ORGANIZATION OF DATA

When conducting a statistical research, investigation or study, the research must gather data for the variable
under investigation. To describe situations, make conclusions and draw inferences about events, the
researcher must organize the data gathered in some meaningful way. The easiest way and widely used of
organizing data is to construct a frequency distribution.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBITION
- The organization of data in a tabular form, using mutually exclusive classes showing the number of
observations in each.

A. Categorical Frequency Distribution/Ungrouped Data

- is used for data that can be placed in specific categories. For ex. data such as political affiliation, major
field of study, would use categorical frequency distribution.
Ex. 1. Distribution of Blood Type.
Twenty-five army inductees were given a blood type test to determine their blood type. The data set is,
A B B AB O
B O B AB B
O B O A O
A O O O AB
AB A O B A
Construct a frequency distribution for the data(ungrouped data)

Blood Type Tally Frequency Percentage

A IIIII 5 5/25 *100 = 20%
B IIIII-II 7 7/25 *100 = 28%
O IIIII-IIII 9 9/25 *100 = 36%
AB IIII 4 4/25 *100 = 16%
Total 25 25 100%

Ex. 2. Socio-Economic Status of the 200 Randomly Selected Household Heads in Batangas City

Socio-Economic Status Frequency Percentage

Very Rich 16 16/200 *100 = 8.0%
Rich 37 37/200 *100 = 18.5%
Average 65 65/200 *100 = 32.5%
Poor 50 50/200 *100 = 25.0%
Very poor 32 32/200 *100 = 16.0%
Total 200 100%

B. Grouped Frequency Distribution/Grouped Data

- when the range of data is large, the data must be grouped into classes that are more than one unit in
width.

Steps in Grouped Frequency Distribution

1. Arrange the data from lowest to highest and determine the range (R = HV – LV).
2. Determine the number of classes to be used(usually 8 to 16).
3. Determine the size of interval.
4. Construct a table with necessary information.

Ex. Ages of 37 professors in ABC University. Construct a grouped frequency distribution(Grouped Data) with
8 as number of classes.
28, 64, 38, 44, 39, 40, 36, 29, 36, 40, 54, 55, 81, 71, 70, 43, 27, 40, 38, 39, 44, 43, 38, 39, 29, 28,
27, 29, 43, 39, 38, 54, 63, 54, 71, 48, 51.

Solution:
Arrange the data from lowest to highest.
27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38, 38, 39, 39, 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 43, 43, 43, 44, 44, 48, 51, 54,
54, 54, 55, 63, 64, 70, 71, 71, 81

Find the Range Find the Interval

R = HV – LV 54 / 8 = 6.75
R = 81 – 27 Interval = 7
R = 54

Construct a Grouped Frequency Distribution

CLASSES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE MIDPOINT <Cf >Cf

27 – 33 7 7 / 37 * 100 = 18.92% (27+33)/2 = 30 7 37
34 – 40 13 35.14% 37 20 30
41 – 47 5 13.51% 44 25 17
48 – 54 5 13.51% 51 30 12
55 – 61 1 2.70% 58 31 7
62 – 68 2 5.41% 65 33 6
69 – 75 3 8.11% 72 36 4
76 - 82 1 2.70% 79 37 1
TOTAL 37 100%

Some Questions:
1. Which class got the highest frequency? Class number2
2. What is the percentage of class number 4? 13.51%
3. What is the class number with the midpoint 72? Class number 7
4. Midpoint of class number 8. 79
5. Frequency of class number 5. 1
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Activity
Below are the scores of 44 students in a 50-item math test.
37, 41, 50, 22, 29, 20, 18, 24, 29, 32, 28, 37, 18, 24, 29, 32, 50, 38, 31, 32, 44,
42, 38, 40, 37, 26, 19, 19, 22, 24, 29, 45, 40, 50, 38, 28, 29, 36, 19, 18, 50, 44,
38, 41.
Construct a grouped frequency distribution with 9 as the number of classes to answer
the following:
1. Range
2. Interval rounded-off to two decimal places.
3. Frequency of class number 6.
4. Frequency of class number 2.
5. Percentage of class number 7 rounded-off to two decimal places.
6. Percentage of class number 6 rounded-off to two decimal places.
7. Midpoint of class number 9 rounded-off to whole number.
8. Midpoint of class number 3 rounded-off to whole number.
9. <cf of class number 5.
10. <cf of class number 7.
11. >cf of class number 2.
12. >cf of class number 8.
13. Class number with 0 frequency.
14. Class number with 5 as the amount of frequency.
15. Interval rounded-off to whole number.
16. Highest score of the students.
17. Frequency of class number 3.
18. Percentage of class number 1 rounded-off to whole number.
19. Class number of >cf 24.
20. Class number of <cf 36.