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  • Lesson 1a Overview of 3 Modes of Heat Transfer and Conduction Plane and Walls in Seires

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    JAYSON VERANO
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    Heat transfer occurs through three modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the direct contact of molecules transferring energy. Convection involves the transfer of energy by fluid motion. Radiation involves the transfer of electromagnetic waves. Fourier's law describes heat conduction through a material as proportional to the temperature gradient and thermal conductivity. Heat transfer through plane walls can be analyzed using thermal resistance models whether the walls are in series or parallel. Example problems demonstrate calculating heat transfer rates and temperatures using these principles.

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    Heat transfer occurs through three modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the direct contact of molecules transferring energy. Convection involves the transfer of energy by fluid motion. Radiation involves the transfer of electromagnetic waves. Fourier's law describes heat conduction through a material as proportional to the temperature gradient and thermal conductivity. Heat transfer through plane walls can be analyzed using thermal resistance models whether the walls are in series or parallel. Example problems demonstrate calculating heat transfer rates and temperatures using these principles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    8 views9 pages

    Lesson 1a Overview of 3 Modes of Heat Transfer and Conduction Plane and Walls in Seires

    Uploaded by

    JAYSON VERANO
    Heat transfer occurs through three modes: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the direct contact of molecules transferring energy. Convection involves the transfer of energy by fluid motion. Radiation involves the transfer of electromagnetic waves. Fourier's law describes heat conduction through a material as proportional to the temperature gradient and thermal conductivity. Heat transfer through plane walls can be analyzed using thermal resistance models whether the walls are in series or parallel. Example problems demonstrate calculating heat transfer rates and temperatures using these principles.

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    of 9

    Heat Transfer

    BY: ENGR. EDWIN S. BAUTISTA


    UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST
    Heat Transfer:
    Energy transfer by virtue of temperature difference.
    3 Modes of Heat Transfer:
    ➢ Conduction
    ➢Convection
    ➢ Radiation
    Heat Transfer:
    ➢Convection - a mode of heat transfer by the mass motion of a fluid such as air. Heat
    convection occurs to the surface of an object where the surrounding fluid of object is heated
    and moved energy away from the source of heat.
    ➢ Radiation - (as opposed to particle radiation) the transfer of internal energy in the form of
    electromagnetic waves. For most bodies on the Earth, this radiation lies in the infrared region of
    the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Sometimes this kind of radiation is called "heat waves" but
    this is a misnomer.
    Conduction:
    Heat is transmitted by direct molecular communication without appreciable
    displacement of molecules.
    Heat maybe conducted at uneven rates, decreasing or increasing.
    𝑑𝑄
    That is: unsteady state.
    𝑑𝑡
    At even rate, Q is constant steady state.
    For steady state, uni-directional flow, Fourier’s equation gives the heat
    𝑑𝑇
    conduction as: 𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴 𝑑𝑥 ; Watts, BTU/hr
    where: Q – heat conducted across a surface area A Q
    𝑊 𝐵𝑇𝑈 .𝑖𝑛
    k – thermal conductivity of material in or
    𝑚𝐾 ℎ𝑟.℉ .𝑓𝑡 2 dx
    Conduction Through a Plane Wall:
    Steady State, One – Directional with Homogenous Material:
    a. k – variable
    T1 𝑑𝑇
    𝑄 = −𝑘𝐴
    Q 𝑑𝑥
    T2 𝑄 ‫ = 𝑥𝑑 ׬‬−𝐴 ‫𝑇𝑑 𝑘 ׬‬ where: k = f(T)

    − 𝑘 𝐴 (𝑇2 −𝑇1 ) 𝑇1 −𝑇2 Δ𝑇


    b. k – constant 𝑄= = 𝑥 = where: R – thermal resistance
    𝑥 R
    𝑘𝐴

    𝑊 𝐵𝑇𝑈−𝑖𝑛
    Note: k – thermal conductivity of the material, or .
    𝑚℃ ℎ𝑟𝑓𝑡 2 ℉
    Conduction Through Plane Walls in Series:
    Steady State, One – Directional with Homogenous Material and k is constant:
    𝑻𝒂 −𝑻𝒃 𝑳𝟏
    1 ◦ 2 3 material 1: 𝑄1 = 𝑳𝟏 𝑻𝒂 − 𝑻𝒃 = 𝑄1
    𝒌𝟏 𝑨
    Ta 𝒌𝟏 𝑨
    Tb

    ◦
    Q material 2: 𝑄2 =
    𝑻𝒃 −𝑻𝒄
    𝑻𝒃 − 𝑻𝒄 = 𝑄2
    𝑳𝟐
    𝑳𝟐 𝒌𝟐 𝑨
    𝒌𝟐 𝑨
    Tc
    Td
    𝑻𝒄 −𝑻𝒅 𝑳𝟑
    material 3: 𝑄3 = 𝑳𝟑 𝑻𝒄 − 𝑻𝒅 = 𝑄3
    𝒌𝟑 𝑨
    L1 L2 𝒌𝟑 𝑨
    L3
    𝑳𝟏 𝑳 𝑳
    𝑻𝒂 − 𝑻𝒅 = 𝑸 + 𝟐 + 𝟑
    𝒌𝟏 𝑨 𝒌𝟐 𝑨 𝒌𝟑 𝑨
    𝑻𝒂 −𝑻𝒅 𝑻𝒂 −𝑻𝒅 𝚫𝑻
    𝑸= 𝑳𝟏 𝑳 𝑳 = =σ 𝑵𝒐𝒕𝒆: 𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 𝑄3 = 𝑸
    + 𝟐+ 𝟑 𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐 +𝑹𝟑 𝑹
    𝒌𝟏 𝑨 𝒌𝟐 𝑨 𝒌𝟑 𝑨
    Example Problems:
    1. An 8-in plane wall has a thermal conductivity varying linearly as k = 0.02 + 0.0001T BTU.in/HR.
    sq. ft. deg F where T is in deg F. The surface temperature of 6 ft x 6 ft wall on the hotter side is
    2000 deg F. Calculate the surface temperature of the plane in the other side if the heat
    transmitted is 1000 BTU/HR. Ans. 429 deg F
    2. A 12 – in thick furnace wall with dimensions of 5 m by 2 m has a temperature difference
    across surfaces of 60 deg C. The wall has a thermal conductivity of 0.75 BTU/hr.ft.0F. Calculate
    the heat transmitted across the wall. Ans. 2554 W
    Example Problems:
    3. It is desired that no more than 1892 W/sq. m be conducted through a 30 cm thick wall whose
    average thermal conductivity is k = 0.865 W/m.K ; the conducted heat will be controlled by
    insulating one side. Find the least thickness of insulating material (k=0.346 W/m.K) that will
    assure this heat constraint if the surface temperature of composite wall are 1150 deg C and 40
    deg C. Ans. 8.3 cm
    Thank you!

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