NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

Assignment - 9

TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ

Number of questions: 5 Total marks: 20

QUESTION 1: Mark: 4

A line differential relay uses percentage bias characteristic in the current ratio plane. Determine the radius
and center of the circular characteristic for a bias setting of 0.25?

(A) 0.47, (-1.13, 0)

(B) 0.53, (-1.13, 0)
(C) 0.47, (-0.88, 0)
(D) 0.53, (-0.88, 0)

Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:
2×0.25 1+𝑚2
Radius = (1−0.252) = 0.53, Center = (− 1−𝑚2 , 0) = (−1.13,0)
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 2: Mark: 2

Find the proper region in Fig. 2, where a current ratio plane based line differential relay protecting a radial
feeder (as shown in the Fig.1) will find its operating point for an internal fault.
Do not consider CT saturation and synchronization error.
̅
𝐼𝑅
= 𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏, where 𝐼𝐿̅ and 𝐼𝑅̅ are the local and remote end current phasors.
𝐼𝐿̅

M N
IL IR

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

(A) X1
(B) X2
(C) X3 or X5
(D) X1 or X3 or X4

Correct answer: (B)

Detailed Solution:

For internal fault in such a radial feeder, remote end current becomes zero.
So the operating point will be at origin.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 3: Mark: 2

Line MN of a 220 kV, 50 Hz system, shown in Fig. 1, is protected by a α-plane based line differential relay
with an operating characteristic as shown in Fig. 2. Determine the maximum value of R for dependable
operation in a highly loading condition, considering maximum outfeed at local end to be 40% of the remote
end current.

M N
IL IR

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

(A) 0.5 (B) 1.5 (C) 2.5 (D) 3.5

Correct answer: (C)

Detailed Solution:
For internal faults with outfeed at local end, the relay should find the operating point in the left side of the
characteristic (refer lecture 42).
With maximum outfeed at local end, the ratio becomes,

𝐼𝑅̅ 𝐼𝑅̅
= = 2.5
𝐼𝐿̅ 0.4 × 𝐼𝑅̅

So, the value of R should be ≤ 2.5.

 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 4: Mark: 6

In a 220 kV, 50 Hz transmission network, a line is protected by α-plane based line differential relay, as shown
in the figure. The relay is set with R = 6 and α = 1200. What will be the decisions taken by the relay for 3
different fault cases, as mentioned in Table – I? Consider the system to be homogeneous and other constraints
to be ideal except the condition mentioned in the table for individual case.

(A) Case-I: No Trip, Case-II: No Trip, Case-III: Trip

(B) Case-I: No Trip, Case-II: Trip, Case-III: No Trip
(C) Case-I: Trip, Case-II: Trip, Case-III: No Trip
(D) Case-I: No Trip, Case-II: Trip, Case-III: Trip

Correct answer: (D)

Detailed Solution:

Case –I:
 As this is an internal fault case with outfeed at one end, both end currents will be in phase opposition.
 IL = 0.2IR
𝐼
 Ratio, 𝐼𝑅 = 5∠180° = (−5,0)
𝐿
 As R = 6, the ratio will be inside retraining zone. So relay will not trip.

Case –II:
 As this is an internal fault case with outfeed at one end, both end currents will be in phase opposition.
 IR = 0.15IL
𝐼
 Ratio, 𝐼𝑅 = 0.15∠180° = (−0.15,0)
𝐿
 1/R = 0.167. So the ratio will be outside retraining zone. So relay will trip.

Case –III:
 As this is an external fault case, both end currents will be in phase opposition.
 In a 50 Hz system, 1-cycle corresponds to (1/50) s = 0.02 s = 20 ms
 1 ms delay corresponds to (3600/20) = 180
 3.5 ms delay corresponds to (18 x 3.5) = 630
 α = 1200 provides a tolerance level of ±600
 Therefore, relay will trip even for an external fault condition.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

QUESTION 5: Mark: 6
M IM T

IP P
N IN

Phase b currents of all three feeders measured by a differential relay protecting busbar T are provided in Table
– II for two fault cases with corresponding prefault values. The first one is a phase-b-to-phase-c fault and
second one is a phase-b-to-ground fault case. Identify both the fault cases based on the relay decision -- internal
or external to busbar T.
Pickup current of the differential relay to be set as 130% of the maximum feeder current and bias setting to be
50%.
Table - II
During Prefault Case - I Case - II
IMb: 2.75 ∠5.15°A IMb: 2.44 ∠-28.64°A IMb: 1.82 ∠-14.89°A
INb: 1.15 ∠-174.75°A INb: 3.03 ∠68.75°A INb: 2.86 ∠-165.01°A
IPb: 1.48 ∠-174.75°A IPb: 3.63 ∠-152.5°A IPb: 3.74 ∠-165.01°A

(A) Case – I: Internal fault, Case – II: External fault

(B) Case – I: External fault, Case – II: External fault
(C) Case – I: External fault, Case – II: Internal fault
(D) Case – I: Internal fault, Case – II: Internal fault

Correct answer: (C)

Detailed Solution:
IPU = 1.3 ×|IMb |= 3.57 A, m = 0.5 (set)

Case – I:
Iop−b = |IMb + INb +IPb |= |2.44 ∠-28.64°+3.03 ∠68.75°+3.63 ∠-152.5°|= 0.03 A
ires−b = |IMb |+|INb |+|IPb |=|2.44 ∠-28.64°|+|3.03 ∠68.75°|+ |3.63 ∠-152.5°|= 9.1 A

IOP−b ≯ IPU  So this is an external fault case.

Case – II:
Iop−b = |IMb + INb +IPb |= |1.82 ∠-14.89°+2.86 ∠-165.01°+3.74 ∠-165.01°|= 5.11 A
Ires−b = |IMb |+|INb |+|IPb |=|1.82 ∠-14.89°|+|2.86 ∠-165.01°|+ |3.74 ∠-165.01°|= 8.42 A

m × ires−b = 0.5× 8.42 = 4.21

IOP−b > IPU and IOP−b > m× ires−b  So this is an internal fault case.