Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
In aqueous solutions (aq)
*solvent is water
*solute can be ionic compounds, aqueous acids,
bases, or molecular compounds
O -
a hydrogen bond
H +
Aqueous
H + Reactions
“Likes dissolve likes”
Aqueous
Reactions
Dissociation
• When an ionic
substance dissolves
in water, the solvent
pulls the individual
ions from the crystal
and solvates them.
• This process is
called dissociation.
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dissociation
• An electrolyte
is a substances
that dissociates
into ions when
dissolved in
water.
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Solutions
• A nonelectrolyte
may dissolve in
water, but it does
not dissociate into
ions when it does
so.
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Molarity
• Two solutions can contain the same
compounds but be quite different because the
proportions of those compounds are different.
• Molarity is one way to measure the
concentration of a solution:
moles of solute
Molarity (M) =
volume of solution in liters
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Calculating Molarity
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Preparing a Solution by Dilution
How many milliliters of 3.0M H2SO4 are needed
to make 450 mL of 0.10M H2SO4?
Chemistry, The Central Science, 12th Edition © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine J. Murphy; and Patrick Woodward
Dilution
The molarity of the new solution can be determined
from the equation
M1 V 1 = M2 V2,
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Titration
Titration is
an analytical
technique in
which one
can calculate
the
concentration
of a solute in
a solution.
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Titration
What is the concentration of an HCl solution if 10-mL
of the solution reacted with 15-mL of 2.0 M NaOH to
reach the end point?
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Aqueous
Reactions
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Using Mass Relations in a Neutralization Reaction