decide on what is best for himself.

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 Scope of Counseling
1. Individual/ personal needs and problems – Throughout the lifespan, people are faced with
changes. For some these changes may be gradual, allowing the person to slowly adjust to the
change.
2. Physical, emotional, social, moral and marital problems – Adjustment areas that people
go through may include problems in physical appearance and capabilities that impact self-
confidence, problems on how to control or express the proper kind of emotion, problems with
peers, problems related to ethical issues and social standards and concerns on pre-marital,
marital and extra-marital affairs.
3. Career advancement – Work is essential to an individual’s subsistence and an important
aspect of his well-being. It is considered to be one of the basis for having a meaningful
existence.
4. Educational needs/problems – A big portion of people’s early formative and adolescent
years were spent within the confines of the academe.
5. Vocational, occupational and professional needs – People do not always know what they
want. There are times when one person would like to be many things all at the same time.
6. Holistic individual development – The aim of the social sciences is to aid in the
development of individual potentials. Counseling may open up doors for the individual to
recognize and accept these talents as part who and what they are.

Principles of Counseling
1, Principle of Acceptance – Each client must be accepted as an individual just like any other
and to be treated as such. The counselor should always be aware of the rights of the client as a
human being.
2. Principle of Permissiveness – In counseling a relationship develops between the counselor
and the client in an atmosphere of optimism. All thoughts and ideas the client may have are
accepted by the counselor for these are considered to be the client’s perception of himself in a
world he considers himself to be a part of.
3. Principle of Respect for the Individual – Counseling is a field of discipline that strongly
advocates respect for the individual. This respect includes respect for the client’s feelings as an
integral part of the process of counseling.
4. Principle of Thinking with the Individual – It is the role of the counselor to consider all the
factors involving the client in order to understand how the client thinks.
5. Principle of Learning – Learning here involves the client seeing the problem or issue from
different perspectives, analyzing the client's reaction to the problem and realizing that there
exists more than one option on how to handle the problem situation.
6. Principle of Consistency with Ideals of Democracy – These ideals emphasize equality in
dealing with clients and respect for them as human beings. It is a process which understands
and accepts individual differences.

F. Developing Mastery

(Activity 3) Let’s Appraise!

After learning about the area of Counseling, you try to check if you were able to absorb this
new information. Many have wrong notions about this profession and as a HUMSS students you
must know what it is and what it is not.
Read the following situations and determine if what transpired in each one is reflective of
counseling or not. Write C if it is a form of counseling and NC if it is not counseling. (5 points)

1. Rose broke up with her boyfriend before Valentine’s Day. Depressed, she approached her
best friend for some form of consolation. Rose’s friend, Carla, told her to just forget about him
and that there really are plenty of good-looking guys around anyway.

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 2. Buddy, a 12-year old student has been feeling off lately. He just realized that he feels
deeply for his neighbor Leo. They have been playing computer games a lot and he finds himself
fantasizing about them together holding hands. He went to his favorite teacher and told her
about this. Shocked, his teacher told him to act more masculine and to avoid Leo.
3. Faye approached Candy and told her of her financial difficulties. She told Candy that she
can’t control her shopping behavior. Candy asked her why she kept on shopping. Candy also
told her to observe her behavior and be mindful of her expenses. Maybe then Faye may realize
what triggers her to shop.
4. Peter had already planned his future. At age 30, he would marry the girl of his dreams, buy
a house, a car and have at least 3 kids. Now he is already 37 and still single. He asks a friend
what seems to be wrong and his friend tells him that maybe girls see him as not good enough to
be a husband.
5. Nikki does not know what course to take in college. She approaches her mother to ask her
for suggestions. Her mom sits with her the whole afternoon and goes over different college
courses over the internet. When done, her mom finally asks her, “So, sweetheart what course
would make you happy?”

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily

living (Activity 4) Skills Check

This profession requires skills in determining problems or red flags on its audience. Check if
you are ready to become a counselor and do the following activity. As mentioned above, you
must know how to read situations to help your audience.
Match the items in Group A with the items in group B. Group A presents the goals of
counseling and group B are outcomes. Write the letter of your answer from group B before the
number. (10 points)

Group A
1. Change in Behavior
2. Mental Health
3. Problem Solving
4. Personal Effectiveness
5. Decision Making

Group B
a. Lola Cynthia now feels so relieved after talking to her doctor. Her doctor told her that she
should find ways to keep herself busy so that she will not be stressed so to allow herself to heal.

b. Mr. Dan finally knows how to choose which one of his supervisors to promote. He just came
from a meeting with the HR Director.

c. Teacher Hally has a student conference with Bobby, a 7-year old who always comes to class
late and without homework. The next day, Bobby was 10 minutes early and he proudly showed
Teacher Hally his homework.

d. Gloria’s husband always goes home late. Just 6 months after the wedding, Gloria already
feels so alone. She calls up one of their close friends and discloses her frustration. Their friend
told her that her husband loves to eat and implies that if only Gloria knew how to cook, he would
always be home early. Because she wants to be happy, she takes cooking lessons because this
would make her husband happy, too.

e. Anne’s family transferred to the city for better opportunities. New to the school, Anne was
having difficulties adjusting. She was always seen alone in the cafeteria and would be the last
choice in group activities. Her class adviser having noticed this decided to talk to Anne. She
also found ways for the class to notice and accept Anne as part of the class. After two months,
she saw Anne with a classmate talking and laughing in the cafeteria. Anne’s grades also
showed improvement.

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 H. Making generalization and abstractions about the lesson

(Activity 5) Wrapping Up
You have now a better understanding of the counseling profession. Some will pursue this
profession since they may find this Applied Social Science interesting. Test yourself with this
activity and look if your interests match. Review the goals and principles of counseling and
make a good comparison to yourself.
Choose any object inside your house and make a comparison with the Goals or Principles of
Counseling. It must not exceed in less than 5 sentences. (20 points)
Criteria:
Content - 10
Clarity of ideas - 5
Organization of thoughts - 5
20pts

I. Evaluating learning

(Activity 6) Stepping Forward

Moving ahead, take this activity and use the learnings above to answer the following
situations. This will help you put in to practice your idea of the counseling profession by applying
them on these situations.
What are you going to do to address the challenges presented in the following situation?
Explain your honest answer while considering the principles of counseling. (10 points)

Situation 1:
John is considered by many as a bully and is usually fighting with classmates. No one ever
attempted to fight back because they are afraid of him. He has been seen with known drug
addicts in the area. To not make matters worse, you and your friends decided it is time to talk to
him and tell him how people in school thought and felt about him. How would you handle the
situation?

Situation 2:
One section of grade 12 students was trapped in their classroom after an earthquake. After they
were rescued, some were in shock and others were crying. How would you handle the
situation?

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Assignment
As counselors keep watch on the students’ mental health at school, try reaching out to your
family members at home. Ask them and show some care as this profession is a helping
profession.
Interview your family and ask the following questions:
1. How do you feel about the ECQ or GCQ? Why?
2. What do you do to feel good about ECQ or GCQ?

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 6

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