Counseling 

– For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science

wherein you endeavor to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the
counseling process.
     As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a
flexible and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the
approach to meet the developing needs of the clients.
     As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the
counseling process.
     In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is
distressed asks for help and permit another person to enter into a kind
of connection with him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in
search of counseling requests for time and attention from person who
will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will not condemn
and criticize him/her.
     Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as
presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
     Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and
counseling is the profession that implicates the application of “ an
integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual
“ through the provision of support that aids an individual to use his/her
potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest , needs and
abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015).
     At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in
Pittsburgh in March 2010, the representatives come to an agreement
on a mutual definition of counseling. They agreed that counseling is a
professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families
and group to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals (Kaplan, Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).

Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group, organizational and

community success
-Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell
(2003), which are as follows:

1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and
development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different
activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing, thinking, and
feeling is fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good
health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning
emotional control, and developing positive self – concept.
The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the
above goals.

Goal Description
Understanding of the origins and
development of emotional difficulties ,
Insight
leading to an increased capacity to take
rational control over feelings and actions
Becoming better able to form and
maintain meaningful and satisfying
Relating with others
relationships with other people : for
example , within the family or workplace
Becoming more aware of thoughts and
feelings that had been blocked off or
Self- awareness
denied, or developing a more accurate
sense of how self is perceived by others.
The development of a positive attitude
toward self, marked by an ability to
Self- acceptance acknowledge areas of experience that
had been the subject of self- criticism and
rejection
Moving in the direction of fulfilling
Self – actualization potential or achieving an integration of
previously conflicting parts of self.
Assisting the client to arrive at a higher
Enlightenment
state of spiritual awakening
Finding a solution to a specific problem
that the client had not been able to
Problem- Solving
resolve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem – solving
Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas and
techniques with which to understand and
 control behavior
Learning and mastering social and
interpersonal skills such as maintenance
Acquisition of Social Skills
of eye contact , turn taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control
The modification or replacement of
irrational beliefs or mal adaptive thought
Cognitive change
patterns associated with self- destructive
behavior
The modification or replacement of
Behavior change maladaptive or self- destructive patterns
of behavior.
Introducing change into the way in that
Systematic change
social systems operate
Working on skills , awareness, and
Empowerment knowledge that will enable to client to
take control of his or her own life
Helping the client to make amends for
Restitution
previous destructive behavior
Inspiring in the person a desire and
capacity to care for others and pass on
Generality knowledge and to contribute to the
collective good through political
engagement

Scope of Counseling
   The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling.
Broadly, the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital
counseling, family counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject
matter related to scope of counseling is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice foe Licensed
Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and responsibilities of licensed
counselors including the following:
 
 
 Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations
1.    Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public
compromising of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures
to assist individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
2.    “apply clinical counseling principles, methods , and procedures “, means an approach
to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients
through all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions , exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
emotional adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal,
consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.
3.    Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under
the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists,
independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social worker.
4.     Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees when
services are within their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the
diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders.
 

 
 
 
Core Values- is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on
other organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as
standards that shape the members behavior in their interaction with their clients and
other people.
According to Mcleod (2003) ,the founders of humanistic psychology, including Maslows
and Rogers ,highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:
 

Ethical Principles  These are the ideas that underpin both

personal and professional codes.
1.    Autonomy of individuals
  Is based on the right to freedom
of action and freedom of choice
in so far as the pursuit of these
freedom does not interfere with
 the freedom of others ;
counseling cannot happen
unless the client has made a
free choice to participate
 
2.    Principle of Non maleficence
  This refers to instruction to all
helpers or healers that they
must ,above all, do no harm;
  Beneficence refers to the order
to promote human welfare
 
3.    Principle of Justice
  Concerned with the fair
distribution of resources and
services , unless there is some
acceptable reason for treating
them differently
  For counseling , the principle
has particular relevance to the
question access
 
  The BACP Ethical Framework for Good
Practice , drawing on virtues perspective also
identified a set of personal qualities that all
General Moral Theories practitioners should possess: empathy,
sincerity, integrity, resilience, respect,
humility, competence, fairness, wisdom and
courage