Power Electronic Components

Diode
Schottky diode
Thyristor
Diac
Triac
BJT
MOSFET
MOSFET types
IGBT

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Diode (pn contact)

Depletion area

Anode Cathode
p-type n-type

Biasing configurations
Forward bias: When the anode is on higher voltage potential in reference with the cathode
Reverse bias: When the anode is on lower voltage potential in reference with the cathode

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Characteristic line
Current in
Amperes
qVD
I diode = I S (e KTn
− 1)
Terminal Terminal
Voltage in Voltage in
100s of Volts Volts
Where:
Is= The leakage current
~0.7
q
= Inverted thermal voltage 26mV @
KT 25°C
Current in VD= is the Voltage applied on the
µAmperes terminals of the diode

& n= a parameter that depends on

the semiconductor

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Applications in power electronics

Current rectification
Voltage inversion protection
Voltage suppressor in switching
controlled power applications
when driving inductive loads.

Without Diode

With Diode

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Schottky diode
Anode Cathode

metal n-type

Biasing configurations
Forward bias: When the anode is on higher voltage potential in reference with the cathode
Reverse bias: When the anode is on lower voltage potential in reference with the cathode

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Characteristic line
Current in
Amperes

qVD
Terminal Terminal I diode = I S (e KTn
− 1)
Voltage in Voltage in
100s of Volts Volts Where:
Is=The leakage current
~0.7
q
= Inverted thermal voltage 26mV @
KT 25°C

Current in VD= is the Voltage applied on the

µAmperes terminals of the diode
& n= a parameter that depends on the
semiconductor and metal (1.02 to 1.6)

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
So what is the difference compared
with the normal diode?

Normal diode Schottky diode

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Thyristor
n- type n+ type

ode ode

p type
Gate

Biasing configurations
Forward bias: When the anode is on higher voltage potential in reference with the cathode
Reverse bias: When the anode is on lower voltage potential in reference with the cathode

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Thyristor
Can it work?

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Characteristic line
Current in
Amperes
Terminal Q1
Voltage in
Volts Q2
Terminal
Voltage in
100s of Volts

~0.7
a2 I G + I CO1 + I CO 2
IA =
1 − (a1 + a2 )
Current in
µAmperes

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Thyristor

n1 type n2 type

Anode Cathode

p1 type Gate

p2 type

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Applications

Special considerations are required when dealing with inductive loads

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Diac n1 type

p1 type n1 type

Biasing configurations
There is no forward or reverse mode, either polarity will result in similar
operation.

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Characteristic line
Current in
Amperes

Terminal Terminal
Voltage in Voltage in
100s of Volts 100s of Volts

~0.7

Current in
Amperes

A well spread application is in gate signal conditioning for triacs.

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 Triac
T1

Gate

T2

Biasing configurations

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Characteristic line
Current in
Amperes

Terminal
Voltage in
100s of Volts

Extends the application field of

~0.7 the Thyristor as it can provide
control for full cycle.
It can replace relays

Special considerations are required when dealing with inductive loads

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 BJT

Collector Emitter

Base

Biasing configurations

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Characteristic line

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Power systems application field

BJTs are used as switches working in cut off or saturation region

What are the

advantages of
operating the BJTs in
this two extreme
regions?

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
MOSFET
Gate
Source Drain
Structure

Back plane

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
MOSFET
Gate (-ve)
(-ve) Source Drain (+ve)
Biasing configurations
Reversed operation
Drain (-ve)
e
e Source (+ve)
e
e e e
Gate(-ve) or (+ve)
Correct biasing
Drain (+ve)
Source(-ve)
Back plane (-ve)
Gate depends (on/off)

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
MOSFET
Gate (+ve)
(-ve) Source Drain (+ve)
Biasing configurations
e e
e
e

e e ee e
e

Back plane (-ve)

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Power MOSFET

VMOSFET

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Power MOSFET

DMOSFET

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Power MOSFET

UMOSFET

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Characteristic line

id

+++ve Same application field as the BJTs,

though there is a difference in the
frequency operating range
VGS

+ve

VDS

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
 IGBT
Collector

Biasing configurations

Gate

Emitter

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1
Characteristic line

ic

+++ve Same application field as the BJTs

and MOSFETs, though once more
there is a difference in the
VGE frequency operating range

+ve

VCE

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Advanced Power Conversion and Control (6ELE0062) Power Electronic Components Lecture 1