MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMB

Department of Anatomy
University of Szeged
2017
SURFACE ANATOMY
 MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMB

Spinohumeral muscles

Thoracohumeral muscles

Muscles of shoulder girdle

Flexor muscles of arm

Extensor muscles of arm

Flexor muscles of forearm (spfc./deep)

Extensor muscles of forearm (spfc./deep)

Muscles of hand:
Thenar mm.
Mesothenar mm.
Hypothenar mm.
SPINOHUMERAL MUSCLES (origin: spinal– and transverse
processes of vertebrae, insert: on humerus)
Trapezius m.
Latissimus dorsi m.
Rhomboideus major m.
Rhomboideus minor m.
Levator scapulae m.
THORACOHUMERAL MUSCLES (origin: thorax / ribs, insert:
humerus) Pectoralis major m.
Pectoralis minor m.
Serratus anterior m
Subclavius m.

GLENOHUMERAL MUSCLES (origin: bones of shoulder girdle -

scapula, clavicula, insert: humerus)
Deltoideus m.
Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres minor m.
Teres major m.
Subscapularis m.
 SPINOHUMERAL MUSCLE
trapezius m.

latissimus dorsi m.

rhomboideus major et
minor mm. levator scapulae m.

ventral

dorsal
 THORACOHUMERAL
MUSCLE

pectoralis major m.

pectoralis minor m. serratus anterior m.

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER / GLENOHUMERAL MUSCLES

Deltoid m.

Supraspinatus m.

Infraspinatus m.

Teres major m.

Teres minor m. supraspinatus m.

Subscapularis m.
deltoid m.

infraspinatus m.
deltoid m.

teres minor m.
teres major m.

DORSAL VIEW
 MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER

sup
ras
pin
atu
sm
.

infraspinatus m.

inor m.
teres m
ter
es
m ajo
r m.

long head of triceps brachii m.

DORSAL VIEW
 MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER

m. deltoideus
m. subscapularis
m. subscapularis

m. teres major

m. subscapularis

origin
insertion

m. teres major

VENTRAL VIEW
 LATERAL / QUADRANGULAR AND MEDIAL / TRIANGULAR
AXILLARY SPACES

LATERAL MEDIAL
teres minor m.

surgical neck of
the humerus
teres major m.

long head of triceps brachii m.

Deltoid m.
COSTAL ASPECT

Subscapularis m.

MEDIAL AXILLARY
HIATUS

Teres major m.

LATERAL AXILLARY HIATUS

 Supraspinatus m.

Infraspinatus m. DORSAL ASPECT

Teres minor m.

Deltoid m.

LATERAL
AXILLARY
HIATUS
MEDIAL
AXILLARY Teres major m.
HIATUS
CONTENT OF LATERAL ET MEDIAL AXILLARY SPACES

Suprascapular a. ← subclavian a.
posterior circumflex humeral a.

LATERAL AXILLARY SPACE

MEDIAL AXILLARY SPACE

Axillary n

circumflex scapular a. ← subscapular a.

COSTAL VIEW DORSAL VIEW
LATERAL ET MEDIAL AXILLARY SPACES

MEDIAL AXILLARY SPACE

circumflex scapular a. ← subscapular a.

LATERAL AXILLARY SPACE

- posterior circumflex humeral a.
- axillary n.
 Externally rotates the humerus: insert
ROTATOR CUFF on crest of greater tubercle of humerus.
These muscles turn up shoulder joint behind
Internally rotates the humerus : insert - infraspinatus
on crest of lesser tubercle of humerus. - teres minor
These muscles turn up shoulder joint in front
- subscapularis
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
 M. deltoideus
ROTATOR CUFF
Supraspinatus m.

Infraspinatus m.

Teres minor m.

Subscapularis m.
Demage of capsule;
subluxation!
AXILLARY
FOSSA

Coracobrachialis m. MUSCLES OF THE ARM

Biceps brachii m.

Brachialis m.

Triceps brachii m.

Anconeus m.
biceps brachii m. (long
head)

biceps brachii m.
(short head)

coracobrachialis m.

triceps brachii m.
brachialis m.

anconeus m.
ORIGIN AND INSERTION OF FLEXORS AND EXTENSORS OF ARM

biceps brachii (long head)

biceps brachii (short head)

coracobrachialis m.

triceps
brachii
(lat. head)
coracobrachialis m.
origin
insertion triceps brachii
brachialis m. (long head)

triceps brachii
(med. head)

triceps brachii
brachialis m.

biceps brachii (long head)

FLEXORS OF
FOREARM
Flexors of forearm origin on medial
epicondyle. First in order come up
from medial epicondyle. The next in
order come down from medial
epicondyle and origin on ulna,
interosseal membrane and radius
(volar surface)
surface

That muscles, in their name

„carpi” word is involved,
inserted on the base of
metacarpal bone (volar
surface).
surface

That muscles, in their name

„longus” word is involved,
inserted on the distal
phalanges.

FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
pronator teres m.
flexor carpi radialis m.
pronator quadratus m.
s
Pronator teres m.
u
p
Flexor carpi radialis m.
e
Palmaris longus m.
r
f
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
i
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
c
d
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
e
e

Flexor pollicis longus m.
p
Pronator quadratus m.
palmaris longus m.
flexor carpi ulnaris m.
 FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM II.

flexor digitorum profundus m.

flexor digitorum superficialis m.

flexor pollicis longus m.

 MUSCLES WORKING IN

SUPINATION PRONATION

Biceps m.

Pronator teres m.
Supinator m.

Pronator quadratus m.
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM I.
s
Brachioradialis m.
u
p

Extensor carpi radialis longus m.
e
Extensor carpi radialis brevis m.
r
Extensor digitorum m.
f
Extensor digiti minimi m.
i
brachioradialis m.

c
Extensor carpi ulnaris m.

Abductor pollicis longus m.

d
Extensor pollicis brevis m.
e
e

Extensor pollicis longus m.
p
Extensor indicis m.

Supinator m.
extensor digiti
minimi m. extensor carpi radialis longus m.

extensor carpi radialis brevis m.

extensor carpi extensor digitorum m.

ulnaris m.
EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM II.

abductor pollicis longus m.

extensor pollicis brevis m. supinator m.

extensor pollicis longus m.

extensor indicis m.
EXTENSORS OF
FOREARM

Extensors of forearm origin on

lateral epicondyle. First in order
come up from lateral epicondyle.
The next in order come down from
lateral epicondyle and origin on
radius, interosseal membrane and
ulna (dorsal surface)
surface

That muscles, in their name

„carpi” word is involved,
inserted on the base of
metacarpal bone (dorsal
surface).
surface

- origin
- insertion
CUBITAL FOSSA
 PALMAR APONEUROSIS
Is a thick, dense triangular plaque of deep
palmaris longus m. fascia which covers and protects the central
part of the palm. Its superficial surface is
intimately attached to the skin, which
consequently cannot be moved over the
underlying structures.

palmaris brevis m.
MUSCLES OF THE HAND I.

THENAR: 4

Abductor pollicis brevis m.

Flexor pollicis brevis m.

Opponens pollicis m.

Adductor pollicis m.
abductor pollicis abductor digiti
brevis m. minimi m.
MESOTHENAR:
flexor pollicis

Interossei mm. brevis m.
- dorsal (4) flexor
- palmar (3) digiti
lumbicals minimi m.

Lumbricales mm. (4)

HYPOTHENAR: 3

Abductor digiti minimi m.

Flexor digiti minimi m.

Opponens digiti minimi m.

No adductor!
MUSCLES OF THE HAND II.
MUSCLES OF THE HAND III. Interosseus muscles
Lumbricales muscles

4 3

DORSAL PALMAR

Flex metacarpophalangeal joint,

extend interphalangeal joint. They are
rich in muscle -and tendon spindle.
They have proprioceptive function!

Insertion: extensor expansion

ABDUCTION ADDUCTION
FLEXOR AND EXTENSOR TENDONS ON LATERAL VIEW
OF FINGER pull of extensors
pull of interosseus and lumbricales
Extensor Extensor digitorum
Middle/central band
expansion (hood) tendon
of extensor tendon
Lateral band of
extensor tendon

Interosseus mm.
Vinculum breve
Vincula longa Lumbricalis muscle
Flexor digitorum
profundus tendon Flexor digitorum
superficialis tendon
Interosseus mm.
EXTENSOR TENDONS ON DORSAL
VIEW OF FINGER
Extensor digitorum tendon

Lumbricalis muscle

Extensor expansion (hood)

Middle/central band of extensor tendon

Lateral band of extensor tendon

 Compartments of flexor tendons in sheaths
PALMAR VIEW
flexor carpi radialis

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor pollicis longus

Compartments of extensor tendons in sheaths

DORSAL VIEW

extensor pollicis longus 3

4 { extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor carpi radialis brevis
}2
extensor carpi radialis longus
abductor pollicis longus
5 extensor digiti minimi }1
extensor pollicis brevis
6 extensor carpi ulnaris
RADIAL FOVEOLA – fossa tabatiere (fossa anatomique)
snuff-box

extensor pollicis longus m.

abductor pollicis longus m.

extensor pollicis brevis m.
CROSS SECTION OF ARM
CROSS SECTION OF FOREARM
CROSS SECTION OF FOREARM
This presentation prepared from production of
Andrea Czigner
Annamária Kovács
Roland Weiczner