MUSCLES

MASTERSHEET

Compiled by Rahil Dabhad

 BACK (11)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Trapezius rotate scapula; Accessory n.

Superficial (5)
Latissimus dorsi extend, ADduct, medially rotate humerus
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Levator scapulae
Sternocliedomastoid
Serratus posterior superior
Intermediate (2)
Serratus posterior inferior
Splenius capitis
elevate, depress, retract shoulder
Thoracodorsal n.
retract and rotate (adduct) scapula,
fix scapula to thoracic wall Dorsal scapular n.
“”
elevate, rotate scapula
Cervical rotation to opposite side Accessory nerve.
elevate ribs on inspiration
Intercostal n.
ribs down, out on inspiration
Extension, lateral flexion of neck
Dorsal rami of spinal n.

Deep (4)

Splenius cervicis “”
Semispinalis extend neck; rotate head Dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
Erector spinae: extend vertebral column, Dorsal rami of respective spinal n.
Iliocostalis bend laterally
Lonigissimus
Spinalis
 SHOULDER AND PECTORAL REGION (11)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Shoulder (7) Deltoid flex, extend, ABduct humerus Axillary n.

Supraspinatus ABduct humerus (initial 10-15 deg) Suprascapular n.
Rotator Cuff = SITS Infraspinatus Suprascapular n.
laterally rotate humerus
(Supraspinatus, Teres minor Axillary n.
Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres major ADDuct, extend, medially rotate humerus Lower subscapular n.
Subscapularis) Subscapularis medially rotate humerus Upper & lower subscapular n.

Omohyoid depress hyoid bone Cervical n.

Pectoralis major ADduct, medially rotate, extend, flex humerus Lateral & medial pectoral n.

Pectoral region (4)

Pectoralis minor protract, depress scapula Medial pectoral n.
Serratus anterior protract, rotate scapula Long thoracic n.
Subclavius depress scapula Subclavian n.
 ARM (5)
Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Coracobrachialis flex, Adduct arm

Anterior (3) Musculocutaneous n.
Biceps brachii flex arm, forearm;
(long, short) supinate forearm
Brachialis flex forearm
Triceps brachii extend arm, forearm
Posterior (2) (long, lateral, medial) Radial n.

Anconeus extend forearm

 FOREARM (20)
Grouping Muscle
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Anterior (superficial – 5) Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior (deep – 3)
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Supinator
Posterior (12) Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indices
Extensor digiti minimi
Action Innervation
pronate, flex forearm Median n.
flex hand, ABduct wrist
flex, ADduct wrist Ulnar n.
flex Proximal interphalangeal joint; flex Meta
Phalangeal joint. Median n.
flex wrist;
tighten palmar aponeurosis
flex Distal interphalangeal of digits Medial: ulnar n.
Lateral: median n.
pronate forearm Anterior interosseus n. of
flex IP of thumb median n.
flex forearm
extend, ABduct wrist; Radial n.
fist clenching
“” Deep branch of radial n.
supinate forearm, rotate radius
extend, ADduct wrist
extend MP of digits; extend IP
extend IP, ABduct, extend thumb
extend IP thumb, ABduct, extend thumb Posterior interosseus n. of
extend MP and MCP of thumb, ABduct, radial n.
extend thumb
extend 2nd digit
extend MP 5th digit; extend IP
 HAND (19)
Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Thenar (3) Abductor pollicis brevis ABduct/oppose thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Hypothenar (3) Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digit minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Lumbrical 1 + 2
Short (Palmar – 9)
Recurrent branch of median n.
flex thumb
oppose, medially rotate thumb
ABduct 5th digit
Deep branch of ulnar n.
flex MPC of 5th digit
oppose 5th digit to thumb
flex MPC joint; Median n.
extend IP joint

Lumbrical 3 + 4 “” Deep branch of ulnar n.

Palmar interossei (1-3) ADduct digits;
flex MCP joint;
extend IP joint
Palmaris brevis improves grip Superficial branch of ulnar n.

Adductor pollicis ADduct thumb Deep branch of ulnar n.

Short (Dorsal – 4) Dorsal interossei (1-4) ABduct digits; Deep branch of ulnar n.
flex MCP joint;
extend IP joint
 GLUTEAL REGION (8)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Gluteal Region (8) Gluteus maximus extend, laterally rotate thigh Inferior gluteal n.

Gluteus medius ABduct, medially rotate thigh Superior gluteal n.

Gluteus minimus “”
Piriformis laterally rotate thigh Ventral rami of S1 and S2
Obturator internus “” Nerve to obturator internus
Superior gemellus “”
Inferior gemellus “” Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris “”
 THIGH (16)
Grouping Muscle Action Innervation
Iliopsoas flex thigh; flex and laterally bend lumbar spine Femoral n. (for iliacus) & lumbar
plexus (psoas)
Pectineus flex, ADduct, laterally rotate thigh at hip Femoral n. & obturator n.
Sartorius flex, ABduct, laterally rotate hip; flex, medially
rotate knee
Rectus femoris flex hip; extend knee
(quadriceps)
Anterior (7) Femoral n.
Vastus lateralis extend leg at knee
(quadriceps)
Vastus medialis “”
(quadriceps)
Vastus intermedius “”
(quadriceps)
Gracilis flex, ADduct, thigh at hip;
flex, medially rotate knee Obturator n.
Medial (5) Obturator externus laterally rotate, ADuct hip; holds head of femur
in acetabulum
Adductor longus flex, ADduct thigh at hip
Adductor brevis flex, extend, ADduct, laterally rotate thigh at hip
Adductor magnus ADduct thigh; adductor – flex thigh; hamstring – Obturator n. & tibial n.
extend thigh
Semimenbranosus extend thigh;
(hamstrings) flex, medially rotate leg
Posterior (3) Semitendinosus “”
(hamstrings) Tibial n.
Biceps femoris extend thigh;
(long head) flex, laterally rotate leg
(hamstrings)

Biceps femoris flex, laterally rotate leg Common fibular n.

(short head)
N/a Tensor fasciae latae ABduct, medially rotate, flex thigh Superior gluteal n.
 LEG (13)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Tibialis anterior dorsiflex ankle; invert foot

Anterior (4) Extensor hallucis longus dorsiflex ankle; extend 1st digit Deep fibular n.
Extensor digitorum longus dorsiflex ankle; extend 2 – 5 digit
Fibularis tertius dorsiflex ankle;
evert foot
Lateral (2) Fibularis longus evert foot; weak plantarflexion of ankle Superficial fibular n.

Fibularis brevis “”
Soleus plantarflex ankle; raise heal to walk
Posterior (superficial – 3)
Gastrocnemius flex leg;
plantarflex foot Tibial n.
Plantaris “”
Tibialis posterior plantarflex ankle; invert foot
Posterior (deep – 4)
Flexor digitorum longus flex digits 2 – 5, plantarflex ankle, supports long arch
Flexor hallucis longus flex 1st digit; plantarflex ankle; support med long arch of
foot
Popliteus weakly flex knee; rotate femur on fixed tibia and unlocks
leg; medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
 FOOT (18)
Grouping Muscle
Flexor (layer 1) (3) Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis ADduct 1st digit; support transverse arch
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor (layer 2) (6) Flexor hallucis brevis
Lumbrical 1
Lumbrical 2
Lumbrical 3
Lumbrical 4
Quadratus plantae
Adductor hallucis
(transverse head)
Adductor hallucis
(oblique head)
Flexor (layer 3) (2)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor (layer 4) (7) Plantar interossei (1-3)
Dorsal interossei (1-4)
Action Innervation
flex digits 2 – 5 Medial plantar n.
ABduct, flex 5th digit Lateral plantar n.
flex proximal phalanx 1st digit Medial plantar n.
flex PIP; extend DIP digit 2 – 4
“”
“” Lateral plantar n.
“”
flex digits 2 – 5
ADduct 1st digit;
support transverse arch Deep branch of lateral plantar
n.
plex proximal phalanx 5th digit Superficial branch of lateral
plantar n.
ADduct digits 2 – 4; flex MP Lateral plantar n.
ABduct digits 2 – 4; flex MP
 TRUNK AND ABDOMEN (9)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Abdominal Support (5) Rectus Abdominus Trunk flexion; hip flexion Intercostal nerves 7-11

External Oblique
Trunk rotation; lateral flexion of
Internal Oblique trunk
Transversus Abdominis Trunk Stabilization; Compression of
abdominal content
Quadratus Lumborum Flexion of vertebral column Subcostal nerve
Breathing (4) Diaphragm Primary respiratory muscle Phrenic nerve

Extrenal Intercostal Inhalation

Internal Intercostal Stabilize ribs

Lateral plantar n.
Innermost Intercostal Fix intercostal space during
respiration
 FACIAL MUSCLES (17)

Grouping Muscle Action Innervation

Orbital (2) Orbicularis Oculi Closes eyelids Temporal and zygomatic branches of
facial nerve

Corrugator Suprcilii Draws eyebrows downwards& Facial nerve

medially
Nasal (1) Nasalis Compress nasal cartilages Buccal branch of facial nerve

Orbicularis oris Pucker the lips (kissing muscle); Cranial nerve; buccal branch of facial
close lips nerve
Levator Labii superioris Elevates upper lip Zygomatic branch of facial nerve

Levator Anguli oris Smile; elevates angle of mouth Buccal branch of facial nerve

Depressor anguli oris Depresses angle of mouth Mandibular branch of facial nerve

Zygomaticus major Draws angle of mouth upwards and Zygomatic and buccal branches of
Oral (9)
laterally facial nerve
Zygomaticus minor Elevates upeer lip Buccal branch of facial nerve

Risorius Draws back angle of mouth Buccal branch of facial nerve

Platysma Draws corner of mouth infriorly (sad Cervical branch of facial nerve
face)
Mentalis Elevates and wrinkles skin of chin Mandibular branch of facial nerve

Cranial (1) Occipitofrontalis Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead Facial nerve

Compresses cheeks agains the teeth Bucucal branch of facial nerve
Buccinator
Matication (sucking muscles)
Masseter Elevation and protraction of mandible Mandibular nerve
 Temporalis Elevation and retraction of mandible Temporal nerve; mandibular nerve

Elevates mandible; moves jaw side Mandibular nerve

Medial Pterygoid
by side
Depresses mandible; protrude Mandibular nerve
Lateral Pterygoid
mandible