Grade 10

IGCSE – Coordinated Sciences (Biology)

Mr. Cabiles
 Chapter B10 – Reproduction in Plants
◦ P. 124 – 135
 Chapter B11 – Reproduction in Humans
◦ P. 136 - 145

 Specific Textbook topics:

◦ P. 124 - 126
 B10.01: Asexual and sexual reproduction
 B10.03: Comparing sexual and asexual reproduction

 Summary and End-of-chapter Questions:

◦ Chapter B10: P. 133 – 135
◦ Chapter B11: P. 143 - 145
1. Define asexual reproduction as a process
resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent.

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages

of asexual reproduction to a population of a
species in the wild.

3. Identify examples of asexual reproduction

from information.
4. Define sexual reproduction as the process involving
the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells)
to form a zygote and the production of offspring that
are genetically different from each other

5. State the nuclei of gametes are haploid and that the

nucleus of a zygote is diploid

6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of

sexual reproduction to a population of a species in
the wild
Liger

- offspring of a male lion

and a female tiger
Tigon or Tiglon

- offspring of a male tiger and a female lion

 generation of new individuals

 a characteristic of living things

◦ Not necessary for an individual to survive
◦ Necessary for species to survive
 Individuals must replace themselves before they die
 Results in offspring that are genetically
identical to the original one parent
 Binary fission
◦ Whole organism splits into two identical offspring
◦ Ex. Commonly occurs in bacteria

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc
 Budding
◦ Small growth appears on parent and breaks off to
form a new identical organism
◦ Ex. Hydra

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=489CSop00sY
 Fragmentation
◦ New organism forms after breaking
off the parent
◦ Ex. starfish
  Spore formation
◦ produced from mitosis can survive and protect genetic
information after parent organism dies
◦ Spores can re-develop into multicellular copies of parent
in ideal environmental conditions
◦ Ex. Mold

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAcowliknPs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcuWuKLoCmU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S12zZhdOckc
 Results in offspring that have shared genetic
information from two parents
◦ male and female parents produce sex cells called
gametes
 Gametes fuse to become a zygote
 Produces wide variety of differences in characteristics
 Offspring are genetically different from each other
 Diploid (2N)
◦ Full amount of genetic information
◦ Found in all cells EXCEPT sex cells

 Haploid (N)
◦ Half the amount of genetic information
◦ Found ONLY in sex cells
◦ Created by meiosis
 Gametes
◦ Haploid (N) sex cells
 Female: egg cell
 Male: sperm cell

 Fertilization
◦ Fusion of both female
and male sex cells

 Zygote
◦ New diploid (2N) cell formed from fertilization
◦ Contains mixture of genetic information from both parents
 Hermaphroditic
◦ Self-fertilization (only 1 organism)
◦ Organisms that create both male and female sex
cells
◦ Example: flatworm; lily
 Separate sexes
◦ Male organisms and female organisms with their
own
sex cells (gametes)
 Asexual reproduction
1. Only 1 parent
2. All characteristics are
passed on to all
offspring
3. Produces genetically
identical offspring
4. Quick way to increase
numbers
5. When conditions are
favourable
 Sexual reproduction
1. 2 organisms are required
 one male and one female
2. Each individual produces
sex cells (gametes)
3. Fertilization is required
 Sex cells fuse together
4. Offspring receives some
genes from each parent
 Mix of characteristics
5. Offspring is different
from other offspring and
parents
Asexual

Sexual
 • fast • no variety in offspring

• don’t need to spend time to

find a mate
Asexual
• offspring is identical to
parent

• needs low amount of energy

• lots of variety in offspring • slow

• need a mate

Sexual • needs lots of energy