OBLATES OF ST.

JOSEPH SCHOOLS

Don Antonio de Zuzuarregui, Sr. Memorial Academy,

Incorporated (DAZSMA, Inc.)

Barangay Inarawan, Antipolo City

CATHOLIC SCHOOL

Tel. No.: 8452 - 3116

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA SOAP IN TREATING GRADE 12

STUDENTS WHO HAVE WOUNDS AND SKIN INFECTIONS IN DAZSMA

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Integrated Basic

Education Department-Senior High School
Don Antonio de Zuzuarregui, Sr. Memorial Academy, Inc.
City of Antipolo

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Subject Senior High School Inquiries,
Investigation, and Immersion

Presented by:
Corine Allysa Constantino
Alexandra Jessel Miranda
Lois Azeana Sanao
Charmaine Lyn Trijo

12 STEM 2 St. Augustine of Hippo

Presented to:
Ms. Glazel Boongaling, LPT

2022
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This study includes the background of the study; conceptual framework; research
hypothesis; statement of the problem; definition of terms; significance of the study; and
scope and limitations that will guide the researchers throughout this chapter.

Introduction

According to Arcilla et al. (2018), one of the most essential things that are needed in
every person’s daily life is soap, which is relevant today, especially for those who have
wounds and skin infections. We are all aware that many people today produce or purchase
soap that can be used to cure many kinds of wounds, specifically if the soap is herbal or
organic. As stated by Brant (2020), because it contains natural ingredients as compared to
commercial soap, which can cause an adverse reaction in our skin, it can not only treat
wounds but also prevent skin harshness.

It is still recommended to use organic soap because it is much healthier, gentler on the
skin, and last but not least, it is eco-friendly, even though it might also create a reaction
depending on the user's complexion or skin type.

Background of the study

Mwende (2017) states that soap can be a chemical substance or a combination of

chemical substances resulting from the interaction of fatty acids or fatty glycosides with
an organic base. The most commonly used metals in making soap are potassium and
sodium. The classification of soap will define its quality by authenticity, pureness,
information, and other physical, chemical, and biographical properties or method of
working. In addition to being lubricants, soaps may contain compounds that kill off
microorganisms based on the study of Hodgson (2015, as cited in Arcilla et al., 2018).
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A website titled History of Soap and Soap Interesting Facts (2017, as cited in Arcilla et
al., 2018), discussed that soapmaking was discovered during an excavation of ancient
Babylon; it began around 2800 B.C. The art of manufacturing soap was first perfected by
the Babylonians. They used ash-boiling fats to create soap. Since at least 5000 BC, soap
has been used both medicinally and for cleaning wool and cotton used in the production
of textiles. Additionally, soap was named after Mount Sapo, which is located near Rome.
The Latin term "sapo" means "soap."

Also, one of the significant processes in making soap is called saponification. In the
research by Vilda et al. (2018), triglycerides are mixed with a strong base during the
saponification process to create fatty acid metal salts for the soap-making process, which
is the basis of the main idea of the whole study. The same procedure would apply to this
investigation as it progressed through the experiments.

In 2020, Alhat et al. noted that Psidium guajava L. is a medicinal plant indigenous to
South America. It is commonly referred to as "guava" (family: Myrtaceae) and has a long
history of use as a medicine in many parts of the world. Guava is one of the beneficial
fruits that provides plenty of health benefits. The leaves are a potent type of herb as well
and can cure almost any kind of wound or skin infection. "Most tropical countries now
employ it as one of the most popular ancient medical practices for treating a variety of
illnesses." (Dasigan et al., 2016). Moreover, Biswas et al. (2013) mentioned that the
guava leaf contains bioactive substances that can regulate blood glucose levels, fight
infections, and even help with weight loss. A group of fixed compounds, including cineol,
tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids, resin, eugenol, malic acid, fat, cellulose, chlorophyll, and
mineral salts, are present in the essential oil found in guava leaves. It is essential to
understand the mixture of guava soap in order to determine the efficiency of guava soap
utilizing the leaves extract in this research.

According to a study by Dasigan et al. (2016), a wound is a typical kind of injury that will
be encountered accidentally and depends on our daily life activities. The injury is
categorized into two different types. If you have been injured by accidentally cutting
yourself with a sharp object, then it’s called an "open or external wound". Blood will
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come out of the cut due to the bodily tissue being broken. When you strike yourself hard
with a hard object by accident, you could sustain internal injuries. It was discovered that
guava leaves are also quite good at reducing uterine inflammation, in addition to wound
infections. It works wonders by accelerating the healing process of the wounds. The
second type of injury is a "close or internal wound" when there’s no breakage of body
tissue that is involved. Internal wounds are often acquired once you accidentally hit
yourself hard with a tough object. It is also more commonly referred to as a "bruise".
People have learned about the healing properties of guava leaves in tropical countries
where guava trees are frequently present in the environment. Apart from wound
infections, researchers also found that guava leaves are highly effective in reducing
inflammation of the uterus. It works wonders by accelerating the healing process of the
wounds.

Skin infection is when bacteria infect the skin and, occasionally, the deep tissue under the
skin. Redness, swelling, and discomfort are symptoms of the common skin infection
known as "cellulitis" in the infected area of the skin. Another type of skin infection is a
“skin abscess," which is a blood accumulation under the skin. Additionally, it may take
place if your immune system has been compromised by another illness or medical
procedure. The symptoms depend on the type of infection. Rashes, swelling, redness,
discomfort, and itching are among the symptoms of skin infections, according to the CDC
Organization (2017). With this information, researchers will identify what type of skin
infection might have affected the respondents.

The researchers aim to develop a solution that would assist the Grade 12 students at Don
Antonio De Zuzuarregui in treating various types of wounds and skin infections that they
encounter throughout the course of their everyday activities. To develop this product, we
considered using a herbal ingredient like guava leaf extract because it has the advantage
of curing or preventing any type of skin problems and also provides comfort and healing.
Thus, the researchers are promoting this product to Grade 12 students so that they can use
it to cure their wounds or skin infections if they have any skin issues since the researchers
want to determine the effectiveness of guava soap.
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Conceptual Framework

This study has undertaken a system wherein there are systems of three (3) frames
composed. The diagram represents the IPO (input, process, and output) of our study. The
input box contains the demographic profile of the correspondent that states the academic
track of the respondent, what type of wound his/her has, and what type of skin disease
his/her has.
To be able to know the effectiveness of guava soap, there will be an experiment and the
researchers will conduct direct observation as a tool in knowing the effectiveness of
guava soap in treating wounds and skin diseases. After a month/s of direct observation,
the researchers will gather all the data and information to have a conclusion on our study,
so the researchers will know if we can obtain the results on our output.

INPUT
1.Demographic Profile:
Academic Strand
Type of Wounds
Type of Skin Disease

PROCESS
The researchers will
gather data through
direct observation and
interviews.

OUTPUT
The research was made to:
Determine the effectiveness of
Guava Soap in treating wounds
and skin diseases.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the effectiveness of guava soap in treating wounds

and skin diseases.
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Research Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis: This product does not provide any anti-bacterial protection compared to
any other research about soap.
Alternative Hypothesis: The guava leaf extract is rich in vitamin C and helps to treat
students’ wounds and akin infections.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of guava soap in treating
wounds and skin diseases among the grade twelve (12) students of Don Antonio de
Zuzuareggui, Sr. Memorial Academy. Its data will be collected through direct observation
and interviews.
The following research questions were formulated to determine the effectiveness of the
guava soap:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following?

1.1 Academic Strand
1.2 Types of Wounds
1.3 Types of Skin disease
2. What is the importance of using guava soap in terms of?
2.1 Bathing soap
2.2 Treating wounds and skin diseases
3. How can the researchers prove that this product is effective in terms of?
3.1 Results
3.2 Ingredients
3.3 Safeness
4. How long do you need to use it to see results in terms of?
4.1 Days/Weeks
4.2 Time
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5. Is it possible to make soap from an extract of guava leaves that can treat
wounds and skin infections?

Definition of Terms

● Lubricant. A substance used for lubricating an engine or component, such as oil

or gas.
● Saponification. Turn (fat or oil) into soap by reacting with an alkali.
● Tannin. A yellowish or brownish, bitter-tasting organic substance is present in
some galls, barks, and other plant tissues.
● Cellulose. An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls.
● Triterpene. Any of a group of terpenes found in plant gums and resins.
● Organic Base. Is an organic compound that acts as a base and is usually, but not
always, a proton acceptor.

Significance of the Study

The researchers intend that this analysis will expand their knowledge and provide some
information and benefits to students, workers, and especially future researchers, since the
study aims to determine how effective Guava soap is in treating wounds and skin
infections for Grade twelve (12) students at DAZSMA.
This study primarily aimed to identify the effectiveness of Guava soap to Grade twelve
(12) students at DAZSMA. The results of this study will benefit the following:
● Respondents. The respondents will be able to have a product for them to use in
treating their wounds and skin diseases. The study's results will help them treat
themselves or give themselves first aid when an accident happens.
● Parents. The result of the study informs parents about how effective guava soap
is. Also, they will feel relieved knowing their daughter/ son can treat themselves
in case of an emergency.
● Workers. This study will aid workers in determining whether there are
significant effects of guava soap in treating wounds and skin infections. It will
also enable them to use the product to treat their wounds and skin diseases.
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● Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as reference material
and a guide for future researchers who want to conduct the same study or any
study related to formulating a guava soap. This is also to determine the other ideas
they can include in this study and further expand the information stated in it.

Scope and Limitations

The researchers limit the scope of the study by focusing on the efficiency of guava soap,
which is made from guava leaf extract, that will be used to heal wounds and skin
infections in treating Grade 12 students at Dazsma. The researchers will collect all the
possible and necessary information justifying the effects of guava soap. Skin conditions
have become common in the past few days. According to the World Health
Organization(2020), the total number of deaths has reached 0.63% while the age-adjusted
death rate is 6.88% because of skin diseases in the Philippines. Furthermore, this research
focuses on treating people who have skin conditions, wounds, and skin infections such as
Cellulitis, which can cause redness, swelling, and pain in the infected area of the skin,
skin abscesses, and itchiness. This product will help their skin heal faster and give their
skin a smooth texture. The researchers will conduct this research for the whole semester
and will observe the changes in students of each strand in Grade 12 who have skin
infections and wounds during the experiment.
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References

[1]Alhat, S., Rao, P., & Dukre, T. (2020). A review on biological potential of psidium
gujava, coriander sativum, carum carvi. PDF Viewer Online.
https://bit.ly/3M17XS7

[2]Arcilla, C. K., Barruga, W., & Cordial. (2018).

An_Experimental_Research_on_Making_a_Soap.docx. Google Docs.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/17ZlGX9T5e6a8lHkdE2hcgG2BbzVAeEtl/
edit

[3]Biswas, B., Rogers, K., McLaughlin, F., Daniels, D., & Yadav, A. (2013).
Antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of guava (psidium guajavaL.) on two Gram-
Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria. PDF Viewer Online. https://bit.ly/3y3k3o4
[4]Brant, M. (2021). Why Natural soap is better than Commercial Soap? Mike’s
Extraordinary Soap. https://bit.ly/3rruHBu
[5]Dasigan, Y., Regidor, E. M., & Tomatao, T. K. (2016). The utilization of guava
(Psidium guajava linn.) leaves extract in treating wounds. Google Docs.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KqVHnBbqRaHcDN5KGiu5eTDGR_p_U08
W/edit
[6]History of Soap and Soap Interesting Facts. (2017). Soap History.
http://www.soaphistory.net/

[7]Hodgson, T. (2015). Hygiene: How important is soap to handwashing [Online forum

comment]. Message posted to https://www.quora.com/Hygiene-How-important-is-
soap-to-handwashing

[8]Mwende, E. (2017). Production of antiseptic soap from Psidium guajava Linn leaf
extract. PDF Viewer Online. https://bit.ly/3C1ciAk

[9]CDC Organization. (2021). Skin infections. CDC 24/7 Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/about.html
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[10]Vidal, N. P., Adigun, O. A., Pham, T. H., Mumtaz, A., Mumtaz, C., Callahan, G.,
Stewart, P., Keough, D., & Thomas, R. H. (2018). The effects of cold saponification
on the unsaponified fatty acid composition and sensory perception of commercial
natural herbal soaps. PubMed Central (PMC).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6225244/

[11]World Health Organization. (2020). Skin Disease in the Philippines. World Life
Expectancy .https://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/philippines-skin-disease