Sound

Strand 5

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Strand Outlines
1. Speed of sound in different media
2. Tone and note
3. Music and noise
4. Reflection of Sound.

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Important Points
➢ The speed of sound depends on the
properties of the medium through
which it travels.
➢ The speed of sound in a medium
depends on temperature of the
medium.
➢ The speed of sound decreases
when we go from solid to gaseous
state. The speed of sound is
maximum is solids whereas it is
least in the gases. It can clearly be
seen the table given.
NO need to memorise the table 3
Tone and note
Tone-A sound of single frequency is called a tone.

Note-The sound which is produced due to a mixture of several frequencies is

called a note and is pleasant to listen to.

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Music and noise
Music- Sounds that are pleasant to
hear and the frequency and
amplitude follow a pattern.
Intermixing of sound waves of
different frequencies and amplitude
in a rhythmic manner is called music

Noise- Sounds that are unpleasant

to hear as there are abrupt changes
in frequency and amplitude.
Intermixing of sound waves of
different frequencies and amplitude
in an un-rhythmic manner is called
music. 5
Reflection of Sound
The bouncing back of
sound after striking a
surface is called
reflection of sound.

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 Laws of Reflection of Sound.
1. The angle of incidence
is always equal to the
angle of reflection.
2. The incident wave, the
normal at the point of
incidence and the
reflected wave all lie in
the same plane.

Image Credits https://www.aplustopper.com/analysing-reflection-waves/ 7

Echo-The reflected sound is referred to as an echo or echo is the
repetition of sound due to reflection of sound waves back towards the
source once.
Conditions necessary for echo to be heard:

● An obstacle of large size which may be polished or rough is needed for

the reflection of sound waves(obstacle should not be porous)
● To hear a distinct echo the time interval between the original sound and
the reflected one must be at least 0.1s.
● Intensity of sound should be sufficient so that the sound reaching the
ear is audible.
● Original sound should be of short duration.

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Numerical - Example on echo
Q. If the sound is travelling at the speed of 344m/s what should be the minimum
distance between the source and the obstacle to hear a distinct echo?
A. To hear a distinct echo , the original sound and its echo should be having time
gap of at least 0.1 s
v=344m/s and t= 0.1 s
Since v=distance /time
Distance= speed x time = 344m/s x 0.1 s= 34.4 m .
It should be kept in mind that 34.4 m is total distance travelled by sound from
the source to the obstacle and back.If the distance separating the source and
obstacle is ‘s’ , then 2s=34.4 m or d=17.2m

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Questions:

1. We get an echo in a small room. Why?

2. The multiple reflection of sound in a hall is called __________________

3. What is an echo?What is the minimum distance of the source from the
reflecting surface to hear a distinct echo?
4. When a sound is reflected from a distant object, an echo is produced. Let the
distance between the reflecting surface and the source of sound production
remains the same. Do you hear echo of sound on a hotter day?

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Bibliography
Image - slide 7 https://www.aplustopper.com/analysing-reflection-waves/

Image slide 10 http://olevelphysicsblog.blogspot.com/search/label/Unit%2015%20%3A%20Sound

Video Slide 4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxHctJZflh8#action=share

Video Slide 5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFbwPzACEWw&feature=youtu.be

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