LIPA CITY COLLEGES

THE PSYCHOSOCIAL AFFECT AND COPING STRATEGIES OF

COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN SABANG, LIPA CITY
(A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY)

A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Nursing
Lipa City Colleges
Lipa City, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree, Bachelor of Science in Nursing

By:

ABRENICA, Kristine B.
BATALLA, William Harry K.
DAVID, Kyla Nicole M.
DIMAANDAL, Zyrex P.
LAJARA, Kathlene P.
MATERIAL, Vincent M.
ORENSE, Jhon Lloyd O.
QUINTO, Micaella B.

December 2021

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “PSYCHOSOCIAL AFFECT AND COPING

STRATEGIES OF COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN SABANG, LIPA CITY (A

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY)” prepared and submitted by

KRISTINE B. ABRENICA, WILLIAM HARRY K. BATALLA, KYLA NICOLE M.

DAVID, ZYREX P. DIMAANDAL, KATHLENE P. LAJARA, VINCENT M.

MATERIAL, JHON LLOYD O. ORENSE and MICAELLA B. QUINTO in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing

had been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL

EXAMINATION.

MARIA TERESA I. BANDELARIA, RN, MAN, MHoA

Adviser

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
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PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of

Passed.

DINA CATALINA C. DAYON, Ed, D.

Chairman

LINDA E. PLATERO, Ed, D. CARMELITA C. BANDELARIA, Ed, D.

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of this requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

Comprehensive Examination Passed on_______________________.

DINA CATALINA C. DAYON, Ed, D.

Dean Graduate School

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………
Literature Review…………………………………………………………………….
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………..
Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………………..
Hypotheses…………………………………………………………………………..
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………………

METHODS……………………………………………………………………………
Research Design…………………………………………………………………..
Participants…………………………………………………………………………
Research Instrument………………………………………………………………
Procedure………………………………………………………………………….
Ethical Considerations…………………………………………………………….
Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………….

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS……………………………………………………

Rationale…………………………………………………………………………….
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
INTRODUCTION

Human civilization is most likely at a critical juncture in this millennium,

with the emergence of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

(SARS-Cov-2) rapidly encroaching on newer territories all over the world (Jones,

2020). In December 2019, a new coronavirus outbreak was discovered in

Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. In the case of COVID-19, the ecosystem change

that has favored its broad-scale emergence as a dangerous human pathogen

has relied on bats as critical mediators. Human transmission is primarily through

direct, indirect, or close contact with infected people through infected secretions

such as respiratory secretions, saliva, or respiratory droplets expelled when an

infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. It has now been confirmed on six

continents and in over 100 countries as of this writing and declared a global

pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a wide range of negative

psychological consequences around the world. Individuals have faced a variety

of adversities as a result of the virus, including those related to the virus itself

(such as illness, concerns for friends and family, and bereavement), financial

adversities (such as loss of work or income, and inability to pay bills), and

difficulties meeting basic needs (such as accessing sufficient food, medicine, and

safe accommodation). According to Pierce et al. (2021), the COVID-19 pandemic

resulted in significant increases in mental illness and loneliness in recent

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

research. While some of these reports are similar to those from previous

pandemics, COVID-19 is causing more significant concern due to the global

scale, heavy lockdown measures implemented, and the long time scale

predicted. In addition, people may not be fully aware of the relationship between

their mental and emotional well-being and the environment. The psychosocial

approach examines individuals in the context of the combined influence that

psychological factors and their social environment have on their physical and

mental well-being and ability to function. This method is used by a variety of

helping professions in health and social care settings and by medical and social

science researchers. Everyone experiences stress at some point in their lives.

When we are confronted with perceived threats in certain situations, our body

undergoes physiological changes. These situations are referred to as stressors.

When our stress response is activated, our body undergoes a series of changes.

These changes can include an increased pulse, adrenaline release, blood

redirection toward major organs, and the release of cortisol and other hormones.

This response was helpful to our forefathers, especially when fighting off

attackers or fleeing threats. Today, the stress response can be harmful if it

becomes chronic when the stress response is not interrupted by the body's

relaxation response. It is where having a coping strategy comes in handy. A

coping strategy is a deliberate effort to solve a personal or interpersonal problem

to overcome, minimize, or tolerate stress or conflict. We require methods for

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

calming our minds and bodies after a stressful event has taken its toll. Emotion-

focused coping and solution-focused coping are the two main types of coping

strategies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on people's personal and

collective lives all around the globe. The pandemic's uncertainty has also

resulted in many mental health issues, which can be aggravated by preventative

measures like social isolation and self-quarantine and societal effects like

economic recession and job loss. Despite being referred to as a "mental health

tsunami," the psychological ramifications of the COVID-19 disaster have yet to be

thoroughly investigated. As a result, public health stakeholders are now

constrained in their ability to discover solutions to provide timely and

personalized assistance in these situations. More so, quarantine or social

isolation, in particular, causes significant disruption to people's employment and

lifestyles and may hence have severe consequences for their health and well-

being. In addition, these required procedures cause widespread stress and

psychological issues in the general community, resulting in uncertainty, fear of

infection, illness in themselves and their loved ones, and financial loss.

Separation from loved ones, loss of freedom, losing direct social contact,

employment, recreation, privileges, boredom, and uncertainty over the disease's

status, on occasion, create dramatic effects that are among the significant

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

stressors that will undoubtedly contribute to widespread emotional distress

(Dagnino et al. 2020).

According to Wang et al. (2021), emerging psychiatric conditions and

mental well-being were the tenth most frequent research topic during the COVID-

19 pandemic. A recent systematic review found that relatively high rates of

symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and stress have

been reported in the general population and by health care professionals during

the COVID-19 pandemic globally. They also associated increased suicide rates

with the sudden change in economic security during the pandemic.

Subsequently, this unexpected, rapidly spreading infectious disease has sparked

worldwide concern, fear, and anguish, all of which, according to the World Health

Organization, are legitimate psychological reactions to the constantly shifting

situation. People's adverse psychosomatic outcomes are projected to rise

dramatically due to the pandemic, as well as the constant flow of readily available

information and reinforced messaging obtained through virtually all forms of

online social networking services. As a result, the quickly spreading mass

hysteria and panic about COVID-19 could lead to long-term psychological

disorders in the general public across all socioeconomic categories, which could

be even more dangerous.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

However, the mental strain on the victims should be appropriately

gauged to identify the severity of the effects of the pandemic on their victims.

Patients' stress and psychological impact were also linked to some adverse

psychological outcomes, including exhaustion, the anxiety of social contact, poor

sleep, loneliness, and depression.

Moreover, the psychological effects of COVID-19 can develop over time

and remain long after leaving the hospital or isolation facility. Furthermore,

according to practice and psychosocial analysis, the world is in a state of anguish

for a variety of reasons that harm physical and psychological health, including the

following:The constant repetition of news in the local, national, and global media

and social networks across diverse digital platforms has created stages of

misinformation and greater fear in the population at a worldwide level. With the

specific circumstance, confinement has been the central axis to unleash the

difficulties in mental health and all the psychosocial schemes that surround an

individual's daily life, leading them to schematize new lifestyles. The psychosocial

factors, are present from the individuality of the human being, being vulnerable in

the familiar, labor and social scopes; to surpass the capacities of the people

producing exhaustion, depression or labor stress, represents significant

psychosocial risks that affect the health (Apaza et al., 2020).

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

Another essential point is that the individual's general mental health well-

being could be harmed by infection or the death of family and friends. Patients

with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 may feel afraid, whereas those in the

quarantine may feel bored, lonely, or angry. Deep emotional trauma and

socioeconomic strains caused by the pandemic and lockdowns have led to

suicide among the most susceptible people. The stress, mental distress,

internalized stigma, feelings of guilt for infecting close family members, shame for

infecting others, anger directed at oneself, cursing one's fate, and wondering why

God has punished their family, and themselves compound the distress of

remaining socially isolated from the family in a "locked up" state. These

difficulties show that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and admitted to

COVID wards suffer from mental health issues. As cited by Scarpina et al.

(2021), hospitalized patients have been isolated for long periods, with

significantly restricted social interactions during the pandemic. In the intensive

and post-intensive care units, patients are obliged to remain in their rooms.

Social interaction between patients, groups, family, and caregivers and group

therapy are prohibited—patients who suffer emotions of loneliness and self-

isolation explain their psychological experience with COVID-19 during

hospitalization. As cited by Scarpina et al. (2021), hospitalized patients have

been isolated for long periods, with significantly restricted social interactions

during the pandemic. In the intensive and post-intensive care units, patients are

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

obliged to remain in their rooms. Social interaction between patients, groups,

family, and caregivers and group therapy are prohibited—patients who suffer

emotions of loneliness and self-isolation explain their psychological experience

with COVID-19 during hospitalization.

The mental health and psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19

pandemic may be more severe among people with chronic illnesses. Girma et al.

(2021) noted that older people and those with underlying medical conditions,

including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and

cancer, on the other hand, are more prone to acquiring severe sickness that

could lead to death. The COVID-19 outbreak put people at a higher risk of severe

illness and stress. Chronic stress is linked to a failure to adhere to medication

regimens, resulting in disease exacerbation and the development of concomitant

major health problems such as hypertension, heart attack and stroke, diabetes

mellitus, and obesity.

In reports detailing an ongoing crisis, mental health has been identified

as adversely impacted among the general population. Grief, loss, an unstable

economy, concern about the future, stigmatization, and disruption of social

support systems were all cited as reasons for this occurrence. Given the

emotional discomfort induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, psychopathological

symptoms have been discovered in people from every impacted country and

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

culture. Anxiety, worry, despair, rage, remorse, grief, loss, and post-traumatic

stress disorder are the most widely documented psychological responses to the

COVID-19 outbreak's consequences. Despite this, the reasons for these

psychological difficulties may differ depending on the extent of restrictions

experienced.

This study aims to evaluate the psychosocial affect and coping strategies

of COVID-19 survivors in Sabang, Lipa City. 

The objectives of the study are to survey the general public to better

understand the psychosocial effects and future concerns, identify relationships

between vulnerability factors (age, gender, and occupation), perceive

psychosocial impact, and coping strategies; describe the coping strategies of

survey participants who had contracted the virus, and evaluate the interview that

will be conducted. 

The proponents will invite male and female COVID-19 survivors residing

in Lipa City, ages 21–60 years old, to participate in the study. The researcher

designed an interview schedule and a questionnaire as the methods of data

collection instruments for this study. It applies to both qualitative and quantitative

studies. This study would benefit the community in understanding the situation at

hand and avoid discrimination and prejudice that the survivors may experience.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

Literature Review 

According to WHO (2020), on December 8, 2019, a severe acute

respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei

Province, China, was originally identified as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), with

several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. China's national authorities

reported 44 case-patients with pneumonia of unclear cause to WHO between

December 31, 2019 and January 3, 2020. The causative agent was not

discovered throughout this time period.

Since then, the disease has spread outside the Chinese border to other

countries and regions. In March 2020, COVID-19 was officially declared as a

global pandemic which confirmed the danger of the disease to human health and

well-being. (WHO, 2020).

As stated by Ravelo, J., (2020), following the detection of COVID-19 in

the Chinese city of Wuhan, the Philippines was one of the first countries to

implement a lockdown after the government reported the world's first COVID-19

death.

As individuals try to cope with this huge threat to their well-being, the

COVID-19 pandemic continues to represent an unprecedented challenge for the

world. The emergence of the infectious new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in

2019 has had an influence on practically everyone's physical and psychological

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
well being. COVID-19 has already resulted in severe degradation of mental well-

being, as indicated by higher levels of worry, dread, and depression among the

general public, according to prompt study efforts. (WHO, 2020).

According to World Health Organization 2020, the 2019 coronavirus

infection (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization

on March 11, 2020. It could be comparable to the 1918 influenza pandemic,

which killed 50 million people and afflicted one-third of the global population.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that produces COVID-19 disease, has infected 213

countries and territories around the world, causing 14 million infections and half a

million deaths.

Previous illness outbreaks elicited widespread dread and anxiety in the

populace, as well as fear-related actions and worry (Shultz et al., 2016; Person et

al., 2004). With the novel coronavirus sweeping the globe, there are a slew of

unknowns surrounding the sickness, which has the potential to be devastating.

Distress, anxiety, sadness, and insomnia have all been documented in general

populations (Wang et al., 2020a; Wang et al., 2020b; Rajkumar, 2020b).

According to PMC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of

Health (2020), the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) of 2019 has had a

worldwide psychosocial impact, resulting in public hysteria, economic stress, and

financial losses. The widespread dread of COVID-19, dubbed "coronaphobia,"

has resulted in a variety of psychological manifestations in people from many

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
walks of life. Psychological crisis prevention and intervention models should be

developed promptly by the government to better cope with these psychosocial

concerns that affect people from all walks of life. Other stakeholders include the

government, health-care workers, and others. Appropriate use of internet

services, technology, and social media is required to combat both pandemics

and infodemics.

The study conducted by Saha et. al (2020) entitled, Psychosocial Effects

of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused damage on

people's personal and collective life all around the globe. Global public health

disasters have far-reaching implications that affect individuals and societies on a

variety of levels. The pandemic's uncertainty has also resulted in a slew of

mental health issues, which can be aggravated by preventative measures like

social isolation and self-quarantining, as well as societal effects like economic

downturn. Similar feelings of anxiety, stress, and uncertainty have been

described during previous international outbreaks and pandemics. The ongoing

SARS-COV-2 epidemic has culminated in a pandemic of illness (COVID-19) that

has caused 16 million illnesses and 700,000 fatalities worldwide as of the end of

July 2020. The COVID-19 crisis has been linked to rapid increases in

psychological distress across many nations, with women, the young, the less

educated, and some ethnic minority groups reporting greater mental health

strain. People are worried about infection's immediate implications, such as

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
death, long-term disability, or increasing chronic diseases. Anxiety, sadness,

tension, and suicidal ideation, as well as expressions requesting emotional and

informational support, are sources of life disruptions and emotional discomfort,

with psychosocial consequences such as social isolation, quarantines, and

business closures with associated job losses.

In accordance with the journal, Traumatic Skepticism of COVID-19 by

Sharma Nidhi, Frustration at the lack of a vaccine or cure led to enormous

rebellions and eventually depression in various parts of the world. Children of all

ages are, without a doubt, the most vulnerable to the pandemic and its attendant

uncertainty. According to a recent report from the United Nations Children's

Emergency Fund titled Lives Upended. United Nations [UNICEF], 2020, P. 13,

2,400 extra children in South Asia could die as an indirect consequence of the

COVID-19 epidemic.

Furthermore, according to a study conducted by Hawryluck et al. (2020)

"Quarantine can result in significant psychological stress, such as post-traumatic

stress disorder and depressive symptoms. As a result of such a drastic change in

their everyday lifestyle, over 30% of children or their parents who are confined or

isolated at home suffer from acute stress disorder, depression, and adjustment

problems." (Jeffreys, 2020). "As a result of such a drastic change in their

everyday lifestyle, 86 frustrated homes experienced a surge in child

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

maltreatment, sexual abuse, increased screen time for children of all ages, lack

of educational concentration, dread of an uncertain future, and severe sadness. 

The emphasis has switched to observable symptoms, and there is no

education, training, or information available on how to cope with disorders like

depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, or mood instability. Since the focus

has shifted primarily to economic and educational issues, no one appears to be

considering future generations' long-term psychological imbalance, which will

continue to be a major red flag. (SAMHSA, 2021).

According to the JIDHEALTH article entitled,  The sequel to COVID-19:

the antithesis to life, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone, unleashing

a cascade of directly or indirectly related events that trigger mental health

problems. The human species is inherently vagrant-hunter-gatherer, and physical

social distancing and statewide confinement have restricted an individual to

physical isolation. This review article is designed to address psychosocial and

other issues and their etiology related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The

older age group has suffered the most from the wrath of SARSCoV2, and social

isolation as a preventive measure can cause more psychological problems.

Studies in animal models have shown an inappropriately interacting endogenous

dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and opioid neurotransmitter medium that is

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

induced by social isolation and could likely lead to observable deviant

psychosocial behavior.

Conflicting and manipulated information related to COVID-19 on social

media has also been identified as a global threat. Mental stress among frontline

health workers, migrant workers, children and adolescents is also a serious

problem during the current pandemic. Mental health problems in the current

situation could also be caused by quarantine, insecurity in business, jobs,

businesses, disabled academic activities, increased screen time on social media

and cases of domestic violence. 

The severity of mental health problems related to the COVID-19

pandemic must be recognized as soon as possible. A mental health organization

must be created to address current and future pandemics, and government

policies must be developed to address psychological problems for the prevention

and management of mental health.

In the Philippines, a national initiative was taken, and lockdown

measures with varying degrees of community quarantine were imposed in order

to slow the spread of the virus, flatten the curve, and potentially reduce the

growing rate of positive cases (Official Gazette, 2020).

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
According to a research issued in June 2020, by mental health firm

MindNation, 53% of Filipino employees faced mental health issues as a result of

the global health crisis. Fears of contracting the coronavirus, financial

constraints, personal troubles, professional pressure, and juggling work and

family obligations are among them. "Now that the lines between personal life and

work are blurring with people working from home," the survey states, "workers

are working more than they did before the pandemic when they were onsite with

colleagues." It went on to say that nearly half of employees believe they are

overworked.

As stated by Mr. Banaag (2021),  People should take care of their

physical well-being, which is the cornerstone of excellent mental health, to cope

with the pandemic. Aside from getting at least six hours of sleep and consuming

nutritious foods, establishing new habits — which were disrupted during the

lockdown — will help them cope with stress. It helps us foresee that this is what

we will do at a specific moment, which restores some regularity and control in our

life.

According to Helena (2021), the pandemic has been significantly more

difficult for those who are less fortunate. When the lockdown began, malls were

closed, affecting people who ran micro-businesses the most. Another issue for

those who had to commute to work was that as the number of people using

public transportation decreased, fares were raised.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
After school was canceled, they were forced to stay at home. Although

having the respondent's spouse and family there was extremely beneficial,

maintaining a sense of separation was difficult.

In his attempt to create a Filipino Coping Strategies Scale, Rilveria

(2018) identified nine coping strategies that are unique to Filipinos. Cognitive

reappraisal, social support, problem-solving, religiosity, tolerance, emotional

release, overactivity, relaxation/recreation, and substance use are examples of

these.

Working adults' top coping mechanism, according to the findings, was

doing household chores (77.4 percent ). This was followed by increased prayer

(69.2 percent), spending time with family (68.4 percent), increased social media

usage or Internet surfing (57.1 percent), and gardening (57.1 percent) (54.1

percent ). This suggests that home quarantine or working from home allowed

families to spend more time bonding and reconnecting with one another. (Serino

et. al., 2021).

People stay at home for their own safety and to avoid the spread and

infection of COVID-19 in public places. In this time of pandemic, adequate

knowledge and a positive attitude toward responding to the COVID-19 were

observed (Galicia, 2020). However, prolonged confinement at home has a

psychological impact on people in all socioeconomic aspects (Brooks et al.,

2020).

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
According to the most recent studies, the global pandemic had a

significant impact on everyone's psychological well-being. Cornelio Banaag Jr.,

M.D. Even before the pandemic, an alarming global increase in mental health

disorders was detected, according to Professor Emeritus, Child and Adolescent

Psychiatry, University of the Philippines- Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH).

He claims that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 10 to 20% of

children and teenagers suffer from mental problems, the most of which begin

around the age of 14 and go unnoticed until it's too late. Suicide risk is highest

between the ages of 15 and 24. (Visco, 2021).

According to a study released in August 2021 by the Philippine One

Health University Network and the Southeast Asian One Health University

Network, the pandemic's impact on Filipino students' mental health in terms of

stress, depression, anxiety, and the impact of the event itself showed that

National Capital Region students experienced high levels of stress with 19

percent, 22 percent admitted to feeling depressive symptoms, 36 percent

admitted to anxiety, and 12% admitted to experiencing the event itself.

The onset of a new epidemic for which people had been bracing

themselves. There has been no past experience in dealing with a situation that

has caused fear, impact the population, especially among the elderly because

they are thought to be at a higher risk disease. As a result, they've become

housebound, only stepping out when absolutely necessary. It's not the case.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
It's simple to cope with long periods of seclusion, and Seniors may

experience loneliness as a result of their forced seclusion.depressed symptoms,

loneliness, pessimism, cognitive decline, and sleep disturbances the patterns

(Avasthi and Grover, 2018). These are the stress, anxiety, loneliness, and

agitation in a way that is consistent with the known psychological reactions of

stress, anxiety, loneliness, and agitation in a way that is consistent with the

known psychological reactions of stress the epidemic (Meng et al., 2020).

Mental health issues have emerged in the workforce in the Philippines,

ranging from frontline workers and business owners to pretty much anyone

whose job involves high levels of stress. Pediatricians have cited educators'

mental health as a compelling reason for gradually reopening in-person classes,

beginning with low-risk areas. (2021, Lacsamana).

According to Dr. Cinderella (2021), program manager of the Clinical and

Intervention Services Department at the Philippine Mental Health Association

(PMHA), who spoke about students' mental health on Radyo Veritas in July, the

emergence of the Delta variant of COVID-19 has not only thwarted such plans,

but has also disrupted natural cycles of mentally adapting or recovering.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
As stated by Baloran (2020), The COVID-19 pandemic caused major

worry among students, particularly in towns in the southern Philippines. Despite

the fact that students' concern about achieving the grades had increased, there is

still enough evidence that students among those infected with COVID-19 are at

risk. In the southern Philippines, two local institutions implement strategies to

deal with apprehension in the face of a global health security threat.

As reported by Bansingan (2021), while the Philippines does its best to

cope with a catastrophic surge in COVID-19 cases, it should also be wary of the

astronomical rise in cases of frustration, stress and a loss of hope. With some of

the world's longest lockdowns, the Philippines’ rates of suicide deaths have

already grown by 57 per cent in 2020 compared to a year before. Across the

Philippines, self-harm cases went up, with 4,420 deaths recorded in 2020,

according to the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA).

The occurrence of natural disasters during the partial lockdowns from

pandemic brought stress among students in adopting distance education,

completing academic requirements, and accessing technology for online

learning. Participants also expressed their anxieties on the spread of the virus in

the community particularly in the disaster evacuation centers with less strictly

observed social distancing, insufficient hygiene and sanitation facilities, and lack

of basic needs.

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 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
Participants described their coping strategies which include helping one

another; following the government protocols; finding additional sources of

income; using energy for important purposes only; and leaning on faith.

Participants further shared insights with regard to the proper actions that citizens

and government officials must do when double disaster hit the community.

(Cueto & Agaton, 2021).

Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored on Rogers’ Protection Motivation Theory (1975).

According to Rogers, the use of protection motivation coordinates with behavior

when confronted with a threat–it motivates, sustains, and drives acts directed at

defending oneself from harm. Threat and coping evaluation are important

elements to consider while responding to a threat. Adaptive and maladaptive

reactions to health threats are distinguished by the PMT. These reactions are a

function of how the threat is assessed and the perceived ability to deal with it.

The two assessments establish whether the person is acting in an adaptive or

maladaptive manner. Threat assessment is based on perceived vulnerability.

Coping evaluation is examining actions that may help people cope with a health

threat–the focus is on perceived response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response

costs.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
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 LIPA CITY COLLEGES

Individuals engage in adaptive actions when they rate the level of threat,

their sensitivity to the threat, the effectiveness of the behaviors, and their own

ability to engage in them as high, and the costs of engaging in such behaviors as

low. 

In addition, the study also utilized the theory of Terror Management by

Jeff Greenberg, Tom Pyszczynski, and Sheldon Solomon (1986), wherein it

states that awareness of death plays in diverse aspects of life. Death anxiety

causes people to create worldviews that safeguard their self-esteem, worthiness,

and long-term viability while also allowing them to believe that they have a vital

role to perform in the world. People must overcome their underlying anxiety of

living a meaningless life that will be obliterated by death. The researchers

address the theory's implications for understanding how individuals have reacted

to the COVID-19 outbreak. They claim that whether one consciously believes the

virus is a severe threat to one's life or simply a small annoyance, fear of death

has a significant influence in shaping one's attitudes and behavior toward the

virus. The researchers use this approach to explore the psychosocial affect of

COVID-19 survivors, how they have responded to this COVID threat, and the role

of ineffective terror management in psychosocial distress and disorder that may

arise as a result of the virus.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
Conceptual Framework (need pa baguhin)

This portion of the research will give the readers an overview of the

concepts of study undertaken by the researchers.

Objectives

This study was conceptualized and titled “Psychosocial Affect and Coping

Strategies of COVID-19 Survivors in Sabang, Lipa City (A Qualitative and

Quantitative Study)”. The intervening variables that will be considered in this

study were the demographic profile of the respondents which included age,

gender, occupation, lifestyle, economic and financial status.

With these above cited propositions this study is guided and sought to

answer the following problems and sub-problems:

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 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age

b. Gender 

c. Occupation

d. Lifestyle

e. Economic and financial status.

2. What are the different coping strategies of COVID-19 survivors in terms

of: 

2.1  Task-oriented Coping 

2.1a.  Active Coping

2.1b.  Planning

2.1c.  Suppression of Competing Activities

2.1d.  Restraint Coping

2.1e.  Seeking of Instrumental Social Support

2.2  Emotion-oriented Coping 

2.2a.  Seeking of Emotional Social Support

2.2b.  Positive Reinterpretation

2.2c.  Acceptance

2.2d. Turning to Religion

2.2e. Focus on and Venting of Emotions

2.2f. Denial

Lipa City Colleges

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 LIPA
2.2g. Behavioral CITY COLLEGES
Disengagement

2.2h. Mental Disengagement

2.3  Avoidance-oriented Coping

2.3a. Denial

2.3b. Behavioral Disengagement

2.3c. Mental Disengagement

3. What are the different psychosocial affect experienced by the COVID-19

survivors in terms of: (Babaguhin ito)

3.1a. Social support

3.1b. Work environment

3.1c. Social Status

4. Is there a significant difference between the responses of the respondents

according to their demographic profile?

5. Is there a significant relationship between Psychosocial affect and coping

strategies of the COVID-19 survivors?

6. Based on the result of the study, what program, training or counselling will

be of help to the COVID-19 survivors in Sabang, Lipa City? 

Hypotheses

This study aims to conclude and prove or disprove the following:

1. There is no significant difference between the responses of the partici-

pants according to their demographic profile.

Lipa City Colleges

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 LIPAdifference
2. There is no significant CITY COLLEGES
between the psychosocial affect and

coping strategies to the survivability of COVID-19 positives.

3. There is no significant relationship between Psychosocial affect and cop-

ing strategies of the COVID-19 survivors.

Significance of the Study

This study hopes to establish an understanding of the psychosocial affect

and coping strategies of COVID-19 survivors in Sabang, Lipa City. Furthermore,

the study will have importance for the following:

1. For the COVID-19 Survivors. The findings of this study will make the COVID-

19 survivors aware of the level of Psychosocial Affect and Coping Strategies.

They may realize as well the particular aspect that will help them for their

betterment. Also through this study , challenges encountered by COVID-19

survivors will be exposed by means that appropriate action will be done to help

them to cope up with the challenges that they experienced.

2. For the Family of COVID-19 survivors. This study helps the family on how they

handle the situation with regards to their relatives that suffered from COVID-19.

This also helps the family to identify the support that the COVID-19 survivors

need and to stand with them all throughout. It would also serve as a wake up call

on the consequences that may befall if they do not practice the different safety

precautions.
Lipa City Colleges
G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
3. For the Community. This will help the community to understand the

Psychosocial Affect and Coping Strategies of COVID-19 survivors. This is for

them to be aware of their situation and to avoid discrimination and judgment that

the survivors may experience.

4. For the Students. This study will give knowledge and understanding to the

students regarding the COVID-19 survivors journey with how they cope up with

the situation. This would also serve as supplementary knowledge for the students

on how they could comprehend pandemics on an educational standard.

5. For the Future Researchers. This study may be beneficial for those who are

interested to conduct another study in line with the topic to further this research.

This could also be used as data in further resolving problems which relate to a

pandemic.

6. For the Medical Health Services. This research is very beneficial to the

medical health services for them to help the COVID-19 survivors and support

them all throughout.  With this research they will be aware of the challenges that

the COVID-19 survivors experience. They could be with them to deal with it. 

Also this would be a big help for the improvement of the services that they are

going to render to help the covid 19 survivors in coping with this situation.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 7. For the Teachers. ThisLIPA CITY
research COLLEGES
will benefit the teachers to provide learning to

the students on how the COVID-19 survivors affect their Psychosocial and how

they cope up. They could help the students to be aware and be responsible

individuals. This may also be an additional knowledge on how to help or handle

COVID-19 survivors properly.

8. For the Sabang Residents. This study will be beneficial for the residents of

sabang because they will be able to be aware of the Psychosocial affect of covid

19 to the survivors and how they cope up with the situation. This research will

help them in determining how to address the situation based on the experiences

of survivors. Also they will be more knowledgeable about the covid 19 survivors

journey.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
METHODS AND MATERIALS

This part of the research tells how the study was conducted. It includes

the research design, participants of the study, research instrument, data

gathering procedure and data analysis.

Research Design (Walang nakalagay na specific na Research design ex:

descriptive method)

This study is designed to assess the Psychosocial Affect and Coping

Strategies of COVID-19 Survivors in Sabang, Lipa City. This study uses a

quantitative research design to determine different coping strategies used for

their recovery using a survey instrument and interview, and both types of data

are integrated and analyzed.

According to Bhandari (2020), the process of collecting and interpreting

numerical data is known as quantitative research. It can be used to look for

patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal linkages, and extrapolate

results to larger groups.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 Participants LIPA CITY COLLEGES
The target population of this research is 30 who are COVID-19 survivors

in Sabang, Lipa City aged 21-60 years old because it has the most survivors and

is easily accessible to the researchers. To determine the usability of the data,

simple random sampling was used. A simple random sampling is a subset of a

statistical population in which a member of the subset has an equal probability of

being chosen. The researchers chose residents from Barangay Sabang, Lipa

City at random. This method will provide researchers and research beneficiaries

with an honest and unbiased answer.

Research Instrument (Basahin mo ito parang pauli-ulit ang thought, kahit pa-

revise na lang)

The researchers used surveys and interviews in the study to know the

psychosocial effects of COVID-19 on survivors. Multiple sources for data

collection will allow the researchers to use different data sources to validate and

crosscheck findings. The researchers obtain approval prior to administering their

questionnaire to the respondents. The first part of the questionnaire is the

respondents' demographic profile, and the second part is the survey and

interview questions. In conducting the survey, researchers used an online

platform using Google docs. In conducting the interview, researchers used online

interviews via zoom to gather information.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
The researchers used a survey instrument consisting of a series of questions

designed to elicit information from respondents. Questionnaires can be viewed

as a type of written interview. They can be carried out in person, over the phone,

on a computer, or by mail. It is a low-cost, quick, and efficient way to collect large

amounts of information from a large sample of people. In addition, it is more cost-

effective and time-efficient to measure a relatively large number of subjects'

behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and intentions than other methods.

The researchers also conducted a structured or semi-structured interview that

involves prepared sheets that allow the interviewee to select from pre-existing

responses, resulting in a set of easy-to-analyze responses. The interviewer may

consider including a summary column at the end or to the side of the sheet to fill

in additional information. Most interviews are a mix of structured and

unstructured questions, allowing for flexibility. When participants cannot be

observed directly, interviews provide helpful information. The interviewer has

more control over the information they receive. They are free to choose their

questions. If questions are phrased correctly, they will elicit unbiased and truthful

responses.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 Procedure LIPA CITY COLLEGES
Once the topic and the statement of the problem is already final and

approved by the topic evaluation committee, the questionnaire will be formulated

through the use of information gathered from reading materials and personal

observation. The researcher will also gather additional information for this

research by searching google on books, journals and e-books.

In addition, the researcher will make necessary coordination from the

adviser prior to the distribution of the questionnaire and interview question. The

respondents will be selected properly based on the qualification. The validity and

reliability of the questionnaires will be considered through the help of respective

individuals.

The participants of the study will have verbal and written consent before

participating in the study. The interview and the survey were scheduled at the

convenience of the time and place of the participants of the study.  The interview

lasts for 1 hour and the survey last for 30 minutes. Then these questionnaires

and interviews will be retrieved and transcribed.

Ethical Consideration

Before this paper’s initiation, the researchers are aware of minimum ways

on how to get through with the research participants. Restriction measures are

emphasized to each and every researcher involved to ensure safety and to

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPAand
research participants’ privacy CITY COLLEGES
dignity as the latter’s issues require utmost

confidentiality. Given the fact that ethical issues must be complied when doing

research, the participants’ consent was given to the extent of answering the

research study’s survey questionnaire and virtual interviews. Participants are

aware of the research purpose and methods as it was explained to them. There

are ethical considerations and principles that are must to researchers, these are:

not to subject the research participants in any kind of harm, research participant’s

dignity are our utmost priority, acquisition of participant’s full consent, protection

of participant’s privacy, assurance of confidentiality of data and the

namelessness of immovable estate professionals and organizations taking part in

the study must be maintained.

Data Analysis

Given the collective amount of numerical data present within the

experiment, the researchers then decided to use the quantitative design.

Quantitative analysis involves the techniques by which researchers convert data

to numerical values and subject them to statistical analysis. The collected data

of the researchers presented values of measurements and quantities

representing the coping strategies of COVID-19 survivors and their psychosocial

affect. This method allows the researchers to have generalizations and direct

comparison that can help from an analysis of the data they gathered after giving

a questionnaire and survey.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
   LIPA CITY COLLEGES

References

Yu, H., Li, M., Li, Z. et al., (2020), Coping style, social support and psychological

distress in the general Chinese population in the early stages of the COVID-19

epidemic. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-020-

02826-3

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA
Thai TT , Le PTV , Huynh QHN,CITY COLLEGES
Pham PTT , Bui HTH. et al., (2021), Perceived

Stress and Coping Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Public

Health and Preventive Medicine Students in Vietnam

https://www.dovepress.com/perceived-stress-and-coping-strategies-during-the-

covid-19-pandemic-am-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBM

Aljazeera, (2021), Philippines eases lockdown amid record COVID-19 infections

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/21/philippines-eases-lockdown-amid-

record-covid-19-infections

Statista, (2020), Key figures of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Philippines as

of October 21, 2021 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1100765/philippines-

coronavirus-covid19-cases/

Kim, J., (n.d.),  (2021) The Role of Coping Strategies in Maintaining Well-Being

During the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550621990595

Souvik D. (n.d.),. (2020). Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19. Retrieve from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255207/

Saha K, Torous J, Caine ED, De Choudhury M. (2020), Psychosocial Effects of

the COVID-19 Pandemic: Large-scale Quasi-Experimental Study on Social

Media J Med Internet Res 2020

Lipa City Colleges
G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY
https://www.jmir.org/2020/11/e22600/ COLLEGES

Anonymous, (n.d.), (2021). International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives

in Higher Education. https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jimphe

AL-EZZI, A.(2017), About the Journal | Journal of Ideas in Health

https://www.jidhealth.com/index.php/jidhealth/article/view/69

BS, Mohan and Vinod Nambiar, (2021). COVID-19: An Insight into SARS-CoV-2

Pandemic Originated at Wuhan City in Hubei Province of China

https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/jide/journal-of-infectious-diseases-and-

epidemiology-jide-6-146.php?jid=jide

Gellman M and Turner R. (2013), Psychosocial Factors

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-1005-

9_422

Napal K. (2021), The Philippines’ COVID-19 Response: Securitising the

Pandemic and Disciplining the Pasaway

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1868103421994261

BusinessWorld (2021), Coronavirus takes its toll on mental health as Filipinos

battle stress, anxiety.

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
https://www.bworldonline.com/coronavirus-takes-its-toll-on-mental-health-as-

filipinos-battle-stress-anxiety/?

fbclid=IwAR3bMBfrNPrUH1F2l2iXCm9IZYJNjpLJLEi4ewUeG-

0uYs8wUMino1jV_ww

Seriño M. and Ratilla T. (2021), Local Response and Coping Mechanisms

Adopted to Disruptions

Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Filipino State University

https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/hbds/article/view/244575/166877

Visco R. (2021), Covid-19 related mental health issues growing among the youth

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/10/13/covid-19-related-mental-health-issues-

growing-among-the-youth/

Lacsamana, B. (2021), Filipino teens languish as pandemic drags on

https://www.bworldonline.com/filipino-teens-languish-as-pandemic-drags-on/

Baloran E. (2020), Knowledge, Attitudes, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies of

Students during COVID-19 Pandemic 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300

Bansigan, J. (2021), Commentary: In desperate bid to fend off COVID-19, the

Philippines’ repeated lockdowns create a mental health crisis

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/commentary/philippines-lockdown-

stress-frustration-suicide-unemployment-distress-2115551?

fbclid=IwAR3MpxwGulXbo2WPddPkZ_pi4i5oGmtwey_sXyt_Euia11SGfz

P5IFy5uFg

Bhadari, P. (2020), An introduction to quantitative research

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Letter of Consent

Dear Participant,
 
         We, Third Year BS Nursing students of Lipa City Colleges, are conducting
a research about “PSYCHOSOCIAL AFFECT AND COPING STRATEGIES
OF COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN SABANG, LIPA CITY (A QUALITATIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY)” With regard to this we are asking for your
support to be part of this survey questionnaire by answering the following
questions below.
 
Lipa City Colleges
G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
   LIPA CITY COLLEGES
Thank you for your assistance in this important endeavor.
 
Sincerely yours,
 
Researchers:
Abrenica, Kristine B.                                    Lajara, Kathlene P.
Batalla, William Harry K.                   Material, Vincent M.
David, Kyla Nicole M.       Orense, Jhon Lloyd O.
Dimaandal, Zyrex P.                                                         Quinto, Micaella B.
                                              
 
 
 
MRS. TERESA BANDELARIA
                                                RESEARCH ADVISER
 
 
______________________________________________________________________
“By signing this, I agree on the conditions that may transpire during the survey.”
 
____________________________
Respondents’ Name & Signature Date:___________
 
 

Questionnaire
 
Q1: Profile of the Respondents 
Name (Pangalan):___________________________ (Optional)(Opsyunal)
Gender (Kasarian) : Male (Lalaki):(__)    Female (Babae):(__)
Age (Edad):_______              
Occupation (Hanapbuhay):_______
Social Class (Antas sa Lipunan) 
Monthly Income of (for a family of 5 members) / Buwanang Kita ng (para
sa isang pamilyang may 5 miyembro)
 Poor - Less than PHP 10,481 
Lipa City Colleges
G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
  Low-income classLIPA
(but notCITY
poor) - COLLEGES
between PHP 10,481 and PHP 20,962
 Lower middle-income class - between PHP 20,962 and PHP 41,924
 Middle middle-income class - between PHP 41,924 and PHP 73,367
 Upper middle-income class - between PHP 73,367 and PHP 125,772
 Upper-income class (but not rich)- between PHP 125,772 and PHP
209,620
 Rich- PHP 209,620 and above

Directions: The following questions ask how you have sought to cope with a
hardship in your life. Read the statements and indicate how much you have been
using each coping style. Select and put a check on the most accurate answer on
the space provided.
(Direksyon: Ang mga sumusunod na tanong ay nagtatanong kung paano mo
hinangad na makayanan ang kahirapan sa iyong buhay. Basahin ang mga
pahayag at ipahiwatig kung gaano mo nagamit ang bawat istilo ng pagkaya. Piliin
at lagyan ng tsek ang pinakatumpak na sagot sa ibinigay na espasyo.)
 

Q2. What are the different coping strategies of COVID-19 survivors in terms
of:

COPING STRATEGIES I haven’t A little A medium I’ve been

been doing bit amount doing this a
this at all     lot
(Hindi ko pa (Kaunti (Katamtaman  
ito lamang) lamang)  (Madalas ko
ginagawa)  (2) (3) itong
(1) ginagawa)
(4)

2.1. Task-Oriented

2.1a. Active Coping

1. I've been making extra effort  

to make the situation better.
(Ako ay gumagawa ng
karagdagang pagsisikap
upang mapabuti ang
sitwasyon.) 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
2. I take direct action without  
hesitation to get around the
problem.
(Gumagawa ako ng agarang
aksyon na hindi iniisip kung
anong kahinatnan nito.)

3. I do what has to be done, .  

one step at a time.
(Ginawa ko ang nararapat
kahit paisa-isang hakbang
lamang.) 

2.1b. Planning

4. I try to come up with a  

strategy about what to do.
(Nagkaroon ako ng ideya kung
ano ang aking gagawin.) 

5. I think about how I might  

best handle the problem.
(Iniisip ko kung paano
haharapin ng tama ang aking
problema.) 

6. I think hard about what  

steps to take.
(Lubos akong nag isip kung
anu-ano ang mga paraan na
aking gagawin.) 
 

2.1c. Suppression of Competing Activities

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
7. I keep myself from getting  
distracted by other activities. 
(Pinipigilan ko ang aking sarili
na magambala ng ibang mga
gawain.)

8. I try hard to prevent other  

things from interfering with my
efforts at dealing with this.
(Pinilit kong hindi
maapektuhan ng ibang bagay
ang mga pagsisikap ko na
malampasan ito.) 

9. I put aside other activities in  

order to concentrate on this.
(Isinantabi ko muna ang ibang
gawain para mapagtuunan ko
ito ng pansin.) 

2.1d. Restraint Coping

10. I restrain myself from doing  

anything too quickly.
(Pinipigilan ko ang aking sarili
sa paggawa ng anumang
bagay nang napakabilis.) 

11. I make sure not to make  

matters worse by acting too
soon.
(Sinisiguro ko na hindi lumala
ang sitwasyon dahil sa
agarang pag aksyon.) 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
12. I force myself to wait for  
the right time to do something.
(Pinilit ko ang aking sarili para
hintayin ang tamang panahon
para kumilos.) 

2.1e. Seeking of Instrumental Social Support

13. I try to get advice from  

social media influencers.
(Sinusubukan kong makakuha
ng payo mula sa mga
maimpluwensiyang tao sa
sosyal medya.) 

14. I ask others who have  

gone through a similar
situation.
(Tinanong ko ang iba na
dumaan sa katulad na
sitwasyon.) 

15. I consult with an expert to  

find out more about the
situation.
(Komunsulta ako sa eksperto
para malaman ang aking
sitwasyon.) 

2.2 Emotion-Oriented Coping

2.2a. Seeking of Emotional Social Support

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
16. I discuss my feelings with  
my friends.
(Tinatalakay ko ang aking
damdamin sa aking mga
kaibigan.) 

17. I get empathy and  

understanding from my family.
(Nakakakuha ako ng
pakikiramay at pang-unawa
mula sa aking pamilya.) 

18. I try to get support from a  

special person in my life who
cares about my feelings.
(Sinusubukan kong makakuha
ng suporta mula sa isang
espesyal na tao sa aking
buhay na nagmamalasakit sa
aking damdamin.) 

2.2b. Positive Reinterpretation

19. I try to grow as a person as  

a result of the experience.
(Sinisikap kong lumago bilang
isang tao bilang resulta ng
karanasan.) 

20. I look on the brighter side  

of the situation.
(Tinitingnan ko ang
kaliwanagan ng isang
sitwasyon.) 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
21. I've been looking for  
something good in what is
happening.
(Hinahanap ko ang
kagandahan ng pangyayari.) 

2.2c. Acceptance

22. I accept that this is part of  

life.
(Tinatanggap ko na ito ay
bahagi ng buhay.) 

23. I accept that this is  

inevitable and can’t be
changed.
(Tinanggap ko na ito ay hindi
maiiwasan at hindi na
mababago.) 

24. I have learned to live in  

this situation.
(Natuto na akong mamuhay sa
ganitong sitwasyon.) 

2.2d. Turning to Religion

25. I put my trust in God.  

(Inialay ko ang aking tiwala sa
Diyos.) 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
26. I go to church.  
(Nagsisimba ako.) 

27. I pray more than usual.  

(Nagdadasal ako ng higit sa
madalas.) 

2.2e. Focus on and Venting of Emotions

28. I get upset and let my  

emotions out.
(Naiinis ako at hinahayaan na
lumabas ang aking mga
emosyon) 

29. I let my feelings out  

through crying.
(Umiiyak ako para mailabas
lahat ng emosyon ko.) 

30. I express my emotion  

calmly through art.
(Inihahayag ko ang aking
emosyon sa pamamagitan ng
sining.) 

2.2f. Denial (Avoidant)

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
31. I say to myself “this isn’t  
real”
(Sinasabi ko sa sarili ko "hindi
ito totoo") 

32. I refuse to believe that it  

was meant to happen.
(Tumanggi akong maniwala na
ito ay nakatakdang mangyari) 

33. I say to myself “It is just a  

bad dream”
(Sinasabi ko sa aking sarili na
“Masamang panaginip lamang
ito”.) 

2.2g. Behavioral Disengagement (Avoidant)

34. I admit to myself that I  

can’t deal with it and quit
trying.
(Inaamin ko sa sarili ko na
hindi ko kayang harapin ito at
huminto sa pagsubok.) 

35. I gave up hoping that  

someone will help me.
(Sumuko na akong umasa na
may tutulong pa sa akin.) 

36. I reduce the amount of  

effort in solving the problem.
(Binabawasan ko ang
pagsisikap sa paglutas ng
aking problema.) 

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
2.2h Mental Disengagement (Avoidant)

37. I turn to work and  

substitute activities to take my
mind off things.
(Bumaling ako sa trabaho at
pinalitan ang mga aktibidad
para mawala sa isip ko ang
mga bagay-bagay.) 

38. I've been doing something  

to think about it less, such as
going to movies, watching TV,
reading, sleeping, or shopping.
(Nanunood ako ng sine at
telebisyon, nagbabasa ng
libro, natutulog at namimili
para hindi ko lagi naiisip ang
nangyari.) 

39. I sleep more than usual.  

(Natutulog ako ng higit sa
madalas.) 

Q3. What are the different psychosocial affect experienced by the COVID-19
survivors in terms of:

Psychosocial Affect Response

3.1a. Social Support

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
1. As soon as you knew that you were a Covid-19 positive, what was
the first thing that you did? What were the challenges you’ve been
through as soon as you have decided to let your family, friends and
colleagues knew that you contracted the virus?

(Noong agad mong nalaman na ikaw ay nag positibo sa virus, ano

ang una mong ginawa? Naging mahirap ba para saiyo ang mag
desisyon na ipagtapat ito sa iyong pamilya, mga katrabaho at mga
kaibigan?

2. What type of isolation were you advised to do so? Were you able
to get social support before, during and after your isolation?

(Anong paraan ng isolasyonang napili nilang susundin mo?

Nakatanggap ka ba ng suportang panlipunan bago, habang at
pagkatapos ng iyong isolasyon?)

3.1b. Work Environment

3. Were you able to get health and employee benefits from your
company when they have learned that you are to be isolated? Are
those benefits fair enough to sustain your needs?

(Nakatanggap ka ba ng benepisyong para sa manggagawa at

pangkalasugan galling sa iyong kumpanya nang malaman nil ana
ikaw ay ihihiwalay? Sapat ba ang iyong natanggap para sa iyong
mga pangangailangan?)

4. How did your co-workers and managers deal with you when they
knew about your situation?

(Sa papanong paraan ka sinuportahan ng mga katrabaho at amo

nang malaman nila ang iyong sitwasyon?

3.1c. Social Status

5. How do you classify your social status? Does it gain impact on

Lipa City Colleges
G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net
 LIPA CITY COLLEGES
how you should be treated as a person and as a patient?

(Ano ang inyong kalagayang sosyal o katayuan sa lipunan? Ito ba

ay may epekto sa kung paano ka itrato bilang tao at pasyente?

Lipa City Colleges

G. A. Solis St., Lipa City Batangas
Telephone Number: 756-1943
Fax Number: 756-3768 local 300
www.lipacitycolleges.net