PRESENTATION ON

PAINTS,VARNISHES AND DISTEMPERS

PRESENTED TO
MD. MOTIUR RAHMAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRESENTED BY
1. DIPU KUMAR PK(141128)
2. S.M. MAHFUZUL HAQUE(141129)
3. MD. AL MAHMUD(141130)
4. SUMON CHANDRA ROY(141131)
5. KRISHNO SAHA(141132)
PAINT

A Paint is a Solution or
suspension (emulsion) of
pigment, binder, and mineral
solvent (or water) that on drying
forms an adhering film on the
surface it is applied for protection
and/or decoration.
 CONSTITUENTS OF AN OIL

An oil paint is generally made up of six main

constituents given below:
a. A base
b. An inert filler or extender
c. Colouring pigment
d. A vehicle
e. A solvent or thinner
f. A drier
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD
PAINT
A good paint should have the following characteristics:
1. It should stick well to the surface and should be able to seal the
porous substrata.
2. Its consistency should provide easy workability .
3. The thickness of the paint film should be adequate for good
protection and decoration of the surface.
4. The paint film should dry rapidly.
5. The dried paint film should be able to withstand the adverse
weather effect for a long time without losig gloss.
6. It should offer resistance to failure by checking ,cracking and
flaking.
7. It should posses good moisture resistance.
8. Its colour should not fade with the passage of time.
 BASES
The pigments commonly used as the principal constituents for
forming the body of various types of paints are given below:
1. White lead
2. Red lead
3. Lead
4. Zinc white or zinc oxide
5. Iron oxide
6. Titanium white or titanium dioxide
7. Iithopone
 VEHICLE
The vehicles commonly used in an oil paint are
briefly described below:
1. Linseed oil
2. Raw linseed oil
3. Boiled linseed oil
4. Double boiled linseed oil
5. Poppy oil
6. Tury oil
7. Nut oil
 COLOURING PIGMENTS

Colouring pigments are used to give the desired colour to

the paint. The colouring pigments generally used are
given below:
a. Black pigments : lamp black, vegetable black,
graphite.
b. Brown pigments :Raw umber, burnt umber.
c. Blue pigments: Prussian blue, ultramarine blue.
d. Yellow pigments: chrome yellow, yellow ochre.
e. Red pigments: Indian red, red lead.
f. Green pigments: Green earth, chrome green.
 TYPES OF
PAINTS
1. Aluminium paints
2. Anti-corrosive paints
3. Asbestos paints
4. Bituminous paints
5. Bronze paints
6. Cellulose paints
7. Casein paints
8. Cement based paints
9. Enamel paints
10. Oil paints
11. Rubber base paints
ALUMINIUM PAINTS
ANTI-CORROSIVE
PAINTS
ASBESTOS
PAINTS
CEMENT BASED PAINT
OIL PAINTS
 PROCESS OF PAINTING
DIFFERENT SURFACES:
The process of painting on new wood work can be
divided into the following stages:
01. Preparation of surface
02. Knotting
03. Priming
04. Stopping
05. Surface coats or under coatings
06. Finishing coat
PAINTING WITH
BRUSHES
Prior to painting ,the loose bristles should
be removed by taping the brush gently
against the palm of hand ,twirling it
rapidly between the palms of hand and
finally putting the loose bristles out .The
brush should not be dipped too deeply
in the paint, and the excess paint
should be removed by gently rubbing
the brush against the inside surface of
the paint pot.
 SPRAY PAINTING
Painting with the spray gun is considered to
be a highly developed and efficient method of
 applying all types of protective coatings.
There is also economy in labour and the
consumption of material as only two coats of
spray are considered sufficient to obtain the
desired finish .The process of painting with
spray machine may be summarized as
below.
VARNISH
Varnish is a clear, pale solution of a
resinous substance (like amber,
common resin, copal, lac or shellac)
dissolved in either oil, turpentine or
alcohol. Varnish plays an important
role in finishing wooden surfaces of
doors, window, floors etc.
 TYPES OF VARNISH

1. Oil varnish
2. Spar varnish
3. Flat varnish
4. Asphalt varnish
5. Spirit varnish
OIL VARNISH
SPAR VARNISH
FLAT
VARNISH
ASPHALT
VARNISH
SPIRIT
VARNISH
 FURNITURE POLISH
The following mixture will be made an excellent furniture polish:
MATERIAL QTY REQUIRED
01.Linseed oil 16 litre
02.Methylated spirit 2 litre
03.Vinegar 1litre
04.Turpentine 1litre
05.Copal varnish 1litre
06.Muriatic (hydrochloric acid) 0.75litre
 DISTEMPERS
Distempers may be defined as water paints
consisting of whiting (powdered chalk), some
colouring pigment (if desired) and glue size
mixed in water.
Distemper may give either a washable or non-
washable surface according to the medium
used.
They are cheaper than paints and varnishes
and are easier to work.
DISTEMPERING WITH DRY
DISTEMPER

The new plaster is allowed to dry for at least two months

before applying distemper. However, incase of old surfaces
,all dust ,dirt, scales and greasy marks should be removed
and all the holes and cracks should be filled with plaster of
Paris mixed with dry distemper of the colour to be used. A
coat of whiting is then applied over the prepared dry-clean
surface which acts as the priming coat for the distemper. The
dry distemper is then converted into a liquid by mixing it
with water and stirring it well .As a rule 0.6 litre of water
should be used per kg. of distemper.
OIL BOUND DISTEMPER

A distemper or water based paint that

contains some drying oils to enhance its
spreading and drying characteristics .It
is form of distemper in which the
drying oil is rendered mixable with
water. The distemper in pasty form is
available in different shades in sealed
tins.
 CASEIN PAINTS
Casein is a protein substance derived from milk curds.
Casein paint is made by working a mixture of finely
ground casein (which acts as a binder) with a base of
white pigment which is usually slaked lime, and is sold in
powdered or paste form in sealed tins. Casein paints , on
account of their high opacity , give pleasing results in
one coat. They are applied on new plaster without any
danger of blistering, scaling or any adverse effect of free
alkali.
THANK YOU