Unit Hydrograph Derivation from Simple Storm 4500

CATCHMENT AREA(sqm) 5870000000

4000

3500
Average
in cm Rainfall over Basin in mm
3 to 6 1.453 0.67 0.783
6 to 9 2.231 0.67 1.561 3000
3.097
9 to 12 3.097 0.67 2.427

Flow in cumec
12 to 15 2.231
2.128 0.67 1.458 2.128 2500
1.453
Ttoal Rainfall 8.909 6.229 2000

1500

3 to 6 Duration
6 toof9Rainfall in hrs.
9 toRainfall
12 begins at
123AM
to 15 1000

500
TIME Flood Hydrograph Baseflow DRH UH
3:00 87 87 0 0 0
9:00 155 87 68 11 3:00 9:00 15:00 21:00 3:0
15:00 2912 87 2825 454
21:00 3774 87 3687 592
3:00 4283 87 4196 674
9:00 2467 87 2380 382
15:00 1492 87 1405 226
21:00 791 87 704 113
3:00 613 87 526 84
9:00 486 87 399 64
15:00 370 87 283 45
21:00 285 87 198 32
3:00 204 87 117 19
9:00 165 87 78 13
15:00 130 87 43 7
21:00 102 87 15 2
4500

4000

3500
Flood Hydrograph
3000 Base Flow
DRH
2500
Unit Hydrograph

2000

1500

1000

500

0
3:00 9:00 15:00 21:00 3:00 9:00 15:00 21:00 3:00 9:00 15:00 21:00 3:00 9:00 15:00 21:00

Volume of DRH = 365558400 58700000

Rainfall Excess in cm = 6.23
Total loss in cm = 2.68
Single Peak Storm Assignment

CATCHMENT AREA(sqm) 5870000000

in cm effective
3 to 6 1.453
6 to 9 2.231
9 to 12 3.097
12 to 15 2.128

Ttoal Rainfall
loss
TIME FH in cumec base flow DRH UH
3 87 87
9 155 87
15 2912 87
21 3774 87
3 4283 87
9 2467 87
15 1492 87
21 791 87
3 613 87
9 486 87
15 370 87
21 285 87
3 204 87
9 165 87
15 130 87
21 102 87

Effective Runoff

What is duration of UH ?
 DERIVATION BY MATRIX METHOD
n= 13
m= 3
n-m+1= 11 [U] = P-1 [Q]
eff rainfall P1 = 0.5
P2 = 1.2
P3 = 0.9

Q matrix P Matrix
Q1= 5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q2= 35 1.2 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q3= 90 0.9 1.2 0.5 0 0 0 0 0
Q4= 203 0 0.9 1.2 0.5 0 0 0 0
Q5= 816 0 0 0.9 1.2 0.5 0 0 0
Q6= 1602 0 0 0 0.9 1.2 0.5 0 0
Q7= 1138 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.2 0.5 0
Q8= 302 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.2 0.5
Q9= 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 1.2
Q10= 158 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9
Q11= 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Q12= 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q13= 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alternative approach
Inverse of P matrix

2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-2.7 -6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
18.8 -2.7 -6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0 0.0
-40.3 18.8 -2.7 -6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0 0.0
62.8 -40.3 18.8 -2.7 -6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8 2.0
-78.2 62.8 -40.3 18.8 -2.7 -6.8 10.6 -10.4 7.9 -4.8
 1. Convolution of UH in the event of rainfall excess is mathemati
MATRIX METHOD Q = P * U.
2. A reverse process of convolution is to estimate UH ordinates
for UH ordinates, above equation is multiplied with P -1 on eithe
P-1 * Q = P-1 * P * U, we kno
P-1 * Q = I * U = U
3. According to this equation, we must first determine inverse m
4. With assumption that participants can prepare Q (11 rows & 1
alternative approach to find out UH ordinates is presented also p
5. First define the inverse of P matrix.
a. First select cell A28, type in formula bar =minverse(c10:m
U matrix UH ordinates 2.
0 0 0 U1 10 b. highlight cell range A28 to K38. This is 11 rows by 11 colu
same size, i.e. 11 by 11.
0 0 0 U2 46 c. Now, press F2 button. Then, while holding down Ctrl + Sh
0 0 0 U3 52 cells of inverse of P matrix. This matrix is P -1 , and product of this
0 0 0 U4 199 6. Select P28 cell, and type =mmult(A28:K38,M28:M38) in form
highlight P28 to P38, and follow instructions of 5.c above. This st
0 0 0 U5 1061
0 0 0 U6 300
0 0 0 U7 -352
0 0 0 U8 910
0.5 0 0 U9 -1000
1.2 0.5 0 U10 1078
0.9 1.2 0.5 U11 -657

0 0.9 1.2
0 0 0.9

Q matrix U matrix

0.0 5 U1 10
0.0 35 U2 46
0.0 90 U3 51.6
0.0 203 U4 199.36
0.0 816 U5 1060.656
0.0 1602 U6 299.5776
0.0 1138 U7 -352.167
0.0 302 U8 909.9612
0.0 275 U9 -1000.01
0.0 158 U10 1078.085
2.0 65 U11 -657.392
 rainfall excess is mathematically defined with an equation(in matrix form),
Q = P * U.
s to estimate UH ordinates with known rainfall excesses and run-off ordinates. To solve
multiplied with P -1 on either side, i.e.
* Q = P-1 * P * U, we know P-1 * P = I (unit matrix)
1
*Q = I*U =U
st first determine inverse matrix of P, i.e. P -1 , and then multiply it with Q matrix.
can prepare Q (11 rows & 1 column) & P (11rows & 11 columns) matrices with ease, an
ordinates is presented also presented here.
.
rmula bar =minverse(c10:m20) ; and press enter. This will fill this cell with a value of

8. This is 11 rows by 11 columns cell range. This is because P & its inverse will be of

while holding down Ctrl + Shift button together, press Enter. This will fill in all 11 by 11
ix is P -1 , and product of this matrix and Q matrix will generate UH.
A28:K38,M28:M38) in formula bar, and press Enter. This returns 10 in this cell. Now
uctions of 5.c above. This step will show up UH ordinates.
 DERIVATION BY MATRIX METHOD
n=
m=
n-m+1=
eff rainfall 1.06
1.93
1.81

u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
u6
u7
u8
u9
= Q1 428
= Q2 1923
= Q3 5297
= Q4 9131
= Q5 10625
= Q6 7834
= Q7 3921
= Q8 1846
= Q9 1402
Q10 830
Q11 313
 DERIVATION BY COLLINS METHOD
CATCHMENT AREA 8570 sqkm EFFECTIVE RAINFALL 0 TO 3
in mm 2.4

1 step 3 step 4 step 7 step 5 step

TIME DRH UH1 Corrected UH DUE TO 2.4 due to 5.6 DUE TO 3.0
0 0 0 0 0
3 35 3 3 8 0
6 240 22 22 53 187 0
9 675 61 62 149 516 10
12 1140 104 105 251 823 66
15 1375 125 126 303 886 186
18 1345 122 124 297 734 314
21 1145 104 105 252 514 379
0 890 81 82 196 323 371
3 645 59 59 142 187 316
6 445 41 41 98 102 245
9 290 26 27 64 48 178
12 190 17 17 42 25 123
15 110 10 10 24 6 80
18 70 6 6 16 2 52
21 33 3 3 7 0 30
0 10 1 1 2 0 19
3 0 0 0 0 0 9
0 3
2 step 0 0
785.4 793.5
Ordinates of UH 793.5

2nd Trial
TIME DRH UH3 DUE TO 2.4 due to 5.6 DUE TO 3.0 total of
0 0 0 0 0
3 35 19 45 0 45
6 240 59 141 99 0 141
9 675 107 256 362 57 313
12 1140 134 321 643 176 497
15 1375 130 312 742 320 633
18 1345 108 260 684 401 661
21 1145 82 196 559 390 586
0 890 58 138 427 325 463
3 645 38 92 308 245 337
6 445 25 59 213 173 232
9 290 15 37 137 115 153
12 190 9 22 94 74 96
15 110 5 12 51 46 59
18 70 3 8 35 27 35
21 33 1 4 0 15 19
0 10 0 1 0 10 11
3 0 0 0 0 4 4
0 0 1 1
0 0 0
794
3rd Trial
TIME DRH UH5 DUE TO 2.4 due to 5.6 DUE TO 3.0 total of
0 0 0 0 0
3 35 18 44 0 44
6 240 62 150 90 0 150
9 675 112 269 350 55 325
12 1140 134 323 630 187 510
15 1375 127 306 733 336 642
18 1345 105 252 690 403 655
21 1145 80 191 572 382 573
0 890 57 136 439 315 451
3 645 39 93 313 239 332
6 445 25 60 215 170 230
9 290 16 39 135 116 155
12 190 9 22 93 74 97
15 110 6 14 47 49 63
18 70 2 4 39 28 31
21 33 1 2 0 17 19
0 10 0 1 0 5 5
3 0 0 0 0 2 2
0 0 1 1
0 0 0
794
 1.Participants must follow the series of ste
3 TO 6 6 TO 9 TOTAL sheet to attempt this exercise successfully
5.6 3 11 particular method in the Module is also eq
2. Use of comments iserted for a number
6 step 8 step 9 step 10 step quite helpful.
(2.4+3.0) cal UH UH2 WEIGHTED AV=UH3
0
8 0 0 0
53 33 34 19
159 92 94 59
317 147 150 107
489 158 161 134
611 131 134 130
631 92 94 108
567 58 59 82
458 33 34 58
343 18 19 38
242 9 9 25
165 5 5 15
104 1 1 9
68 0 0 5
38 0 0 3
22 0 0 1
9 0 0 0
3 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
777 794 794

cal UH UH4 WEIGHTED AV=UH5

0 0 0
18 18 18
65 66 62
115 117 112
133 135 134
122 125 127
100 102 105
76 78 80
55 56 57
38 39 39
25 25 25
17 17 16
9 9 9
6 6 6
0 0 2
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
778 794 794
cal UH UH6 WEIGHTED AV=UH7

0 0 0
16 16 17
63 64 63
113 115 114
131 134 134
123 126 127
102 104 105
78 80 80
56 57 57
38 39 39
24 25 25
17 17 17
8 9 9
7 7 6
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
776 794 794
12

10

0
must follow the series of steps shown on this
t this exercise successfully. A good read of this
od in the Module is also equally important.
ents iserted for a number of cells will also be
 DERIVATION BY COLLINS METHOD
sqkm
CATCHMENT AREA 8570 EFFECTIVE RAINFAL 0 TO 3 3TO 6 6 TO 9 TOTAL
(DRH in cumec) in mm 2.4 5.6 3 11

TIME DRH
0 0
3 35
6 240
9 675
12 1140
15 1375
18 1345
21 1145
0 890
3 645
6 445
9 290
12 190
15 110
18 70
21 33
0 10
3 0
 UH by CLARK METHOD
AREA in sqkm 810 C= 0.1694915254
K= 5.4 tc = 6
300
TIME Area I C*I OUTFLOW SHIFT BY 1 HR 1HR UH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 0 250
1 78 217 37 37 0 18
2 142 395 67 97 37 67 200
3 185 514 87 168 97 133
4 185 514 87 227 168 197
150
5 109 303 51 240 243 241
6 78 217 37 236 253 244
7 196 247 221 100
8 163 205 184
9 135 170 153 50
10 112 141 127
11 93 117 105 0
12 77 98 87 0 1 2 3 4 5
13 64 81 73
14 53 67 60
15 44 56 50
16 37 46 42
17 31 39 35
18 32 16
19 0
 UH by Clark method
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
 UH by CLARK METHOD
AREA in s 810
K= 5.4

TIME area
0 0
1 78
2 142
3 185
4 185
5 109
6 78
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19