Ideal gas equation

Under any condition of temperature and pressure, moles of

gases may be calculated using IDEAL GAS EQUATION :

PV = nRT

Where, P = Pressure applied on the Gas

V = Volume occupied by the Gas
n = Number of moles of gas
R = Universal Gas Constant
T = Temperature of Gas on Kelvin scale
Ideal gas equation
Ideal gas equation
 Ideal gas equation
Note

1. S.T.P condition (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

(P= 1 bar = 105 N/m2, T= 273K)

1 mole of any gas occupies 22.7 litre at S.T.P. conditions

𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐚𝐬
So, n =
𝟐𝟐. 𝟕

2. Old S.T.P condition (NTP)

(P= 1 atm, T= 273K)

1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 litre at Old S.T.P. conditions

𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐚𝐬
So, n =
𝟐𝟐. 𝟒
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
EXAMPLE Calculate volume (in litre) of H2 gas kept at STP if it contains as many H
atoms as in 98 gm H3PO4. [Atomic mass of P = 31]

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Ans : 34.05
EXAMPLE Calculate the number of gm-molecules in the following :
(1) 11.2 L ideal gas at 0℃ and 1 atm
(2) 4.54 mL SO3 gas at STP

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Ans :
(1) 0.5
(2) 2 ×10–4
Density

Oil

Water
Water
Honey
Density

Density

Absolute Relative
Density Density
 Density

For liquids and solids

𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬
𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 =
𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞

𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞

Relative density/ Specific gravity =
(for liquids) 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐭 𝟒° 𝐂 (𝟏 𝐠𝐦𝐦𝐥−𝟏 )
 Density

For gases

𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐏𝐌

Absolute density = =
𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐑𝐓

Where
P = Pressure applied on Gas
M = Molecular Mass of Gas
R = Universal Gas constant
T = Absolute Temperature

Note

If density of a gas is calculated relative to the density of H2, it is called as

“Vapour Density”.
 Density
Vapour density

Vapour density is defined as the density of the gas with respect to

hydrogen gas at the same temperature and pressure.

𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐏𝐌𝐠𝐚𝐬 /𝐑𝐓

Vapour density = =
𝐃𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐇𝟐 𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐏𝐌𝐇𝟐 /𝐑𝐓

𝐌𝐠𝐚𝐬 𝐌𝐠𝐚𝐬
Vapour density = 𝐌𝐇𝟐
= 𝟐

M gas = 2×V.D.
EXAMPLE Find vapour density of SO3.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Ans : 40
EXAMPLE A gas is found to have formula NOx its vapour density is 92, find x.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Ans : 2
EXAMPLE A gaseous mixture of H2 and CO2 gas contains 88% by mass of CO2. What is
the vapour density of the mixture.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Ans : 6.25
 MOLE

Mass in Gram Number of

÷ 𝑵𝑨 entities

÷ 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 × 𝑵𝑨
Number
of moles

× 𝟐𝟐. 𝟕 𝒍 / 22.4 𝒍

Vol (L) of gas

at STP/ NTP
 Introduction

Stoichiometry
 Stoichiometry

Besan GHEE

2 : 1 : 1

Stoichiometry
 Stoichiometry

Besan GHEE

2kg : 1kg : 1kg 4kg

Stoichiometry

? Kg
4 ? Kg
2 2Kg ? Kg
8
 Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation of amounts of reactants and
products involved in a reaction.

Significance of stoichiometric coefficient

A stoichiometric coefficient of chemical equation tells us

about the ratio in which moles of reactants react and moles of
products form.

Note

We have to balance chemical reaction to apply stoichiometry.