MIDTERM

CHAPTER III

I. Elements
- Chemical element and species of atom that have a given number of protons in
their nuclei, pure substance and that can’t be easily broken into small pieces.

Example:
- Conductivity
- Magnetism
- Melting point
- Boiling point
- Color
- State of matter

II. Compound
- Something formed by union of elements or parts. Chemical union of two or more
ingredients in definite proportion by weight and a new antibiotic compound.

Example:
- Water
- Carbon dioxide
- Table salt

III. Atoms
- Particle of matter that uniquely define a chemical compound
- Consist of central nucleus that is surrounded by one or more negatively charged
electrons

Example:
- Sodium
- Uranium
- Argon
- Chlorine

IV. Molecules
- a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as
chemical bonds

Example:
- H2O (Water)
- N2 (Nitrogen)
- O3 (Ozone)
- CaO (Calcium Oxide)
- C6H1206 (glucose type of sugar)
- NaCL (Table Salt)

*Biochemical Reactions
- Most important reactions are the involvement in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
It provides energy to almost all of earth’s organisms.

Characteristics of:
A. Monosaccharides - mono (single)
- Simple sugar that constitutes the building blocks of a more complex form
of sugars

Example:
 - Fructose
- Glucose
- Ribose

B. Disaccharides
- It is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined

Example:
- Sucrose
- Lactose
- Maltose

C. Polysaccharides or Poly Carbohydrates

- long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units
bound together by glycosidic linkages.

Example:
- Yogurt
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Cellulose

Structure of:
A. Carbohydrates
- Large macromolecules consisting of
- Carbon (C) General formula
- Hydrogen (H) Cx(H2o)y
- Oxygen (O)

B. Fats
- Made up of monomers glycerol and fatty acid. Functions as insulations, padding
and long-term energy storage for organisms.

Functions:
- Appearance
- Emulsions
- Flavor
- Heat Transfer
- Melting point
- Nutrition
- Satiety
- Shortening

C. Protein
- Built as chains of amino acids which then fold into unique three-dimensional
shapes. They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure,
function and regulations of the body’s tissue and organs.

Example:
- Antibodies
- Contractile Protein
- Enzyme
- Hormonal Protein
- Structural Protein
- Storage Protein
- Transport Protein