1.

eCitizen portal is an e-government initiative implemented by the Government of

Singapore. The portal won the acclaimed Stockholm Challenge Award in the year 2002. The
portal provided a one-stop shop for Singapore's citizens, enabling them to access the
information and services of various government departments quickly and easily. It
revolutionized how government-to-citizen (G2C) and government-to-business (G2B)
interaction took place.

 Process innovation is demonstrated via the eCitizen portal run by the Singaporean
government. By building easy and quick access points to government information,
governments have established innovative ways to educate their citizens. Both
citizens and businesses can now communicate with the government more easily and
effectively as a result.

2. The US-based PepsiCo is one of the world’s leading beverage and snacks food companies
in New York. In its 2002 annual report, the company claimed to have the largest share in
the US beverage markets. Analysts felt that PepsiCo's efficient distribution and logistics
management operations were one of the main reasons for its massive growth over the
decades and its leadership status in almost all its business segments. Depending on the
product involved, PepsiCo chose between various standard distribution methods, such as
the Direct Store Delivery System, the broker warehouse system, the vending and foods
service system, and the pre-sell method.

 This example uses innovation in products or services. This is due to the fact that
PepsiCo has continued to use conventional distribution methods depending on how
its products are sold while also attempting to come up with fresh marketing and
promotion strategies that are in accordance with current consumer trends. Product
innovation is the process of making adjustments to an existing product that people
find unique.