UNIT 5: CULTURAL IDENTITY

A. VOCABULARY
STT WORDS PRONUNCIATION MEANING
1 Assimilate /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ đồng hóa
Assimilation /əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ sự đồng hóa
2 Character /ˈkær.ək.tər/ nhân vật
Characteristic /ˌkær.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪk/ cá tính
Characteristics /ˌkær.ək.təˈrɪs.tɪks/ đặc điểm, đặc trưng
characterize /ˈkær.ək.tə.raɪz/ mô tả; tiêu biểu cho
3 costume /ˈkɒs.tʃuːm/
4 Culture /ˈkʌl.tʃər/
Cultural /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
multicultural /ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/
5 custom
6 Ethnic /ˈeθ.nɪk/ thuộc dân tộc
ethnicity /eθˈnɪs.ə.ti/ sắc tộc
7 Global
Globalize
Globalization
8 Heritage
9 Identify /aɪˈden.tə.ti/ đặc tính; đặc điểm
Identification /aɪˈden.tɪ.faɪ/ nhận ra; nhận dạng
Identical /aɪˌden.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ sự nhận ra
Identifier /aɪˈden.tɪ.kəl/ giống hệt
/aɪˈdentɪfaɪər/ chuỗi mã nhận dạng, chuỗi ký
hiệu
nhận dạng
10 Integrate hội nhập
Integration sự hội nhập
11 Invade
Invader
invasion
12 Maintain
Maintenance
13 Solidarity /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/ tình đoàn kết
solidify /səˈlɪd.ɪ.faɪ/ đoàn kết
14 Submission sự khuất phục
15 Worship /ˈwɜː.ʃɪp/ tôn kính, thờ cúng
Worshipping /ˈwɜː.ʃɪp.ɪŋ/ sự tôn sùng, sự thờ cúng
Structures
1 Be due to do st
2 Be exposed to st
3 Be familiar with st
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 Be familiar to sb
Be familiar with sb
4 Be in contact with = have contact with sb =
keep in touch with sb # lose contact/ lose
touch with sb
5 Define oneself by st
6 Feel a strong urge to do st
7 Gain one’s independence
8 Integrate into
9 Promote one’s cultural image
10 Remind sb to do st
Remind sb of sb/ st
11 Take st for granted
12 Tend to do st = have a tendency to do st

B. GRAMMAR
I. Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
II. Repeated Comparatives (So sanh lap)
 Miêu tả mộ t sự việc đang trong tình trạ ng tă ng lên hoặ c giả m xuố ng

Forms Examples
Short Adj/ Adv Adj/ Adv+ER AND Adj/ Adv+ ER + My English is getting better
and better
Long Adj/ Adv MORE AND MORE Adj/ Adv + She is getting more and more
LESS AND LESS Adj/ Adv beautiful
+ this style is less and less
popular now.
Noun
Plural Nouns MORE AND MORE + N/ + More and more people use
smartphones today.
FEWER AND FEWER + N

Uncountable MORE AND MORE + N/ + they have more and more

Nouns LESS AND LESS + N time to do this test.

C. PRACTICE EXERCISES
Familiar with st (adj) Quen thuộc với
National identity Bản sắc quốc gia
Cultural identifier Cơ sở định dạng văn hóa
Maintain Duy trì
Submit an essay Nộp bài
Essay submission (n)
Customs # costumes Phong tục # trang phục
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 Assimilate a people Đồng hóa dân tộc
Assimilation Sự đồng hóa
Multicultural (community) Cộng đồng đa văn hóa
Respect (diverse cultural values) Tôn trọng (các giá trị văn hóa khác nhau)
Integrate (into the world) Hội nhập
Integration
Abandon(v) Từ bỏ
Abandonment (n)
Define (themselves) Khẳng định, định nghĩa bản thân
1. Young teenagers nowadays use smartphones, trendy fashions and things like that to
………………..themselves.
2. Some people believe that TV and the Internet are key factors that
…………………..Vietnamese people faster and more easily.
3. Making great efforts to …………………into the world is a must for the current youth, but
learning how to preserve their own cultural identity is very important as well.
4. Vietnamese people living in foreign countries never ……………………their heritage
culture, they usually celebrate important festivals to educate their children about THEIR
origins and tradition.
5. The best way to live in harmony with others in ………………………….communities is that
all of people must be equally respected and live peacefully together.
6. Each people has their own culture, we must……………………..each people’s diverse
cultural values. That’s a great way to maintain peace and harmony in a community.
7. All of people encouraged and supported the government’s ……………………of its new
economic policy.
8. I really like the traditional ……………………….of Vietnam.
9. His music is the …………………….of tradition and new technology.
10. Vietnamese students overseas always hold some typical festivals to maintain and advertise
their cultural…………….
Stages Giai đoạn
Take it for granted Đón nhận một cách hiển nhiên
Critical thinking Tư duy phản biện
Religious belief Tín ngưỡng
Acquire (cultural identity) Thâm nhập, thụ đắc được
Fully exposed to st Tiếp cận với …
Inherit Thừa hưởng
React = respond Phản ứng
Flexibly adjust = flexible adjustment Điều chỉnh một cách linh hoạt
Reflect/ mirror Phản ánh
Offer sense òf being rooted in native Mang lại cảm giác có nguồn gốc từ nền
culture văn hóa bản địa
1. Taking pảrt in some traditional festivals organized by our parents in the USA offers us sense
of being rooted in our CULTURE

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 2. We feel proud of being a Vietnamese citizen because of …………………….our ancestors’
history.
3. The children are at very different …………………..of development.
4. His facial expressions……………………….that he doesn’t want to accept that point of
view; however, he tries to calm himself and patiently listen to his partner.
5. He……………………..surprisingly to the news. It made him rather shock.
6. We need to respect other people’s …………………………..in order to live in harmony with
other people with different religions.
7. By participating in traditional games, festivals and such activities, children
gradually………………………their cultural identity.
8. Your parents are always beside us and we usually take them……………………..
PHONETICS
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. sacrifice B. unify C. dramatic D. injustice
Question 2: A. argue
B. unique C. mutual D. costume
Question 3: A. destroy B. equal C. remain D. remove
Question 4: A. covers B. maintains C. protects D. explores
Question 5: A. shared B. showed C. explored D. beloved
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of the
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. belief B. maintain C. attire D. martial
Question 2: A. cuisine B. ritual C. culture D. spirit
Question 3: A. multicultural B. assimilation C. communication D. determination
Question 4: A. language B. oblige C. conflict D. ancient
Question 5: A. controversial B. superstitious C. identity D. generation
IIi. Use the correct form of the words in the brackets to complete sentences.
Question 1: Language is the most important cultural _____ because it allows me to communicate
with my family and community. (IDENTIFY)
Question 2: Many non- Christian people in the UK enjoy the festive season without attaching any
______ significance to it. (RELIGION)
Question 3: Events such as Diwali, Ramadan New Year provide a _______opportunity for children
to learn about the specific foods associated with these events. (VALUE)
Question 4: There is a highly _______ topic about racial conflict in Singapore.(
CONTROVERSY)
Question 5: In March, the Elephant Racing Festival is held at the village to promote the martial
spirit of the M’Nong and Ede people, who are famous for their ____ in wild elephant hunting.
(RAVE)
Iv. Find the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each
question

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Question 1: The range of TV program is very broad because it is melting-pot society and people of
all backgrounds like to watch TV.
A. multicultural B. multilingual C. breezing D. hot
Question 2: Hue festival was held to preserve traditional customs that were practiced during
Nguyen Dynasty.
A. modern B. cutting – edge C. conventional D. new
Question 3: When Americans are invited to formal or informal get–togethers, they usually try to
make others feel comfortable and relaxed.
A. conferences B. meetings C. conferences D. social reunions
Question 4: In an increasingly globalized world, preserving the cultural heritage of indigenous
people remains a problem.
A. exotic B. natural C. foreign D. native
Question 5: The Chinese people always worship their ancestors to pay tribute to them.
A. forefathers B. heirs C. elders D. fossils
Question 6: You shouldn't expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately.
A. become accepted B. get rejected C. be alienated D. be identified
Question 7: Young people often dispense with the traditional ceremonies of marriage.
A. engage upon B. unite C. destroy D. omit
Question 8: It was a pretty town with a picturesque harbor and well-preserved buildings.
A. kept in good condition B. kept in bad condition
C. badly damaged D. brand new
Question 9: Although Bac Ninh is the tiniest city of Viet Nam, it has a long-standing culture.
A. long-lasting B. lengthy C. long D. well-established
Question 10: A number of practices at local festivals have come under strong scrutiny in recent
years.
A. approval B. attention C. disapproval D. examination
V. Find the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each
question
Question 1: The UNESCO encourages all countries to sign the world heritage convention and to
ensure the protection of cultural heritage.
A. preservation B. conservation C. destruction D. maintenance
Question 2: Examples can be found in well-known festivals of some ethnic groups in Vietnam.
A. prominent B. obscure C. outstanding D. destructive
Question 3: The villagers show their solidarity by playing traditional drums together.
A. friendship B. unity C. collaboration D. disunity
Question 4: It’s discourteous to ask Americans questions about their age, marriage or income.
A. polite B. unacceptable C. rude D. sympathetic
Question 5: Because China rises, people can anticipate that more and more people will speak the
Chinese language.
A. assume B. expect C. doubt D. foretell
Question 6: Humans can use language deceptively by telling lies or half-truths.
A. in an honest way B. in a dishonest way C. for a serious purpose D. at the wrong time
Question 7: I cannot understand why people in this country did that, it really doesn't add up.
A. doesn't calculate B. is easy to understand
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C. doesn't make sense D. makes the wrong addition
Question 8: The stereotype that women are submissive is completely false.
A. obedient B. rebellious C. subdued D. docile
Question 9: Many ethnic groups find it hard to maintain their own languages.
A. continue B. discontinue C. preserve D. speak
Question 10: The 21st century has witnessed the surprisingly increasing formation of multicultural
societies
where a varying number of ethnic people stay together.
A. continental B. global C. universal D. worldwide
C. GRAMMAR
I. Put the verbs in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous
Question 1: The Vietnamese folk culture (evolve) _______ on the basis of the wet rice civilization.
Question 2: His children (try) _________ to integrate into the local culture by taking part in
festivals each month.
Question 3: We (not finish) ______ reading the books about Japan culture yet, so we cannot answer
your questions at the moment.
Question 4: It seems that he (live) ______ in Singapore because he has a good understanding of
diverse cuisines here.
Question 5: From the past to present, folk festivals (be) ______ a distinctive color palette showing
the diversity of Vietnamese ethnic groups.
Question 6: Peter (study) ________ how to speak English well, which helps him a lot to travel
around the world by himself.
Question 7: Many studies (carry out) ____________ to find what makes Japan’s culture more
impressive than others.
Question 8: In order not to be treated as second -class citizens, people living in a foreign country
(integrate) ______ into its culture.
Question 9: Cultural identity is at risk of dying out, so government (take) ___________ measures
to preserve it.
Question 10: It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It (rain) _______ for two hours.
II. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and +
comparative with the word in blankets.
Question 1: It’s becoming ___________ to integrate into American culture. (DIFFICULT)
Question 2: It is becoming ________________ to find a job. (HARD)
Question 3: His visit to New York seemed to get ______ because he was very busy at work.
(SHORT)
Question 4: Eating and travelling in this city is getting __________. (EXPENSIVE)
Question 5: As the day went to the weather got ________________. (BAD)
Question 6: We had to stop the discussion because the question we becoming ____.
(COMPLICATED)
Question 7: Your English is ok now for your pronunciation has got ________________. (GOOD)
Question 8: Little John is becoming _________________. (ACTIVE)
Question 9: The market for tablets is becoming __________ all the time. (COMPETITIVE)
Question 10: It's time you tidied your room. It's getting __________. (MESSY)

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D. READING COMPREHENSION
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Vietnam has an age-old and special culture that is closely attached to the history of the
(23)__________ and development of the nation.
Historians have shared a common view that Vietnam has a fairly large cultural community
(24)_________ was formed around the first half of the first millenium B.C. and flourished in the middle of
this millenium. That was Dong Son cultural community. This culture attained a degree of development
higher than that of others at that time in the region and had its own characteristics but still bore the features
of Southeast Asian culture because of the common South Asian racial root (Southern Mongoloid) and the
wet rice culture. Different development routes of local cultures in various areas (in the deltas of Red River,
Ma River, Ca River and so on) joined together to form the Dong Son culture. This was also the period of the
very “embryonic” state of Vietnam in the form of inter- and super-village community, which (25) ________
into being and existed in order to resist invaders and to build and maintain dykes for rice cultivation. From
this pattern of “embryo” state, primitive tribes grew into nations.
The Vietnamese nation was formed early in the history and often had to carry out wars of resistance
against foreign invaders, which created a prominent cultural feature: a patriotism that infiltrated and
encompassed every aspect of life. Community factors with primitive origin were amalgamated early in the
history and became the foundations for the development of patriotism and national consciousness. (26)
__________ wars were the major cause of the vicissitudes of the Vietnamese social development history.
All the social and economic structures were often dismantled by wars, so the social development
could hardly reach its peak. Also (27) ___________ the destruction of wars, Vietnam has virtually no
gigantic cultural and artistic construction, or if any, they could not have been preserved intact.
Question 23: A. former B. formed C. form D. formation
Question 24: A. when B. that C. who D. where
Question 25: A. came B. put C. created D. made
Question 26: A. Continually B. Continue C. Continual D. Continuous
Question 27: A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
With the throwing of colored powder and water balloons, Holi has become known as India’s most
vivid, joyous festival. International travel groups selling tours to the country often place photos of boisterous
Holi celebrations alongside pictures of the Taj Mahal.
Holi has been celebrated in the Indian subcontinent for centuries, with poems documenting
celebrations dating back to the 4th century CE. It marks the beginning of spring after a long winter,
symbolic of the triumph of good over evil. It is celebrated in March, corresponding to the Hindu calendar
month of Phalguna.
On the eve of the festival, large pyres are lit in many parts of India to signify the burning of evil
spirits. People often throw wood, dried leaves and twigs into bonfires. On the day of Holi, entire streets and
towns turn red, green and yellow as people throw colored powder into the air and splash them on others.
Each color carries a meaning. Red, for example, symbolizes love and fertility while green stands for new
beginnings.
People also splash water on each other in celebration. Water guns are used to squirt water, while
balloons filled with colored water are also flung from rooftops. Later in the day, families gather together for
festive meals. It is also common to distribute sweets among neighbors and friends. Holi has become
increasingly popular outside of India - in large part because of the millions of Indians and other South
Asians living all over the world. As with Diwali, another Indian festival, communities with South Asian
heritage living abroad often get together to celebrate Holi. “We want the future generation to be connected
to the culture back home,” says Minal Jaiswal, who moved to London from Mumbai in 2003. Jaiswal
organizes a not-for-profit Holi event every year for London’s South Asian community, which features
dance performances and short plays on the story behind Holi. “Celebrating as a community helps parents
show their children what this festival stands for.”
(Adapted from https://time.com/)
Question 1: What could be served as the best title for the passage?
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A. Holi- The Festival of Colors
B. Brief History of Holi Festival
C. Should Holi become an International Festival?
D. The tourist attractions in India
Question 2: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.
A. the 4th century CE B. the Indian subcontinent C. Holi D. a long winter
Question 3: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Holi?
A. International tourists get to know about Holi thanks to the fame of Taj Mahal.
B. The time Holi takes places often changes according to the Hindu calendar.
C. Visitors taking part in Holi are usually dyed by the colored powder splashed on them.
D. The large fires lit on the previous night of Holi symbolize the triumph of devils.
Question 4: The word “flung” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. hurled B. hung C. broken D. blown
Question 5: According to the passage, Indians living abroad also celebrate Holi for the purpose of
___________.
A. introducing their special cultures to the international friends.
B. reminding the young to conserve their traditional cultures.
C. marking the development of Indian cultures outside the border of their country.
D. showing their solidarity and respect to their ancestors.
Question 6: The phrase “stands for” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by ____________.
A. originates B. represents C. succeeds D. preserves
Question 7: Which can be inferred from the passage?
A. Indians often choose the color of powder corresponding to their wish in the real life.
B. Parties after the festival are only shared with neighbors and friends.
C. The more powder and water you receive in the festival, the more luck you get in the future.
D. India’s traditional festivals have contributed to the development of tourism of the country