Chapter1

LDistinquish between ccohipetul ond anhuylr

Ans
Cenbipetal rce Conhnkuyl oro
1 a real oe which 1 soa pseudodora C
is exerhed on the body richonra wbich
by the extem agencies CunDot Cmise drom
like gravituhonaldore QrUvitodonal dota enson
ension io the sting dore AOmal0mal,et

normal or et
bsortL octs towordh the )1bis orue acts Cuuy4

Center e oxbit om tbe cen)ar orb

id Acts in buth inerhol and ii) A only in o tuhny

noninerhal prume drumes Chon-inPrhulpume

iv eplmw m Y

v) ecdorce and has Pseudo orce but ha

Tealoeeet real eects

vi) Ovigin 4h centipetloe Origin eceniugal

is idteu hoy between ora Kerho.doe
two objecs ñot orise o
inPruhon
 2Derive On expressionr speed along
uchicle along
honi2entol Crulorhruck
An (onsideya verhcol sechon ecOy mouing4
Ona hori2ontal ciraldr hrdch hauiny a
YoduYwtb cas the cenhe e, hehreck

mg

d Fore along an the cur consideved to beaunhele)

c Weiqhi Cma)verhcolly downUUds
b) Noimal reuchion (Alverhically opuds thet
bulonces the welqht
C)Force Stuhiaichon Ck) betuweenthe Tocds
and the ures
NoYmcl yeachon balance he weiqht
N mu
While woTking in therume ereyenes
attuched to thevechicl the honolAbre
balonces fhe Cephikuqdor
m
ii
Oivide egn Gi by eg Ci)

N
 iD However f hason cpper limih (Glmay EA,N,
where Al is the CO-elcieni e stuhio richon
between the ocid ond the fure 6h vehicle
Ihuimposes on uppeY limittothe speed v
Athemaximunm possible speed
lmuxA, muy hem.eg)AG))
N
Vmcx=JA,rq
Thisison expression mciximu.msulety speed
h which cuehicle shauld mpue along a
CuNued harj 2ontu youd

3Deane rodiua e Gyrohoo ithik Jormlu

Ans Radis e quraHor a a body is dehoed cn the
distanu 0etweenhe axi ofuhn and o poinT
at which the whole muas h e body
Supposed to be copcenued so_a to pojeses the
Scime amount inerha a that body
MKE1
where M: mus a tho object
k=RadiuaGuruhon
1Moment inerho

uDekine momen eineric wb itsomulu

Anv Themoment e, inetio the sum the produc
each Aointmuss and squoe e distnce
ron the axi e otuhon

1-2mx L
 1 Conserued
A)Shoo thotanqular momentum
in absence e exlemultovque boulh
Ap: Consider a hde e muss m' rotuhing
Cx with torgue
Le y
pasihonUectoy e pouxhde
mu
lineoy momentum eh a puthcle
onquloy momentum u parhcle
Anqulor momenum is qiven Dy
0Herenbahog c Y e ge
d Pdp 4xd
d d di di
6ut dp -C tore ochnq On.a nuyhle

d-=velocity
dH
opaxthcle
d -?xP Pho
dt
d PKPm
di
C xVo)
d RP)-Z)
d
no oxque 1Sochny On poshtle To
di -o Le
(onstunt
dt
nus anqulo momentum uilememuin
Constum
6)Sqive ony tuo uppliahon) eone ruchan onqulu
nom Pntum
An onsider apexson holdng yelqhb stunding ona
disc. Let the disc be sel into yotuhon ct
onguloyY velouty , and morment e Inerio7
n h i Coje he person is holding hs crm)
hs drm
Close to hu body Now when the cms aYe
Ouistreched moment aineho inreasey pom 1.l
due foincreaje in dismbuhon e muSS-Since
hu any loy momentum i ConsèruPd
1 w WLE Lw

1 1 ( w,Hen ongular spePd decreusey

DA diver while divinq berdy in such away hui
h leqSae neor the headSo thutmoment
einerhoa decreuseandangulc speed incseoseg
As Soon as the he enes in the yaer, he
Shraighens hi bodySo hutMomen inerhie
incredjes cin onquliy spePd_deCYeUSIthus
anqulay
Momentum remuin SCme
 Chupter 2

r e d Dehine luid and sfle any tuo popeth e

e
An
AnA ldid i a Substunce thut can low -a Auid
is Substunce thet delorms conhindully Under the
achian ecn exemulrceuid is dphase o mute
Hhu includes liguidi, qusêsCnd plusmg:
Bopexhes d luid
1 bincdhdpressible its densty constunt
i s lloo u notuionul: its l w i Smooth thPTe oye no
tuxbulunC inthe dlow

2)|Deane preasure ond qive it dimenuions

An-he orte exered by le.uid at res per Unit orea
noTul t o the Susate n contoct wih h u d )
clled preisure
Dimension LML 1
3) Stule Poscels Law and stute.any two.opplicahan
An
AnStaementa 1he pxessureapplied to_ony put
enclosedluid c rest i ranimifed
ondiminishëd fo euery parhon the hluid
ond to the wal eu sels piouded the
eect - qruuity is Keqlech d.
Appli.cuhions Kdrauli
i)Hudroulic brokej
 Dekine. suhuce Henionand Sua Chergy
n S u c lension Suue lensiorn liquid isdeined
the dor Dey onil leng.th cohng.ch
qht Cayigle to an imuyinery ine druwn
on fheree sulac eiuid
Sunlac.Cnexgy The poephiol enaqy a the ltuid
Suylateondey isothermal cond1hon
colled the sus Le enerygy

5
Del ine anyle e contuct cnd stut on.cwhichb
Adctons it depeds.
An) hen liquid isin Cont
c
Lwtb solid, fhe angk
between be Sutocc e he Solid and the funqent
dhun to the sUyCtee
hehiyutd ot he point
Contuct,measured on dhe side e/ the liq,uid, s alla
the onye eh that lioguidoith that solid
tuconon cuhich it depende
he angle e (ontuchU Constuntdor aqivenn
liquid-solid pulY
)Foxu liguid hichpobully et the colid, the
onjk h Contuis acut
)CheUalue the angle contuct depend unon
the Aature liquid ond solidin (ottu.ct
iv)1 depends the medium whth exisb cbove
he dree igund Suyace
u The ungle contuc cYunges due fo impuity
Emperutfur
 Exploineet Hemperutre ond impunity on
Susa kniEn
Am
An:Eect temperatunre on
Suvuteenion:
ohmthe emperuture c ligeid is
inCreus td
then he diutunc betutèn fhe Iiyuid mokule
ncredseJ
Due to Inureose in distonce, the co heshiue qores
Ccthruchon betueen the moleculey decseus e
h1) Luith decxeaje in
cohe Jiue porusuyate. epey y
aljo deceusej Hence the S-1 e liguid cilo
decrease
huyuith inCTeuse in empeyukre S:1 ecreoseg

Fect eimpuihesin hquidon Sunocenion

OHen uby tanu i hiqhly
soluble in liguidthe
Solule moleculej Cre aimuched moreshonylyby the
liquid mole cule1he CHHreuchon exceedy the
co.hesive porce betwepn the iguid malecule, henE
and $ liquidinge aje
Rwhm the Suhstonce weakly seluhle in the liq uid,
h e moleaalesitsel moue n the inerio1 c th
hquid1heiy plucesin hc SuaceCne tcaheb by the
Soluk moleculel The Contenution Solue
mole caleinheSuyoc laup becomehiyher thun
in the inkiiot he solubon
 2) DisHiogullh behueen sheumline ond tabulmlow

Sheamline tusbulmt
Flow Hlaw

iWhen the liguid,lowiny thehe uelocutyliqud o

uelocity i eu thun gieuler Hhon iical vlouty,
Eidicol uelouhy, then the
thc laca s cullpd tnbueh
losa dliyuid culled Alou
haum line l o
iTn his dlots, liquid_cuo )in
be
be imoyined nto dlerep thiulou,uelady e
ligud at on4 Aoin s noi
ldyey which move
lunallel to eocho.f
constunt-e,
chungej
(ontinuOusly
iidIn thilo, the uelottyii) Diherehi
liquidateny qiuen a,es mov
in lpYept dihechanj
point clluuys contkun

iVeloute cll puhey )When nvr b inllood.

Ind qiyen luyer ore thelou wuler.h
ConJtun
fuxbdep.ALo,uheo the
CTib in storm, he,lo
fusbelen)
 Deine coeIien ticouity cith it qoTmula
An Coeiicion) visal doined os thc vicouse
dUxe ner unt orea pe eni uelouty qradienT:
E A de
d

A du
dnu

qExplain tuo opplicuhon e Bernaulliseguohoh:

ony
An b osed to delemine he speed eelu
0 j e d to de erminethe speed oud hiouyh
tube
i) Aeroplone tukee o n the basis Beroullhs
pinupl.
 Chupter 5
Derive dilomhc eguahon SHM
AnsLinec Simple Huvmonic Mohon 1 dehnd os the
lioY Olullotony peviodic mohon in which
orce
accelesuhion isulwuys dieced toward themeure
posihonand e magnitude pxopor.honal to diyploumot
om the meun poshoh
hen poxhcle pPyorms hnear
S: H-h OTc cllouyp
dhhechd towcrdsmeun oshon andu direedy
ronothonl fo duplaumen rom the meun poshion

Nequhue sign indiclesthu dorces onddiplatement

One oppositely direced
Veloity e puihdle is qiven by
occeletohon uhele i qive0 by-
oCcplorohon du
d
aCCelPTUhon d/dm vd
dt dt
alcelerahon d
T m b the mup dphdk pejorminy Iin
SHAA.Hben orce achng on thc nahce b giuenby,
Fmda
d1 -i
hrom ( ) XGii)
 md -ku
df
md'a FK o
d
dh+k 0
d m

buA k e u
m

d w E0
d
This
dilevenhu Pyuubon c SH /

Deine amplitude,
AnAmplitude period and requPny e SMM
xim um displacement e Aovhcle
rom t meon nosihon pesfosming SHM
SHM. LE u denoed called the umplitude. e
by Ain abave iyure
OA Or OB i
Ccullod a omplitude lñuh
Period e SHM
Ahe Bm tuHen by
Ahe
COmplek one OSuluhon puhdeAerorminy H ta
SMN Colpd pidd (1) .
requency SHh
he hme aan
Ahzle number sOUlluhon
eomed peyOnii fime by he nuthde YnJHh
cald the preyupney S1/ic
3)Deinck second pendulum and qive ibownul
Ar Simple pendulum hoe period
Ccllp&
2secons i
cs seconds lendulum
T 2stond
T 2n
2
9

his isan expresion o lenyth Saond

penculum
Deine ree Oscilluhon and gore oscillubon
Ans ree osullubon:
1 on obiect iscllowed to Osullule OT uibrule
on
its Own ,hese 0sulluhons ure culled cs roe
Olullhon
FoiCC Oulluhon.
-applying peviodic qor the Sume pendulum
Cun bo mude to Osilluk i h dieren
hen oscilluhon
rquancy
hen cull be po1ced osullobbn
 Chopler
Explain in sho Conept c egupokhiel supacc
Ap AnimugineqySurccoinin ollnoint ahch has
Sme notenhin on éhheield is calledCu
Cyuipodentic Suxhace Fquipokenhu) suuce .cond eletric.
Leld line CC Cluys muhcilly penpmdhcalla
cose cUnio10eld in whiub elechic lines e
O Ceeyuly spuced,tyuipoknhel suyaL qve
noulla plone pependilerfo ekchi lin@s DYCe
DYce
n CLwe e Sinyle poin choge doy which lines e
ore Ove ho he eunoknhol urac ce
Concenhri sphoe Co.conhakd a pain¥ chenge.
in)lo wOYk is done to maue fejt chotye Olon4
an euapornb

polur ond non-polar dielechics

2)Deleephole bete
Nan-polar
Ans Pola
Dielecmc Oiekchio

Dhese mokcules have hex molecales do nothuue

man dipole PmUnen dinolk momeDh
Monerf Cuen in the
abence e an apphed
held
Mhenolnizuhon o The nolailahop in these
pola moleculeD tyfle maletulleib dopenns
highly emperche fenperut/re
dependanh
 ) hercisno.chsophon
Thexe absaphon
OY emision in the i0rcyed emission.in infrured
Yongeor Ihese molecul im oye or theie
mole ul
ey- Ha0, HI, Co 0N,,H

3Deine cpicitance and qive ib qornul

An TheYuhoechurqe qivento a Conducto
and nohmhlruiet due to fhis churqeis Called
elechiConucitunu the conducton C Qly
C)Dra aSdhemuhu diaqyum d Uon.deqe gonexutor
An)

Where,
C S,S E inullahn4
Supnorb
. pulleys
8 bel etnuluhn
multnol
S S H:T=hiyh Hosion
butery
u2CmitHer spruy brujb
Ca collector smray brush.
- Oischuge tube
F clechrode
Ekel tunh
 Chophey
DStolc kirchol's CuYen1 ond voltye Law
An Kichol CaYTent Luw
The alebvic sum ethe elechic Curent aany
iunbon is eq ual f 2ero
Kivchas Ultuye Lauw
In closed Yoop _elamcal nelwotk the
aly ehiusum noknhel derences ond cme
is equGl to 2ew

2Staleany mere
any two_cpplicahon ewhealshond
bridge
AnsThe wheutstong bridue is osed te qot the predse
measuement e louw resktune.
RQuonhheg suth a impecunce, ipnductunce,
Cnd Copcitan Cun be meajuredosinq
Uaridhon on he wheuts hone bndt
Stoale prinunal dnoknhome ey
3)|
An) Thenolenhul
An erenaapplied betuden any
tuo
pYopohonal
noi fYlenqth cwirebetweepthese noinb.
noint oHnbomeley wireb direcHy
 4 Dishaquish betuepn Ammeer and Valtmekr.
Any
Ammekr Voltmeer

1 is a loo Tesistuncc )11 iso biqh resib tunce

instrument inshument

i)Resiutunu. is GullG) Resislunwib GL

inShuptResistunca i )Series Registunce

(q1) 1C1-14) ond (V14)-andu Ulety
Uexy Smal)
high
1u)i alway onnecled in io)1 is alwayy onneché
Semey in Auxullel

V)Resistuna ean idea )Resis tuna n on dool

Ommeky is 2ero uoltmel is innt

b sesistun is les i) Ih fesistunte is qxeu kr

thun hut dhe hun tha dthe
qclunome ky voltmekr

vi1 ib not possihle ii 1 bnot nosible

decease he runye hodecxease the snye
he gien ummeh e the qioen voltme