What is a bibliography?

A bibliography is a list of all the different sources that you used for support of your topic. It contains a list of books or articles, or both, relating to a
particular subject. In a research paper, a bibliography is an alphabetical list, sometimes grouped into categories, containing the names of all works
quoted from or generally used in its preparation. Bibliographical items should be arranged correctly and consistently.

When do you use a bibliography?

1.in a report with statistics, examples or case studies to show where you found those facts
2.in a paper/ report that uses a main idea from the author
3.in a research paper to show ALL the different sources required by the teacher
4.in using sources’ exact words (direct quotation) in an article 5.in sources used in presenting a theory, argument, or point of view in an article
What are some “ sources” your teacher might ask you to use?
-Textbooks/ Books - Encyclopedia -Magazine Article -Journal
-Newspaper -Person/s Interviewed -World wide web
What does it mean to “cite” a source?
If you borrow ideas from a source, you must acknowledge it or give credit to it. Otherwise, you will commit plagiarism. You cite the source by
writing it down in the bibliography or sometimes referred to as Works Cited.
What are the important points to remember in writing a bibliography using the APA (American Psychology Association)format?
1. All names of authors should start with the family name, followed by the first name. The surname is followed with the initials of the first
name and middle name.
2. For a source with several authors, the words et al. is used to mean many or several authors.
3. All titles of books, magazines, encyclopedia and newspaper articles should be underlined or italicized.
4. Titles of topics of magazine and newspaper articles as well as materials from the encyclopedia must be enclosed in quotation marks.
5. Correct punctuation marks, such as period, after the author’s name, title of the book, encyclopedia, magazines and newspaper articles
should be observed.
6. A comma is placed after the author’s family name to separate it from the first name and to separate it from the name of the publisher.
7. For dates of publication, the year-month-day system is used. 8. List should be alphabetized according to author’s surnames.
What information do you need when you cite various sources?
1. Book
1.1 One Author
Author’s last name, first, initial. (Publication date). Book title.
Additional information. City of publication: Publishing company.
Example
Garcia, M. (1994). The Mango Tree. Manila: Liwanag.
1.2. Two Authors
Example
Dorn, L.J. & Soffos, C. (2005). Teaching for Deep
Comprehension. Maine: Stenhouse Publishers.
1.3. Several Authors
Example
Lauengco, A., et.al. (1999). English CV for High School (3rd ed.).
Makati: Bookmark Inc.
2. Encyclopedia
Structure: Author’s name. (Year Published). (Article Title). Name of
Encyclopedia. Volume, pages. City of Publication: Publishing
Company.
“Topic Title.” Name of Entire Encyclopedia. Year of Publication.
Volume, page(s).
Example without author & with author
“Helium”. (2006). The World Book Encyclopedia. 6, 98-107.
Helms, R. (1995). “Electric Light”. World Book Encyclopedia.
3. Magazine Article
Structure: Author’s name. (Year, Month Published). “Article Title”. Periodic
Titles.
Author if available. “Title of Article”. Periodical Title. Date. Volume
number, Page.
Example
Cometa, S. (2007, January). “Studying Chinese”. Education
Weekly. 8, 12-13.
4. Journal
Structure: Author. (Year Published). “Article Title”. Journal Title. Volume,
Issue No. Publication date. Journal page numbers.
Example
Seals, D.R. (2009).” Habitual exercise and vascular ageing”. The
Journal of Physiology.587, 23. 5541-5549.
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5.Newspaper
Name of the Author. Year, Month, Day Published. “Article Title.”
Newspaper Title [City], page numbers.
Example
Cortez, A. (2005, July 7). “Dealing with Insomnia”. Philippine Star. pp.
A2.
6. Person Interviewed
Name of person interviewed. Type of interview. Date of interview.
Example
Soriano, A. (2008, April 5). Email interview.
7. World Wide Web
Author(s). "Title of Specific Page." Title of Website, Publisher, date of
publication, url.
Example
Mendeley, J.A. (2017, January 16). How and when to reference.
Retrieved from https://www.howandwhentoreference.com