PHASES

OF
CELL
CYCLE

MITOSIS
 PHASES
OF
CELL CYCLE

1 Interphase

2 M-phase
(mitosis)
•

Interphase
INTERPHASE

1 Cell prepares itself for cell division.

2 There is no cell division in this phases.
3 It takes 95% time of cell cycle.
4 Approx 23 hours required .
5 It consist of three phases
• G1-phase
• S-phase
• G2-phase
G1 -Phase
1. In this phase cell grows in size .
2. Cell organelles
duplicate except mitochondria ,chloroplast and
centriole .
3. Most variable period. It takes 8-12 hours.
4. Enzymes are required for
duplication of organelles and cell growth.
5. Translation and transcription takes place.
S-Phase
1. This is the synthesis phase.
2. Replication of DNA takes place.
3. Transcription and translation takes place.
4. The centriole duplicates in this phase.
5. Kinetochore -protein subunit is synthesis occurs.
6. It requires 6-8 hours.
G2-Phase
1. It is also called pre mitotic phase.
2. Chloroplast and Mitochondria duplication takes
place.
3. Alpha and beta tubulin protein synthesis here.
4. Transcription , translation and replication takes
place.
5. It requires 3 – 4 hours.
Go –phase
1. It is also called QUISCENT PHASE .
2. There is no growth and division in this phase.
3. But cell is metabolically active .
4. Cell may follow the regular sequence or
exit G1-phase and enter Go-phase.
5. Examples-nerve cells , heart cells etc.
CHECKPOINTS
M-phase
 MITOTIC-PHASE

KARYOKINESIS CYTOKINESIS
(nuclear division) (cell division)

1. PROPHASE
2. METAPHASE
3. ANAPHASE
4. TELOPHASE
Mitotic -Phase
Karyokinesis
Prophase
1. Nuclear membrane starts disappearing.
2. E.R , Golgi body ,Nucleolus disappear .
3. Chromatin starts to get condense to form chromosomes.
4. Chromosomes with two sister chromatin are formed .
5. Centriole starts moving towards opposite poles .
6. Now short microtubules arrange themselves on
centrioles and form asters(ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS).
7. The spindle fibers start to appear.
Metaphase
1. Nuclear membrane disappearance marks initiation of
metaphase.
2. Chromosomes are fully condensed and present in
cytoplasm.
3. Spindle fibers attach themselves to kinetochore present
on both sides of centromere of chromosome.
4. It is the best phase for the study of morphology of
chromosome.
5. The spindle fibers rearrange themselves and are
aligned at the equator of cell to form M-
plate(Imaginary plate).
METAPHASE
Anaphase

1. Shortest phase of karyokinesis.

2. Separation of sister chromatids occurs.
3. Noe spindle fibers from both poles start getting
shorter and pull sister chromatids towards opposite
poles.
4. The sister chromatids start moving
towards opposite poles with arms facing M-plate and
centromere facing poles.
5. At the end of anaphase chromatids reach the opposite
poles.
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
• The nuclear membrane reappear.
• The E.R ,Goli body and nucleolus reappear.
• Chromosome get decondense and lose their
individuality.
• Now two nucleus are formed on opposite
sides of cell.
 nucleus

Furrow formed in Centromere

Nuclear envelope
cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis in
animal cell
1. Furrow is formed
periphery to center.
2. A ring of actin filament
called contractile ring
is formed at center.
3. Centripetal division
occurs.
4. At the end two cells
are formed.
Cytokinesis in
plant cell
1. A plate emerges Cell plate

from center to
periphery.
2. Centrifugal division
occurs.
3. At the end two cells
are formed.
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The end