• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

LESSON 3 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • Lungs

• Pulmonary Vein
The Closed Circulatory System • Bicuspid Valve
 Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical of all • Left Ventricle
vertebrates, in which blood is confined to vessels and is • Aortic Semilunar Valve
distinct from the interstitial fluid. • Aorta
 The heart pumps blood into large vessels • To the bodies organs & cells
that branch into smaller ones leading into the organs.
 Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the blood and 2. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
the interstitial fluid bathing the cells. – Arteriesarterioles move away from the heart
• Elastic Fibers
The Cardiovascular System • Circular Smooth Muscle
• Three Major Elements – Heart, Blood Vessels, & Blood – Capillaries – where gas exchange takes place.
1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue • One cell thick
– highly interconnected cells • Serves the Respiratory System
– four chambers – VeinsVenules moves towards the heart
• Right atrium • Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back
• Right ventricle from legs
• Left atrium • One way values
• Left ventricle • When they break - varicose veins form

Pathway of the blood

• Superior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
 D. Thrombocytes – Platelets.
3. The Blood – These are cell fragment that are formed in the bone
A. Plasma marrow from magakaryocytes.
Liquid portion of the blood. Contains clotting factors, hormones, – Clot Blood by sticking together – via protein fibers called
antibodies, dissolved gases, nutrients and waste fibrin.

B. Erythrocytes - Red Blood Cells

– Carry hemoglobin and oxygen. Do not have a nucleus Type of Circulation
and live only about 120 days. • Pulmonary Circulation – movement of the blood from the heart
– Can not repair themselves. to the lungs and back to the heart.

• Coronary Circulation - Movement of blood through the tissues

of the heart

• Systemic Circulation - Movement of blood from the heart to

the rest of the body, excluding the lungs

Disorders of the Circulatory System

C. Leukocytes – White Blood cells
– Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow
Five types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and
monocytes.
• Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count
• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly, causing anemia
• Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in
thrombocytes

• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve

problems

• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become blocked

with plaque, also called myocardial infarction