Module 4

Intended Learning Outcomes 

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Categorize the given data and divide the distribution into parts or subgroups.
2. Determine the position of an individual in a group.

Discussions 

Lesson 2. MEASURE OF POSITION (QUANTILES)

It is an extension of the median concept where items in the distribution are divided into
equal parts

Ungrouped:
𝒕𝒉
𝒋 ∙ ( 𝒏 + 𝟏)
Quartile – divide the distribution into four equal parts. 𝑸𝒋 = ( )
𝟒
Q1= 25%, Q2= 50%, Q3 = 75%

𝒕𝒉
Decile – divide the distribution into 10 equal parts. 𝒋 ∙ ( 𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝑫𝒋 = ( )
COURSE MODULE

𝟏𝟎
D1= 10%, D2= 20%,..., D9= 90%

𝒕𝒉
𝒋 ∙ ( 𝒏 + 𝟏)
Percentile – divide the distribution into 100 equal parts. 𝑷𝒋 = ( )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
P1= 1%, P2 = 2%,…, P99 = 99%

Example: Solutions:
1. Find Q1, Q2 Arrange your data in ascending order
5,7,10,12,15,17
10, 12, 17, 7, 15 and 5 𝒕𝒉
𝟏 ∙ ( 𝟔 + 𝟏) 𝟕 𝒕𝒉
𝑸𝟏 = ( ) = ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟓𝒕𝒉
𝟒 𝟒
= 1𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 0.75 (2𝑛𝑑 − 1𝑠𝑡)
= 5 + 0.75(7 − 5)
= 5 + 0.75(2)
= 5 + 1.5
𝑸𝟏 = 6.5

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𝒕𝒉
𝟐 ∙ ( 𝟔 + 𝟏) 𝟕 𝒕𝒉
𝑸𝟐 = ( ) = ( ) = 𝟑. 𝟓𝒕𝒉
𝟒 𝟐
= 3𝑟𝑑 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 0.5 (4𝑡ℎ − 3𝑟𝑑 )
= 10 + 0.5(12 − 10)
= 10 + 0.5(2)
= 10 + 1
𝑸𝟐 = 11
Therefore, 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 = 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏

2. Find D2, D5 5,7,7,12,12,15,17

𝒕𝒉
7, 12, 17, 7, 15, 5 and 12 𝟐 ∙ ( 𝟕 + 𝟏) 𝟖 𝒕𝒉
𝑫𝟐 = ( ) = ( ) = (𝟏. 𝟔)𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
= 1𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 0.6 (2𝑛𝑑 − 1𝑠𝑡)
= 5 + 0.6(7 − 5)
= 5 + 0.6(2)
= 5 + 1.2
𝑸𝟐 = 6.2
COURSE MODULE

5,7,7,12,12,15,17
𝒕𝒉
𝟓 ∙ ( 𝟕 + 𝟏) 𝟖 𝒕𝒉
𝑫𝟓 = ( ) = ( ) = (𝟒)𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟎 𝟐
𝐷5 = 12
Therefore, 𝑫𝟓 = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏

3. P10, P50
19, 19, 21, 21, 23, 23, 23, 24, 25, 25,
25, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28

𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟎 ∙ (𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏) 𝟗 𝒕𝒉
𝑷𝟏𝟎 =( ) = ( ) = (𝟏. 𝟖)𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟓
= 1𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 0.8 (2𝑛𝑑 − 1𝑠𝑡)
= 19 + 0.8(19 − 19)
𝑷𝟏𝟎 = 19

𝒕𝒉
𝟓𝟎 ∙ (𝟏𝟕 + 𝟏) 𝟏𝟖 𝒕𝒉
𝑷𝟓𝟎 =( ) =( ) = (𝟗)𝒕𝒉
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐
𝑷𝟓𝟎 = 25
Therefore, 𝑷𝟓𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓 = 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏

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Grouped:

Quartile
𝑛𝑗
− 𝐹𝑞
4
𝑄𝑗 = 𝐿𝑞 + ( )𝑐
𝑓𝑞

Where:
𝑛𝑗 𝑡ℎ
𝐿𝑞 = is the lower-class boundary of the quartile class, containing the ( 4 ) entry
𝐹𝑞 = is the less than cumulative frequency of the class before the quartile class
𝑓𝑞 = is the frequency of the quartile class

𝑛𝑗
− 𝐹𝑑
10
𝐷𝑗 = 𝐿𝑑 + ( )𝑐
𝑓𝑑

Where:
𝑛𝑗 𝑡ℎ
𝐿𝑑 = is the lower-class boundary of the decile class, containing the (10) entry
𝐹𝑑 = is the less than cumulative frequency of the class before the decile class
𝑓𝑑 = is the frequency of the decile class

𝑛𝑗
− 𝐹𝑝
𝑃𝑗 = 𝐿𝑝 + (100 )𝑐
𝑓𝑝
COURSE MODULE

Where:
𝑛𝑗 𝑡ℎ
𝐿𝑝 = is the lower-class boundary of the percentile class, containing the (100) entry
𝐹𝑝 = is the less than cumulative frequency of the class before the percentile class
𝑓𝑝 = is the frequency of the percentile class

Example:
Find 𝑄1 .
𝑛𝑗
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative − 𝐹𝑞
𝑄𝑗 = 𝐿𝑞 + ቌ 4 ቍ𝑐
(f) Frequency Solution: 𝑓𝑞
10 – 14 2 2 𝑛𝑗 (40)(1)
= 4 = 10 𝑛𝑗
15 – 19 5 7 4 − 𝐹𝑞
20 – 24 8 15 𝐿𝑞 = 19.5 𝑄1 = 𝐿𝑞 + ቌ 4 ቍ𝑐
𝐹𝑞 = 7 𝑓𝑞
25 – 29 12 27
30 – 34 6 33 𝑓𝑞 = 8 10 − 7
𝑄1 = 19.5 + ( )5
35 – 39 4 37 𝑐=5 8
40 – 44 3 40
40 3
𝑄1 = 19.5 + ( ) 5
8
𝑄1 = 19.5 + 1.875

𝑸𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟓

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Application:

1. In a class of 100 students, Carmen has the rank of 24 th. What is Carmen’s percentile
rank in the class?

Solution:
76
There are 100 – 24 = 76 students ranked below Carmen. Hence, = 0.76 𝑜𝑟 76%.
100
Carmen’s percentile rank is 76. That means that she is in the 76 th percentile.

2. In a class of 150 students, Mike has the rank of 30 th. What is Mike’s percentile rank?

Solution:
The number of students which ranked below Mike’s score is 150 – 30 = 120. We now
120
have, 150 = 0.80 𝑜𝑟 80%. Thus, Mike’s percentile rank is 80.

3. The following are the results of an examination in Trigonometry of ten students:

Name of Aby Jone Neil Cindy Celia Gladys Jeny Tintin Jlo Jaja
Student
Score 33 22 44 35 45 40 49 38 48 47

49 48 47 45 44 40 38 35 33 22

a. What is the rank (from the top) for Tintin’s score?

b. What is Tintin’s percentile rank?
COURSE MODULE

Solution:
a. There are six scores higher than Tintin’s. Her score of 38 is the seventh.
b. Since Tintin’s score is seventh, there are three scores lower than her score. We divide
3 by 10, 3/10 = 0.30 𝑜𝑟 30%. Thus, Tintin is in the 30th percentile in Trigonometry
exam.

The following are the result of an examination in Chemistry of twelve students as shown below.

Name of Aby Jone Neil Cindy Celia Gladys Jeny Tintin Jlo Jaja Mark Jef
Student
Score 84 72 65 89 90 95 86 75 67 88 92 87

95 92 90 89 88 87 86 84 75 72 67 65
a. What is the rank (from the top) for Tintin’s score?
b. What is Tintin’s percentile rank?

Solution:
a. There are eight scores higher than Tintin. Her score of 75 is the ninth.
b. Since Tintin’s score in ninth, there are 3 scores lower than her score. We divide 3 by
12, 3/12 = 0.25 𝑜𝑟 25%. Thus, Tintin is in the 25th percentile.

5. Consider the number 4 example,

a. What is the first quartile?

b. What is the second quartile or the median?
c. What is the third quartile?

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Solution:
a. The first quartile is the value that has 25% of the scores below it. There are 12 scores;
25% of 12 is 3. Hence, the value for the first quartile is the fourth score (three scores
will lie below it), which is 75

b. The second quartile is the value that has 50% of the scores or the median, which is
the measure that determines the middle of a given set of data. There are 12 scores
(an even number), so we must find the mean of the sixth and seventh scores. The
median is 86.5

c. The third quartile is the value that has 75% of the scores below it. Since 75% of 12 is
9. The value for the third quartile is the tenth score (nine scores lie below it). Which is
90.

Activity 11:

1. The following are the final grade of 10 midwifery students in BioStatistics:

1.3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5
Calculate 𝑄1 , 𝐷6 , and 𝑃50

2. Find 𝑃20 , 𝑄2 , 𝐷6

Class Interval Frequency Cumulative Class Boundary

Frequency
5.1 – 5.4 10
COURSE MODULE

4.7 – 5.0 20
4.3 – 4.6 30
3.9 – 4.2 24
3.5 – 3.8 16

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