Anatomy practical models

notesUrinary system

Student Name:

ID:

Section number:

Semester/year:

1
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

LABORATORY EXERCISE 1

BODY ORGANIZATION
AND TERMINOLOGY

MATERIALS NEEDED PROCEDURE A—BODY CAVITIES

AND MEMBRANES
textbook
dissectible torso (manikin) 1. Review a textbook section on body cavities and
variety of specimens or models sectioned along various thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes.
planes 2. As a review activity, label figures 2.1, 2.2,
For Optional Activity: and 2.3.
3. Locate the following features on textbook figures
colored pencils
and on the dissectible torso:
dorsal cavity

T he major features of the human body include cer-

tain cavities, a set of membranes associated with
these cavities, and a group of organ systems composed
cranial cavity
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
of related organs. In order to communicate effectively
with each other about the body, scientists have devised ventral cavity
names to describe these body features. They also have thoracic cavity
developed terms to represent the relative positions of
body parts, imaginary planes passing through these mediastinum
parts, and body regions. pleural cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
PURPOSE OF THE EXERCISE
abdominal cavity
To review the organizational pattern of the human
body, to review its organ systems and the organs in- pelvic cavity
cluded in each system, and to become acquainted with diaphragm
the terms used to describe the relative position of body
parts, body sections, and body regions. smaller cavities within the head
oral cavity
LEARNING OBJECTIVES nasal cavity with connected sinuses
After completing this exercise, you should be able to
orbital cavity
1. locate and name the major body cavities and
middle ear cavity
identify the membranes associated with each
cavity; membranes and cavities
2. name the organ systems of the human organism;
pleural cavity
3. list the organs included within each system and
locate the organs in a dissectible torso; parietal pleura
4. describe the general functions of each system;
visceral pleura
5. define the terms used to describe the relative
positions of body parts; pericardial cavity
6. define the terms used to identify body sections and
parietal pericardium (covered by fibrous
identify the plane along which a particular
pericardium)
specimen is cut;
7. define the terms used to identify body regions. visceral pericardium (epicardium)

2
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

peritoneal cavity thymus gland

parietal peritoneum spleen
visceral peritoneum digestive system
mouth
tongue
PROCEDURE B—ORGAN SYSTEMS teeth
1. Review a textbook section on organ systems.
salivary glands
2. Use textbook figures and the dissectible torso to
locate the following organs: pharynx
integumentary system esophagus
skin stomach
accessory organs such as hair and nails liver
skeletal system gallbladder
bones pancreas
ligaments small intestine
muscular system large intestine
skeletal muscles respiratory system
tendons nasal cavity
nervous system pharynx
brain larynx
spinal cord trachea
nerves bronchi
endocrine system lungs
pituitary gland urinary system
thyroid gland kidneys
parathyroid glands ureters
adrenal glands urinary bladder
pancreas urethra
ovaries male reproductive system
testes scrotum
pineal gland testes
thymus gland penis
cardiovascular system urethra
heart female reproductive system
arteries ovaries
veins uterine tubes (oviducts; fallopian tubes)
lymphatic system uterus
lymphatic vessels vagina
lymph nodes

3
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Figure 2.1 Label the major body cavities.

Carinal
5
(cavity)

Thoracic
1 Dorsal
(cavity) cavity

Diaphragm

Ventral
cavity Abdominal
2
(cavity) Spinal
6
Abdominopelvic (canal or cavity)
3
(cavity)

Pelvic
4
(cavity)

Figure 2.2 Label the smaller cavities and sinuses within the head.

sinuses 1.
orbital cavity
2.
sinuses
5.

Nasal
3.
6. middle ear cavity
Oral
4.

4
     Fill  in  the  missing  body  cavities  in  this  chart.    

mediastinum
 
Pleural

ventral cavity Heart

Abdominal
abdominopelvic cavity
Pelvic

   
Identify  in  which  body  cavity  each  of  the  following  organs  is  located.     Be  specific!    

A. Heart  _________________________________  
mediastinum   F. Kidneys  _________________________________  
Abdomin  

B. Brain _____________carinal____________________ G. Spinal  cord_________________________________  

Spinal  

C. Liver ______________Abdominal___________________ H. Lungs  _________________________________  

Plural  

D. Bladder  _________________________________  
Pelvic   I. Rectum  _________________________________  
pelvic  

E. Esophagus_________________________________  
mediastinum   J. Stomach ___________Abdominal______________________

5
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Figure 2.4 Label (a) the regions and (b) the quadrants of the abdominal area.

Liver 1
galblader 6
transvers colon
2

7
descending colon
ascending colon
3
small intestines 4
8
segmoid
5
9 rectum

Liver Liver
Stomach Stomach
transvers

ascending descending
Small intestine

small intestine sigmoid

cecum bladder

6
Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Trasvers Coronal
Trasvers Sagetal

7
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Laboratory Report Name

2 Date
Section

BODY ORGANIZATION
AND TERMINOLOGY

Part A
Match the body cavities in column A with the organs contained in the cavities in column B. Place the letter of your
choice in the space provided.
Column A Column B
a. abdominal cavity a 1. liver
b. cranial cavity
g 2. lungs
c. middle ear cavity
d. oral cavity a 3. spleen
e. orbital cavity a 4. stomach
f. pelvic cavity
g. thoracic cavity b 5. brain
h. vertebral canal (spinal cavity) d 6. teeth
a 7. gallbladder
f 8. urinary bladder
e 9. eyes
h 10. spinal cord
a 11. rectum
c 12. ear bones
g 13. heart
g 14. esophagus

8
Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

c
a
g
d
i
j
k
i
h
d
Part D e
ems in column A fwith the organs in column B. Place the letter of your choice in the space

9
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Part E
Indicate if each of the following sentences makes correct or incorrect usage of the word in boldface type (assume
that the body is in the anatomical position). If the sentence is incorrect, supply a term that will make it correct in the
space provided.
1. The mouth is superior to the nose. Inferiors
2. The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm. true
3. The trachea is anterior to the spinal cord. true
4. The larynx is posterior to the esophagus. anterior
5. The heart is medial to the lungs. true
6. The kidneys are inferior to the adrenal glands. true
7. The hand is proximal to the elbow. distal
true
8. The knee is proximal to the ankle.
9. Blood in deep blood vessels gives color to the skin. false
10. A peripheral nerve passes from the spinal cord into the limbs. true
11. The spleen and gallbladder are ipsilateral. contrlateral
12. The dermis is the superficial layer of the skin. deep

10
 Lecture outline
 Epithelium:
1-Simple squamous
2-Simple columnar
3-Stratified squamous keratinized
 Connective tissue:

1-Loose areolar
2-Dense connective tissue
3-Adipose
4-Hyaline cartilage
5-Bone
 Muscle

1-Skeletal muscle
2-smooth muscle
11
 Animal Tissues

Epithelial Tissues

12
Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Squamous Epithelium Bowman’s capsule

13
. Simple Columnar Epithelium

14
Compound epithelia

15
1- Stratified squamous
epithelium
 Keratinized: the epithelium is covered with
keratin layer which is formed by the dead
squamous cells (horny layer) Skin.

16
 Keratinized: Skin
1. Epidermis (Stratified Squamous Epithelium)
2. Dermis

17
18
 Animal Tissues

Connective Tissues

19
Loose areolar C.T.

20
Dense C.T. (Tendon)

21
Adipose C.T.

22
Hyaline Cartilage

23
Bone

24
Animal Tissues

Muscular Tissues

25
Skeletal Muscle Tissue

26
Smooth Muscle Tissue

27
 Anatomy practical models

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. hypodermis
4. Hair papilla
5. Sweat glands
6. sabecous glands
7. Hair shaft
8. Hair bulb

28
 Martin: Human Anatomy 2. Body Organization and
and Physiology Terminology

Figure 2.3 Label the thoracic membranes and cavities in (a) and the abdominopelvic membranes and cavity in (b) as shown in
these superior views of transverse sections.

Posterior

Vertebra

Right lung

Heart

1 4
(cavity)
(cavity) Anterior 5
2
6
3

(a)

Posterior

Kidney
Spleen
Liver

Small intestine

7 Anterior
(cavity)
8

(b)

29
 Anatomy practical models

Skeletal System

Identify this bone: -

Cranium
mandible

Cranium

Mandible

30
 Anatomy practical models

Identify this bone: -

Sternum
Ribs
Cervical vertebra
Lumbar vertebra

Cervical vertebra

Sternum
Ribs

Lumber vertebra

31
 Anatomy practical models

Identify this bone: -

 Clavicle
 Scapula
 Humerus
 Ulna
 Radius
 Carpal bone
 Metacarpal bone
 Phalanges
Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radias

Carpel
Metacrpel

Phalanges

32
 Anatomy practical models

Identify this bone: -

 Sacrum
 Hip bone
 Femur
 Patella
 Tibia
 Fibula
 Tarsal bone
Sacrum
 Metatarsal
Hip bone
 Phalanges

Fumer

Patella

Febula

Tibia

Tarsal

Metatarsel

Phalaenges

33
 Anatomy practical models

Articular cartilage
epiphyses
bone marow

compact
medulla
Diaphysis
yallow marow
periosteum

epiphysis

34
 Anatomy practical models

Cranium
Skull
Faicial

Clavicel

Sternum

ribs

vertebral column
hip bone

carpel bone

metacarpel bone
phalanges

patella

tarsal
metatarsal
phalanges

35
 Anatomy practical models

cervecal veryebra

Scapula

Humerus

ulna

radius sacrum
tail bone

Fumer

febula

tibia

36
 Anatomy practical models

1. Deltoid muscle
2. Pectoralis major
3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
4. Trapezius muscle
5. Biceps brachii
6. Rectus abdominus
7. External oblique
8. Internal oblique

1
2 3

5
6
7 8

37
 Anatomy practical models

1. Gluteus maximus
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Rectus femoris
5. Gastrocnemius muscle

2
4

38
 Anatomy practical models

Respiratory system

The items to be identified:-

1Nasal conchae 5 Oropharynx 8 Larynx

2 Hard palate 6 laryngeopharynx 9 Frontal air sinus
3 Soft palate 7 Tongue 11 Sphenoid air sinus
4 Nasopharynx 7 Epiglottis

1 11

4
2 3

5
7
6

39
 Anatomy practical models

 Thyroid cartilage
 Cricoid cartilage
 Trachea
 Epiglottis
Thyroid Cartilage Epiglottis
 Thyroid gland

Cricoid Cartilage
Thyriod Gland Trachea

1- Upper lobe of left lung

2- Oblique fissure of left lung
3- Lower lobe of left lung
4- Upper lobe of right lung
5- Middle lobe of right lung
6- Lower lobe of right lung
7- Oblique fissure of right lung
8- Horizontal fissure of right lung
9- Diaphragm

1
4

8 2
7 5 9
6 3

40
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

1) Trachea
2) Right bronchus
3) Left bronchus
4) Oesophagus
5) Diaphragm
6) Pulmonary artery
7) Pulmonary veins

6 7

1
2 3
4

41
 Anatomy practical models

Cardiovascular system

The items to be identified:-

1 Right ventricle 6 Inferior vena cava

2 Left ventricle 7 aorta

3 Right atrium 8 Pulmonary trunk

4 Left atrium 9 Superior vena cava

5 Pulmonary veins

9
7
5 8
3
4

6
2
1

42
 Anatomy practical

43
 Anatomy practical models

The items to be identified:-

1 Tricuspid valve (right A-V valve)

2 Mitral valve (left A-V valve)
3 Aortic valve
4 Pulmonary valve

4
1 2
3

44
 Anatomy practical portfolio

1 Aorta
2 Common iliac artery
3 External iliac artery
4 Internal iliac artery
5 Femoral artery

1
4
3 2

45
 Anatomy practical models

Digestive system

46
 Anatomy practical models

Salivary glands:-
 Parotid
 Sublingual
 Submandibular

47
 Anatomy practical models

Stomach
The items to be identified:-

 Cardia  Pyloric sphincter

 Fundus  Greater curvature
 Body  Lesser curvature
 Pyloric antrum, canal  Abdominal part of esophagus

48
 Anatomy practical models

The items to be identified:-

 Right lobe (large)  Caudate lobe

 Left lobe (small)  inferior vena cava
 Quadrate lobe  Gall bladder
 gall bladder

49
 Anatomy practical models

The items to be identified:-

 Head of pancreas
 Neck of pancreas
 Body of pancreas
 Tail of pancreas
 Duodenum

50
 Anatomy practical models

The items to be identified:-

 Cecum  Descending colon

 Appendix  Sigmoid colon
 Ascending colon  Small intestine (ileum)
 Transverse colon  Pancreas Right Colic Flexure
Left Colic Flexure

51
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

Urinary System

The items to be identified:-

1 Kidney 4 Inferior vena cava 7 Adrenal gland

2 ureter 5 Renal artery
3 Aorta 6 Renal vein 8 Spleen

3
5

6 4 7 8
1
2

52
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

Urinary System

Cortex Minor calycx Pelvis Glomerulus Proximal convoluted

tubules
Medulla Major calycx Ureter Bowman’s Distal convoluted
capsule tubules
Loop of Collecting
Henle duct

Cortex
Medulla
 Kidney  Renal vein  Vas deferens
 Ureter  Adrenal gland  Fallopian Tube
 Aorta  Urinary bladder  Ovary
 Inferior vena cava  Seminal vesicle
 Renal artery Loop of henel

 Kidney  Inferior vena cava

 Ureter  Renal artery
 Aorta  Renal vein

22

53
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system
 Adrenal gland  Vas deferens
 Urinary bladder  Fallopian Tube
 Seminal vesicle  Ovary
 Prostate

54
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

Male Reproductive System

The items to be identified:-

55
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

Female Reproductive System

 Fundus of the uterus  Vagina

 Body of the uterus  Female urinary bladder
 Cervix  Female urethra
 Fallopian tube  Round ligament of uterus
 Ovary  Rectum -Anal canal

56
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

Nervous system

The items to be identified:-

 Frontal lobe  Medulla

 Parietal lobe  Corpus callosum
 Occipital lobe  Lateral sulcus
 Temporal lobe
 Thalamus
 Cerebellum
 Midbrain
 Central sulcus
 Pons

26

57
 Anatomy practical models
notesUrinary system

58