Memory.

Storing
Information

Exercise 1.
Read and memorize the words:
- cell
- to store
- binary
- bit
- register
- to avoid
- to access
- to reduce
- to retain
- random
- to erase
- to turn off

Exercise 2.1
Read and translate the text

A computers memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers

can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered “address” and can store a single
number. The information stored in memory may represent practically anything.
Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with
equal ease.
In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary
numbers in groups of eight bits(called a byte). A computer can store any kind of
information in memory as long as it can be somehow represented in numerical
form. Modern computers have billions or even trillions of bytes of memory.
The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be
read and written to mach more rapidly than the main memory area. There are
typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU.
Registers are used for the most frequently needed date items to avoid having to
access main memory every time data is needed. Since data is constantly being
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worked on, reducing the need to access main memory greatly increases the
computers speed.
Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random access
memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM. RAM can be read and written to
anytime the CPU commands it , but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that
never changes, so the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store
the computers initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM is
erased when the power to the computer is turned off while ROM retains its data
indefinitely.

Exercise 2.2
Answer the questions:
- What does memory consist of?

- What has each cell?

- What may the information stored in memory represent?

- How long can computer store any kind of information?

- What is called register?

- What are registers used for?

Exercise 3.1

Storing information

In contrast to memory, storage provides a place to store data and programs

before and after processing.

Disk have become the most widely used medium for the storage part of the
system. A disk is a circular platter on which a recording surface has been applied .
The most common type of disk is magnetic. It is coated with the same material
found on audiotape, and it can be erased and used over and over. Another type, the
optical disk, uses laser beams of light instead of the magnetic method to record and
retrieve information. There are two types of magnetic disk and hard disk. Floppy
disk are made from thin sheets of flexible plastic: hard disk are made from rigid
platters of metallic or ceramic material. The device that plays the disk is called a
disk drive. \it contains the mechanical equipment needed to spin or rotate the disk

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and the read write head needed to record and retrieve information to and from the
disk.

Hard disk drives are large-capacity storage devices. They operate by the
same principles as floppy disk drives, but at much faster speeds. Their capacities
are measured in megabytes. The hard disk is used for storing large quantities of
information and provides fast access to that information. The floppy disk drive is
convenient for making backup copies of the data on the hard disk, making copies
of files that can be mailed to friends or co-workers, and of course, for putting new
programs and information into the computer.

Exercise 3.2
Answer the questions:

a.) What is storage? Give the definition in your own words.

b.) What is the most widely used medium for storage?

c.) What types of disk can you list?

d.) What type are floppy and hard disk? What is the difference between
them?

e.) What devices are needed to record and retrieve information to and from
the disk?

Exercise 3.3
Retell The text

Exercise 3.4
Translate into English

a.) Блок електроживлення перетворює змінний струм стандартної

мережі на постійний струм низької напруги.

b.) На системному блоці розміщено всі основні вузли комп’ютера.

c.) Тверді диски – це запам’ятовувальні пристрої великої ємності.

d.) Дисковод містить механічне обладнання, необхідне для обертання

диску, та головку читання/запису.

e.) Ємність пам’яті вимірюється в байтах.

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