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POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Assignment - 7

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ

Number of questions: 4 Total marks: 20

QUESTION 1: Mark: 6

For a current transformer with a turn ratio of 500:5, a secondary leakage impedance of (0.02+j0.20) Ω and a
magnetizing impedance is (5.0+j15) Ω, calculate the magnitude of correction factor (𝜀) for a resistive burden
of 1.2 Ω and compare it with an inductive burden of j1.2 Ω.

(A) 1.04, |𝜀|1.2Ω < |𝜀|𝑗1.2Ω

(B) 1.04, |𝜀|1.2Ω > |𝜀|𝑗1.2Ω
(C) 0.6, |𝜀|1.2Ω < |𝜀|𝑗1.2Ω
(D) 0.6, |𝜀|1.2Ω > |𝜀|𝑗1.2Ω

Correct answer: (A)

Detailed Solution:

Zm = 5.0+j15 Ω , Zx2 =0.02+j0.20 Ω , Zb =1.2 Ω

𝑍 ×(𝑍𝑥2 +𝑍𝑏 ) (5.0+j15)(0.02+j0.20+1.2)
𝐸𝑚 = 𝐼1 (𝑍𝑚 = 𝐼1 (5.0+j15+0.02+j0.20+1.2) = 𝐼1 (1.19∠13.130 ).
𝑚 +𝑍𝑥2 +𝑍𝑏 )

𝐸 𝐼1 ×1.19∠13.13°
𝐼𝑚 = 𝑍𝑚 = = 𝐼1 × 0.075∠ − 58.43°
𝑚 5.0+𝑗15
𝐼𝑚
Per unit CT error = = 0.075∠ − 58.43°
𝐼1
1 1
Correction factor 𝜀 = 1−𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 1−0.075∠−58.43° = 1.04∠ − 3.80°
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For Zb = j1.2 Ω
𝑍 ×(𝑍𝑥2 +𝑍𝑏 ) (5.0+j15)(0.02+j0.20+𝑗1.2)
𝐸𝑚 = 𝐼1 (𝑍𝑚 = 𝐼1 (5.0+j15+0.02+j0.20+𝑗1.2) = 𝐼1 (1.29∠87.770 )
𝑚 +𝑍𝑥2 +𝑍𝑏 )

𝐸 𝐼1 ×1.29∠87.770
and 𝐼𝑚 = 𝑍𝑚 = = 𝐼1 (0.08∠16.20° )
𝑚 5.0+𝑗15
𝐼𝑚
Per unit CT error = = 0.08∠16.20°
𝐼1
1 1
𝜀 = 1−𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 1−0.08∠16.20° = 1.08∠1.380

QUESTION 2: Mark: 6

For a 500:5 A, 10C800 class CT used for protecting a line, the maximum burden resistance allowed for a
system fault current of 5000A is

(A) 5.6 Ω (B) 6.7 Ω (C) 7.8 Ω (D) 8.9 Ω

Correct answer: (D)

Detailed Solution:

CT secondary winding is rated at 5 A secondary, this corresponds to a maximum secondary current of (20x5=)
100 A.
The 10C800 CT will have an error of ≤10% at a secondary current of 100 A for burden impedances which
produce 800 V or less at its secondary terminals.
The magnitude of the magnetizing impedance for maximum error
800
= 80 𝛺 .
𝐼𝑚(=10% 𝑜𝑓 100𝐴)

For a primary current of 5000 A, the nominal secondary current will be 5000 x (5/500) = 50 A.
With a maximum error of 10 %, this will allow a magnetizing current of 5 A.
At this magnetizing current, it will have a maximum secondary voltage = 80x5=400 V.
The primary current is 50 A, the maximum burden impedance which will produce 400 V at the secondary is
400
= = 8.88 Ω.
(50−5)
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QUESTION 3: Mark: 2

Which of the following approaches is followed to reduce the effect of capacitor voltage transformer (CVT)
transient on distance relay performance?

(A) Zone-1 setting is reduced compared to conventional setting

(B) Zone-1 setting is increased compared to conventional setting
(C) Zone-1 decision is blocked for 2-cycles following fault inception
(D) Ferro-resonance suppression circuit is used with the CVT.

Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:
Refer Lecture 36

QUESTION 4: Mark: 6

M
IM

L T
IL

IN

Positive sequence voltage and current data measured at bus L, M and N are provided in Table-I for a 3-phase
fault at bus T of a 220 kV, 50 Hz system, shown in the figure. Choose the correct order based on the impact
of CVT transient on the distance relays at bus L, M and N respectively. Lengths of lines LT, MT and NT are
100 km each with a positive sequence impedance of (0.03+j0.33) Ω/km.

Table - I
Bus L Bus M Bus N
VL: 122.5∠120 kV VM: 121∠120 kV VN: 118∠120 kV
IL: 62.32∠-50 A IM: 72.63∠-50 A IN: 110.24∠-50 A

(A) 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐿 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑀 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑁

(B) 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑀 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑁 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐿
(C) 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐿 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑁 < 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑀
(D) 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐿 = 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑀 = 𝐶𝑉𝑇 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑁
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Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:

Impedance of lines LT, MT and NT = 100 * (0.03+j0.33) Ω = 3+j33 Ω = 33.14∠84.80 Ω

220
( −122.5)×1000
√3
Source impedance at L (ZSM) = Ω = 72.48 Ω
62.32

SIRL, (ZS/ZL) = 72.48/ 33.14 = 2.19

220
( −121)×1000
√3
Source impedance at M (ZSM) = Ω = 82.84 Ω
72.63

SIRM, (ZS/ZL) = 82.84/ 33.14 = 2.5

220
( −118)×1000
√3
Source impedance at N (ZSM) = Ω = 81.79 Ω
110.24

SIRN, (ZS/ZL) = 81.79/ 33.14 = 2.45

As the impact of CVT transient is more prominent with increase in SIR (refer lecture 36), correct relation is
provided in (C)