1.

CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Wood Stains
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
• Oil Wood Stains
1.08 Steel Trowelled Pigments are derived from various
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
earth clays. After they are dissolved
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH in linseed oil, the coloring particles
2.01 Granolithic
remain suspended between the oil
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES molecules. For spreading the color
3.01 Cement Tile particles over large surfaces, the
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN ground oil color is thinned with
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet turpentine .
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet • Water Stains
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
These are made from anilyne dyes
5.02 Plank Flooring and mineral extracts which have
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor been dissolved in hot water ”.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile • Spirit or Alcohol Stain
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
These are mixed with alcohol-
7.02 Opaque Fin solution anilyne powders and
7.03 Paint Defects
warmed alcohol.
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Wood Stains
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
The method of applying wood stains:
1.08 Steel Trowelled 1. Clean wood surface by planing, scraping and
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
sanding.
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH 2. If water stain is to be used, sponge wood with damp
2.01 Granolithic
rag and allow to dry.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES 3. Resand with finer grit paper.
3.01 Cement Tile 4. Fill holes, dents, cracks, etc. with crack filler colored
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN to match stains. When dry, sand smooth.
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet 5. Dust and clean with benzene rags.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet 6. Apply stain, using brush or sponge with grain.
4.04 Linoleum Sheet 7. Apply shellac wash coat – 6 parts alcohol to 1 part
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
shellac.
5.02 Plank Flooring 8. Scuff surfaces lightly with fine sandpaper by hand.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor 9. Apply paste filler and wash off in 10 minutes.
6. CEILING FINISHES 10. Sand, dust and clean.
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile 11. Apply shellac wash coat.
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
12. Sand, dust and clean.
7.02 Opaque Fin 13. Select any of the ff. finishes: a.) shellac and wax, b)
7.03 Paint Defects
varnish, c.) lacquer
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
b. Wood Fillers
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
• Paste Fillers.
1.08 Steel Trowelled Composed of silex (stone dust), japan-drier, linseed
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
oil, turpentine, and sometimes colors ground in oil
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH Filler is applied with the grain and allowed to dry
2.01 Granolithic
“flat” for about 10 minutes. It is then wiped off across
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES the grain with burlap or some other coarse material.
3.01 Cement Tile Paste fillers requires about 24 hours for drying
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN before it can be sanded.
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet • Crack Fillers.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet Plastic wood putty, stick shellac, etc. They are used
4.04 Linoleum Sheet for filling nails holes, cracks and dents.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
b. Shellac
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
Shellac is made by refining seed lac and its natural
1.08 Steel Trowelled color is orange; white shellac is obtained by bleaching.
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH Lac is a resin exuded by certain insects in India in the
2.01 Granolithic
twigs of trees. These twigs with the resin attached are
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES called sticklac and are crushed and washed to produce
3.01 Cement Tile seed lac.
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
Shellac is an under or a
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet preparatory coat for varnish
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
and wax finishes, but is not
4.04 Linoleum Sheet satisfactory as an indepen-
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN dent finish because it is not
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring durable and turns white from
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor contact with water. It is also
6. CEILING FINISHES used to cover wood knots
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
before a priming lead and oil
7. PAINT FINISHES coat is applied because it kills
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin the resin in the knot and
7.03 Paint Defects prevents discoloration.
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
c. Varnish
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
It is a resolution of resin in drying oil (oil varnish) or in a
1.08 Steel Trowelled voltatile solvent such as alcohol or turpentine (spirit
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
varnish). It contains no pigment and hardens into a
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH smooth, hard and glossy coat by the oxidation of the oil
2.01 Granolithic
or by the evaporation of the alcohol.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile The chief resins used in varnishes are
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN - copal of African fossil gums;
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet - dammar or resins from Singapore and the East
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet Indies;
4.04 Linoleum Sheet - the residue left under the extraction of turpentine
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
from pine resins, and rosin esters, obtained by treating
5.02 Plank Flooring resin with glycerine to make it waterproof when dry.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
c. Varnish
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
In general, oil varnishes are more durable than spirit
1.08 Steel Trowelled varnishes. Spirit varnishes are either dammar varnish,
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
mad by treating dammar resins with turpentine, or
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH shellac varnish, made by dissolving white or orange
2.01 Granolithic
shellac in grain alcohol. They dry by the evaporation of
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES the solvent.
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
Drying time is from
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet 4 to 24 hours.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet Varnish should
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN never be applied
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring when the weather
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor is moist or humid.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.01 TRANSPARENT FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
d. Lacquer
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
Lacquer is made synthetically, and is closely
1.08 Steel Trowelled related to rayon or nylon fabrics. It requires a
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
special thinner sold by each manufacturer for his
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH own brand.
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES Average drying time is 1-1/2 hours. For fine lacquer
3.01 Cement Tile finishes, a special undercoat of lacquer sealer is
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN applied over a wash coat of shellac.
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet After the sealer has dried, it is sanded or steel-
4.04 Linoleum Sheet wooled to give the lacquer a gripping surface
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
Paint is a mixture containing a pigment and a
1.08 Steel Trowelled vehicle.
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH The pigment is that solid, finely ground portion
2.01 Granolithic
which gives to paint the power to obscure, hide or
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES color the surface.
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN The vehicle is the fluid portion of the paint. It
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet carries the particles of the pigment in suspension
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet and by the oxidation deposits and hardening binds
4.04 Linoleum Sheet them to painted surface or by evaporation deposits
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
them thereon.
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish PIGMENTS:
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish may be divided into white and colored pigments.
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH The white pigments can, in turn, be divided further
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo
into hiding or active pigments and extender
3. TILE FINISHES pigments.
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN • Hiding or active pigments
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet are those which when mixed with the drying oil,
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
produces an opaque finishing material.
4.04 Linoleum Sheet The most widely used active pigment is white lead
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN which, when used alone withlinseed oil, will produce
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
an excellent durable paint.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor Other active white pigments include:
6. CEILING FINISHES - zinc oxide
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
- lithopone
7. PAINT FINISHES - titanium dioxide.
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • Extender pigments:
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- are inert pigments which when mixed with the drying
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH oils possess very little hiding power.
2.01 Granolithic
They are often referred to as fillers, extenders or
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES suspenders. They serve to prevent the primary
3.01 Cement Tile pigment from settling in a hard mass at the bottom of
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
the paint can.
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet The extender pigments include:
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet - calcium carbonate
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN - silica and
5.01 StripFlooring - mica.
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • Extender pigments:
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- All paints other than white paints also contain color
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH pigments in addition to white pigments.
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo A good exterior paint should contain not less than
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile 65% pigment by weight.
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN High quality exterior paints contain not more than
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet 10% of extender pigments
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish VEHICLE:
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- • The vehicle or liquid portion of the paint consists of:
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH - a binder which forms the film
2.01 Granolithic
- the drier to speed up formulation of the film and
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES - the thinner or the volatile solvent .
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile The volatile solvent facilitates application and
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet contributes, through its evaporation, to the drying of
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet the paint, but is not a permanent part of the film.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
The type of solvent used in a paint determines
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring whether it is a
5.02 Plank Flooring - water-base paint (where the solvent is water) or
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
- oil-base paint (where the solvent is an
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board organic liquid).
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin The vehicle of a paint should not contain more than
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
35% of the paint’s volume by weight .
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish The principal paint for exterior wood surfaces is oil
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
paint, which contains white lead as the white paint
Cement Finish pigment, color pigments and extenders in a vehicle
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
consisting of a drying oil, usually linseed oil, dryers,
2.02 Terrazo and turpentine as the solvent or thinner.
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile Other drying oils used are
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
- tung or china oil,
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet - soybean and
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet - fish oils.
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN Driers are added to the vehicle of paints containing
5.01 StripFlooring drying oils to accelerate the hardening of paint by
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor speeding the union of the oil with oxygen from the air.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board A good paint’s vehicle will contain 85 to 95% drying oil
6.02 Acoustic Tile and the rest thinners and driers.
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Driers:
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- may be classified into two types:
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH - oil driers, used in powdered or crystalline form
2.01 Granolithic
such as litharge (monoxide of lead),
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES manganese dioxide, borate; and
3.01 Cement Tile - liquid driers, inorganic compounds of lead,
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
manganese and cobalt, which are dissolved in
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet turpentine or benzene and which mix readily
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet with the oil at ordinary temperatures.
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Thinners
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- act as a solvent both for the materials of the paint and
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH for the resin in the wood surface thereby providing
2.01 Granolithic
greater penetration and anchorage in the wood pores.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES It improves the brushing and spreading qualities of the
3.01 Cement Tile paint and also hastens its drying by absorbing oxygen
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
from the air and transferring it to the drying oil. The
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet best thinner is turpentine, a spirit obtained by steam
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet distillation of the resin or gum which exudes from pine
4.04 Linoleum Sheet trees. (The residue of the distillation is known as rosin,
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN used in the making of varnish.) Other thinners include
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring mineral spirits (petroleum distillation products) benzol,
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor solvent naptha.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Thinners
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish Turpentine is also added to the first or priming coat to
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
assist the penetration of the paint and in much smaller
2.02 Terrazo quantities to the outer coats especially for exterior
3. TILE FINISHES work.
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile Because it dries without a gloss, it is mixed with the
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN final coats for interior finishes when a flat or dull finish
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet is required.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Alkyd-resin or oil-resin emulsion paints
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish where oil and resin emulsified in water makes a
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
heterogeneous finishing material by an emulsifying
2.02 Terrazo agent such as casein.
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile A great advantage of oil resin paint is that its
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN viscosity can be easily reduced by the addition of
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet water. Water is added as a thinner for the same
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet reason that turpentine or mineral spirits is added to
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
oil paints.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring Other advantages of oil-resin emulsion paints are
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
that it dries quickly (two coats can be applied the
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board same day); it is easy to apply; it is easy to recoat
6.02 Acoustic Tile with itself or other paint, and it has little tendency to
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin fade.
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Synthetic latex (rubber-base) paints
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
Cement Finish is made from synthetic latex which acts as the pigment
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
binder and the film-forming material for the paint.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES A careful balance of synthetic latex and alkyds resins
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile gives a solution that can thinned with water for
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN application as a continuous film with excellent adhesion
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet and wash ability.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
Synthetic latex paints have little tendency to turn yellow
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring because, unlike oil paints, they absorb very little
5.02 Plank Flooring oxygen from the air.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board Latex paint is the preferred paint for the plaster,
6.02 Acoustic Tile cement, concrete and masonry
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Well-formulated paint, skillfully applied over a properly
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored-
prepared surface wears by gradual “chalking” and
Cement Finish maintains a smooth, tough and durable film that
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
constitutes a satisfactory surface for repainting. Such a
2.02 Terrazo paint film will remain an effective protective coating for
3. TILE FINISHES a period of three to five years depending upon the
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile locality and the characteristics of the original surface. It
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN requires little treatment beyond surface dusting in
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet preparation for repainting
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.02 OPAQUE FINISHES
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
a. Paint
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish Portland cement-base paints
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- a water-base paint (where the solvent is water) used
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH for painting concrete and masonry surfaces
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES Enamel paints
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile paints which use varnish as a vehicle. They have the
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet ability of levelling brush marks, are more resistant to
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet washing and rough usage, and have a harder and
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet tougher film. They can have either a glossy, semi
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN glossy or matt finish.
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor Rust-inhibiting paints
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board protective paints for ferrous metal and are of two types:
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES - priming paint, e.g. red lead, litharge, lead chromate;
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
- finish paints, e.g., lead sulfate and zinc dust.
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish Well-formulated paint, skillfully applied over a properly
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish
prepared surface wears by gradual “chalking” and
1.08 Steel Trowelled maintains a smooth, tough and durable film that
1.09 Integral Colored- constitutes a satisfactory surface for repainting.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic Such a paint film will remain an effective protective
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
coating for a period of three to five years depending
3.01 Cement Tile upon the locality and the characteristics of the original
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
surface. It requires little treatment beyond surface
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet dusting in preparation for repainting.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet Defective paint behavior and surface failures, on the
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN other hand, are traceable to three main causes:
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring 1. Improper paint formulation.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor 2. Inadequate surface preparation and careless
6. CEILING FINISHES application.
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile 3. Faulty construction or building materials
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish
1.06 Exposed Aggr Film defects may result from one or any combination
1.07 Wood Float Finish of these. The following are the various paint defects,
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- their causes, prevention
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH a. Excessive or premature chalking
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo • evidenced by surface
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile dusting and rapid
3.02 Ceramic Tile thinning of the film,
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet sometimes to bare
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet wood.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
• caused by improper
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring formulation or paint
5.02 Plank Flooring application.
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES • too high a percentage

6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile of volatile thinner forms
7. PAINT FINISHES a porous film subject
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin has completely worn
7.03 Paint Defects away.
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish a. Excessive or premature chalking
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • too high a percentage of volatile thinner forms a
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- porous film subject has completely worn away.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin • May be prevented by strict adherence to high
7.03 Paint Defects standards of paint formulation and application.
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish b. Sagging and running
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • marked by irregular wavy lines that texture an
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- otherwise smooth finish film.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic • cause is usually paint formulation with too low a
2.02 Terrazo pigment volume, or too heavy and careless an
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
application of a thin-consistency paint. It occurs
3.02 Ceramic Tile sometimes when repainting an interior if an
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
original gloss surface has not been cut by light
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet sanding.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
• Cure of condition necessitates sanding the
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring irregularities and repainting. Prevention involves
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
maintaining proper proportions of pigment and
linseed oil as to formulation and careful brushing
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board of properly thinned paint as to application
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish c. Storm spotting
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • usually occurring after
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- continuous rains and
Cement Finish electric storms, are
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic characterized by
2.02 Terrazo unsightly and irregular
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
color changes.
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
• Rain sometimes absorbs
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet nitrates and peroxides
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
formed by electrical
discharges and
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring penetrates the paint film,
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
changing the refractive
index of the coating.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile • Cure of condition can sometimes be
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin accomplished by rubbing spots with alcohol.
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
Subsequent weathering usually restores the
original color within a month or two.
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish d. Washing
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • is characterized by streaking on the surface,
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- fading color, the final exposure of the original
Cement Finish surface and accumulation of pigment particles
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic below the painted area.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
• caused by water-soluble compounds in
3.02 Ceramic Tile pigments of poor paints or soluble compounds
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
which develop by chemical reactions in the paint
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet are dissolved during rain storms and wash out of
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
the film.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring • also when paints are applied during periods of
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
high humidity and low temperatures, the film
structure may be injured during the drying
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board period.
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish e. Stains
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • are surface discolorations which often disappear
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- gradually as the paint film wears. Sometimes,
Cement Finish however, they go through the film necessitating
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic its removal and subsequent repainting.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
• Metal stains are sometimes caused by water
3.02 Ceramic Tile dripping from exposed metal.
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet • Prevention involves coating metal. Galvanized
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
iron should be painted with metallic zinc dust in
spar varnish or paint containing zinc oxide.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish e. Stains
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • Mildew stains are caused by air-borne fungi that
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- feed on oil and multiply rapidly. They cannot be
Cement Finish easily removed. Old growth should be removed
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic before repainting by washing with 1 lb. of tri-
2.02 Terrazo sodium phosphate or sodium carbonate in 1
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
gallon of water.
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
• For prevention, the paint can be treated with
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet about 1/4 oz. of mercuric chloride per gallon.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish f. Checking
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • characterized by minute cracks on the surface of
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- elastic paint films. Usually it is not a serious film
Cement Finish defect, for checks do not extend through the film.
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo • cause is improper application or improper
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
formulation of undercoats. The finish film is applied
3.02 Ceramic Tile over a body coat not quite enough for a proper
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
foundation. Unequal tensions occur in drying and
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet small surface checks result.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
• cure of condition involves wire brushing affected
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring areas and repainting if checking does not disappear
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
under influence of normal wear.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board • prevention involves allowance of sufficient drying
6.02 Acoustic Tile
time between coats and formulation of the body coat
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin with a minimum amount of oil in order to develop a
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects hard foundation for finish
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish g. Alligatoring
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • an advance state of checking, varying in degree to
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- a coarse texturing of the finish film.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic • cause involves application of a harder drying finish
2.02 Terrazo over soft or slow-drying under-coats. As in
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
checking, poor formulation with too much linseed
3.02 Ceramic Tile oil in the priming or body coat may result in
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
alligatoring.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
• cure of condition, if extensive, requires removal of
the film and repainting.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
• prevention necessitates precautions noted above
to prevent checking
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish h. Cracking and scaling
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • characterized by irregular cracks that
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- subsequently curl at the edge, flake and finally
Cement Finish scale off. Over wood, scaling is usually most
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic marked in direction of or across the grain.
2.02 Terrazo
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
• cracking is a wear characteristic of hard-drying
3.02 Ceramic Tile paints that contain large proportions of zinc oxide
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
pigment.
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
• scaling comes from the water pressure when
moisture seeps through the crack to the original
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring surface. The condition is common to any surface
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
coated with paint improperly formulated to
withstand local conditions.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish h. Cracking and scaling
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • cure of condition at an early stage requires
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- vigorous brushing and recoating with a less brittle
Cement Finish film.
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo • prevention involves formulation to produce a
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
tougher, more elastic film. Usually this means an
3.02 Ceramic Tile increased percentage of white lead.
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish i. Blistering and Peeling
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • characterized by swelling of the entire film which is
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- usually followed by a break in the film and
Cement Finish subsequent peeling.
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic
2.02 Terrazo • cause is water pressure from behind the film due
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
to faulty construction that allows moisture seepage
3.02 Ceramic Tile or abnormal condensation. This is a mechanical
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
damage that may occur whatever the type or
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet quality of paint used.
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet • sometimes also results
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
also when damp surfaces
5.02 Plank Flooring are covered by quick-
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor drying paints.
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile • This type of damage may
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
be evident on wood,
7.02 Opaque Fin stucco or masonry
7.03 Paint Defects
surfaces .
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish i. Blistering and Peeling
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish • cure of condition requires complete removal of the
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- paint and repainting as for new work.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic • prevention necessitates permanent removal of the
2.02 Terrazo moisture sources, often involving extensive repairs
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
and waterproofing.
3.02 Ceramic Tile
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor

6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish j. Spot fading
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish characterized by color changes and flatting of gloss
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- in irregular patches on the film.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic cause is from uneven oil absorption, usually a result
2.02 Terrazo of insufficient coats or a priming coat improperly
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
formulated to penetrate and adequately seal surface
3.02 Ceramic Tile pores. It may be emphasized when “skimping” is
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
attempted, that is, application of two coats when
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet three are needed, or the use of a cheaply formulated
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
paint.
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring cure of condition is repainting.
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
prevention requires merely the exercise of proper
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board painting technique.
6.02 Acoustic Tile
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects
1. CONCRETE
SURFACE FINISHES
1.01 Stucco or
7. PAINT FINISHES
Cement Plaster
1.02 Rubbed Finish 7.03 PAINT BEHAVIOR AND DEFECTS
1.03 Brushed Finish
1.04 Tooled Finish
1.05 Sand-blast Finish k. Wrinkling
1.06 Exposed Aggr
1.07 Wood Float Finish not to be confused with alligatoring, is marked by a
1.08 Steel Trowelled
1.09 Integral Colored- tough, leather-like texturing.
Cement Finish
2. GRANOLITHIC FINISH
2.01 Granolithic cause is usually when paint is put on too thickly and
2.02 Terrazo not well brushed out and may be contributed to by
3. TILE FINISHES
3.01 Cement Tile
formulation if too high a proportion of oil is used in
3.02 Ceramic Tile finish coats.
4. RESILIENT FLOOR FIN
4.01 Asphalt Tile/Sheet
4.02 Vinyl Tile/Sheet cure of condition requires only sanding and
4.03 Rubber Tile/Sheet
4.04 Linoleum Sheet
repainting if texture is slight. Otherwise, film removal
is indicated with subsequent painting as for new
5. WOOD FLOOR FIN
5.01 StripFlooring work .
5.02 Plank Flooring
5.04 Parquet Tile Floor
prevention requires strict adherence to high
6. CEILING FINISHES
6.01 Ceiling Board standards of paint formulation and thorough brushing
6.02 Acoustic Tile
out in application
7. PAINT FINISHES
7.01 Transparent Fin
7.02 Opaque Fin
7.03 Paint Defects