AC BRIDGES

CAPACITANCE INDUCTANCE MAXWELL’S MAXWELL HAY’S BRIDGE ANDERSON SCHERING BRIDGE WIEN BRIDGE
COMPARISION BRIDGE COMPARSION BRIDGE INDUCATNCE BRIDGE INDUCTANCE BRIDGE
CAPACITANCE BRIDGE
DEFINITION: DEFINITION: DEIFINITION: DEFINITION: DEFINITION: DEIFINITION: DEFINITION: DEFINITION:
The capacitance bridge is By using this bridge unknown In the Maxwell’s inductance A Maxwell inductance It is also a modification of the The Anderson bridge is one Schering bridge used for the Basically the bridge is used for
mainly used for the value of inductance and its bridge, there are two pure capacitance bridge is used for the Maxwell’s Wien Bridge and is of the important bridges measurement of capacitance the frequency measurement but
measurement of unknown internal resistance can be resistances used for balance measurement of inductance by particularly useful if the phase used for the measurement and dielectric loss of a it is also used for the
capacitance. The ratio arms in a calculated. relations but on other side or arms making comparison with a angle of the inductive of self-inductances in terms capacitor. Further it has two measurement of unknown
capacitance bridge are resistive the two known impedances are standard capacitance value. impedance is large. of standard capacitance type. capacitor with greater accuracy.
in nature. used. value.  Low voltage bridge
 High voltage bridge
CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT: CIRCUIT:

BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING BALANCING CONDITION: BALANCING CONDITION:
CONDITION:
Rx =
𝑅3𝐶4 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝐶3
𝑅2𝑅3 𝐶3𝑅1 𝑅2𝑅3 𝑅2𝐿3 𝑅2(𝑅3+𝑟) 𝑅2𝑅3 𝑤𝐶1𝑅1𝑅2𝑅4 𝑅2𝑅3 𝐶2 = +
Rx = Cx = Rx = Lx = Rx = Rx = 𝑅1 R3 = R1 = 𝑅4 𝑅3 𝐶1
𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅1 𝑅1 1+𝑤𝑅1𝐶1 𝑅4
𝑅2𝐿3 Lx= R2R3C1 𝑅4𝐶2
Lx= 𝐶𝑅3 Cx = 1
𝑅1 𝐶1𝑅2𝑅4 L1= 𝑅4 [𝑟(𝑅4 + 𝑅3 F = 2∗𝑝𝑖∗
L3 = 1+𝑤𝑅1𝐶1 √𝑅1𝐶1𝑅3𝐶3
𝑅2) + 𝑅2𝑅4]
ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES: ADVANTAGES:
It can detect very small It is frequency independent. Balanced equations are frequency In a Maxwell inductance It used to find unknown It is very easy to obtain the Is is less costly as compared This may be used for
resistance. It measure medium inductance independent. capacitance bridge, the capacitors inductance balance point in to other bridges. measurement of capacitance
It is frequency dependent value with precision are cheaper when compared to a Anderson’s bridge as also.
stable and accurate standard value It use small resistance value to compared to Maxwell It is independent of frequency
of inductors. determine the quality factor bridge in case of low
quality factor coils. It can be used to measure
Balanced equations are frequency capacitance at low voltages.
independent. There is no need of
variable standard capacitor
is required instead of thin a
fixed value capacitor is
used.

DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:

It does not not work on a very
large value of capacitance and
resistance as it shows error
It cannot be used for the The bridge require a variable
measurement of Q factors below standard capacitor which may be
1. expensive if calibrated to high
degree of accuracy
It is not applicable for those
which has less than 10 (ohm)
Q factor.
It depend on the frequency.
It has more parts and
complex in construction.
This bridge is not suitable
for high frequencies
application.
A high voltage schering
bridge is used with a high
frequency in order to measure
small capacitance.
Because of the frequency
sensitivity, the wien bridge may
be difficult to balance unless the
waveform of the applied voltage
is sinusoidal

APPLICATIONS: APPLICATIONS: APPLICATION APPLICATION: APPLICATION: APPLICATIONS: APPLICATIONS: APPLICATIONS:

LIMITATION:
It is used for low value of
resistance and capacitance
having a low Q coil factor.
LIMITATION:
The inductance comparison
bridge is used for the
measurement of low Q factor
values of the order of 1 to 10.
The bridge is used for the
measurement of medium Q
factor values.
LIMITATION:
Valid for medium quality Q coil
factor i.e from (1 to 10), not
suitable for coil having Q<1
LIMITATION:
It is not used for high Q-coil.
It is used to determine the self- Andersons bridge is well
inductance of the coil.
LIMITATION:
It is valid for high Q factor
known for its application
measuring self-inductance
from a few micro Henry to
several Henry precisely
LIMITATION:
Sometimes we need to
measure self-inductance of
coil having very low
quality factor. And the
Anderson bridge is the
most suitable bridge for
this having very low
quality factor.
It is used on a short scale such
as to find the capacitance of a
capacitor
Is is used generator and power
engine that require high
voltage, To prevent worker
from high voltages.
LIMITATION:
It is widely used for testing
small capacitor at low
voltages with very high
precision
The bridge is used to measure
the frequency in audio rangethe
audio range is 20-200 , 2K-
20KHz.
The bridge can be used for
capacitance measurement if the
operating frequency is known.
LIMITATION: