Buoyancy

Tuesday, 28 June 2022

Situation 1. An object weighs 4 N in water and 5 N in alcohol (SG = 0.80). Assume unit weight of water is 9.79 kN/m3.

1. Calculate the volume of the object in m3.

2. Calculate the weight of the object in N.

3. Calculate the density of the object in kg/m3.

Situation 2. A square tank 1.20 m. on each side, 3m. deep is filled to a depth of 2.70 m. with water. A wooden cube having a specific gravity of 0.50 measuring 60 cm on an
edge is placed in the water so that it will float.

1. Determine the weight of water displaced by the cube.

2. Determine the rise of water above the original liquid surface.

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Situation 2. A square tank 1.20 m. on each side, 3m. deep is filled to a depth of 2.70 m. with water. A wooden cube having a specific gravity of 0.50 measuring 60 cm on an
edge is placed in the water so that it will float.

1. Determine the weight of water displaced by the cube.

2. Determine the rise of water above the original liquid surface.

3. Determine the change in pressure force on one side of the tank.

Situation 3. A wooden board weighing 2 lb/ft has a cross-sectional area of 6.7 in2 and is supported as shown in the figure below. Assuming the hinge to be frictionless:
(γoil = 52 pcf)
1. Calculate the specific gravity of the board.

2. Calculate the length of the board submerged in oil.

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3. Calculate the angle of inclination of the board with respect to the liquid surface.

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Hydraulic Dams
Tuesday, 28 June 2022

Situation 4. A concrete gravity dam has the following cross-section properties as given in the figure below.
The uplift pressure at the base of the dam varies linearly from 60% hydrostatic pressure at heel to zero at the toe. SGc = 2. 40.

1. Calculate the factor of safety against sliding. Use μ = 0.60

2. Calculate the factor of safety against overturning.

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3. Calculate the maximum soil pressure developed at the base of the dam.
4. Calculate the minimum soil pressure developed at the base of the dam.

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Fluids in Rigid Motion
Tuesday, 28 June 2022

Vertical Motion

Situation 5. A cubic tank, 1.5m. on a side, is filled with oil, SG = 0.752.

1. Find the pressure at the bottom of the tank when the acceleration is 5.5 m/s2 vertically upward.

2. Find the pressure at the bottom of the tank when the acceleration is 5.5 m/s2 vertically downward.

Situation 6. An unbalanced vertical force of 60.0 lb upward accelerates a volume of 1.55 ft3 of water. If the water is 3 ft deep in a cylindrical tank, what is the force
acting on the bottom of the tank?

Horizontal Motion

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Situation 7. An open tank 1.82 m. square contains 1 m. of water. It is translated horizontally to the right at an acceleration of 3 m/s2.

1. How high should the tank be such that no water will be spilled?

2. If the acceleration is increased to 5 m/s2, how much water will be spilled? Use the answer above for the height of the vessel.

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3. If the vessel is initially closed at the top and accelerated to the right at 5 m/s2, what will be the hydrostatic force acting on the left side of the vessel?

Rotational Motion

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Situation 8. A 1.2-m-diameter open vessel, 2m. high is filled with oil (SG = 0.85) at a depth of 1.6 m. and rotated at 45 rpm.

1. What is the resulting depth of liquid at the center of the vessel?

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2. What angular speed should be imposed on the vessel such that the liquid touches the bottom surface of the vessel at the center?

3. What angular speed should be imposed on the vessel such that there is no liquid 0.30 m. from the vertical axis of the vessel?

4. If the vessel is closed, the space occupied with air, then rotated at 75 rpm, what will be the resulting maximum pressure?

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