RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)

A. Relative Pronouns đại từ quan hệ 

I. Who/which/ that: làm S (who / which/ that + V)
1. Who/ That: làm S chỉ người
2. Which/ That: làm S chỉ vật
- Thay cho 1 CN chỉ người hoặc vật, đứng ngay sau danh từ được lặp
- Nếu có dấu “,” phải dùng “who” cho người, “which” cho vật
Eg: 

II. Whom / who / which / that: làm O (whom/who/which/ that + S + V)

1. Whom /who/that: làm O chỉ người
2. Which / that: làm O chỉ vật
- Thay cho 1 tân ngữ chỉ người hoặc vật
- Đứng ngay sau DT đc lập
- Nếu có dấu “,” chỉ dùng “whom” cho người và “which” cho vật
Eg

Quy tắc dấu “,”: 

Nếu 1 đại từ quan hệ đứng sau 1 danh từ mà danh từ được xđ danh từ riêng, 1 tính
từ sở hữu, 1 đại từ sở hữu, 1 sở hữu cách, 1 đại từ chỉ định (this, that, these, those)
thì trước đại từ quan hệ có dấu “,”
Eg:

III. Whose (đại từ chỉ sự sở hữu).

 thay cho 1 tính từ sở hữu hoặc 1 sở hữu cách
 danh từ sở hữu + whose + N (được sở hữu)
Eg 

Note. Đối với sở hữu của vật ta có thể dùng

"whose + N" hoac ", the + N + of which" 
Eg: The house, the gate of which was painted blue, is beautiful

IV. Đại từ quan hệ với từ chỉ lượng

Some of + whom (cho người)
One of + which (cho vật)
 Many of
Both of
Neither of
All of
… of

Note: 
 Từ chỉ lượng phải đứng ngay sau N chứa từ chỉ lượng
 Trước từ chỉ lượng phải có dấu “,”
Eg:

V. Đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho toàn bộ mệnh đề đứng trước: dùng which (trước
“which” có dấu “,”)
Eg:

B. Relative adverbs 
1. Where (trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn)
- Thay cho 1 trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn (không bao giờ làm S)
- Đứng ngay sau N được lặp
- where = at which = on which/ in which.... tùy thuộc vào trạng từ nơi chốn sử dụng
giới từ nào
Eg:

2. When (trạng từ chỉ thời gian)

- Thay cho 1 trạng từ chỉ thời gian (không bao giờ làm S)
- Đứng ngay sau N được lặp
- when = at which = on which/ in which.... tùy thuộc vào trạng từ chỉ thời gian sử
dụng giới từ nào
- Có thể bỏ “when”
Eg:

3. why/ for which (trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nguyên nhân) 

Eg:

C. Một số chú ý
1. Mệnh đề rút gọn
 a. Lược bỏ “ĐTQH + tobe” trong mệnh đề bị động, mệnh đề tiếp diễn và mệnh
đề chứa trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn 
Eg:

b. Lược bỏ "ĐTQH - làm S” và V(thường) -> V(ing).

Eg:

2. The first/second/third/…/last
+ (N) + to V
     The next
     The only
Eg:

BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG:

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. Mr. Ken, ______ is living next door, is a dentist.
A. that           B. who            C. whom             D. what
2. Her computer ______ was my friend’s got broke.
A. which           B. whom            C. who             D. that
3. The man _______ she wanted to see her family.
A. which           B. where             C. whom          D. who
4. Her grandmother, _______ is 70, often takes exercise.
A. what             B. who                 C. where          D. which
5. The woman _______ came here two days ago is her professor.
A. who              B. that                 C. whom            D. what
6. The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work. 
A. what              B. who                  C. which             D. where
7. Freedom is something for ________ millions have given their lives.
A. which            B. where              C. whom           D. who
8. My girlfriend loves tokbokki, _________ is Korean food.
A. which            B. where               C. whom             D. who
9. Blair has passed the exam last week, ________ is great news.
A. who                B. that                   C. which             D. whom
10. The book ________ is in the car is his brother’s.
A. who                 B. that                   C. which              D. whom
11.The man_____ lives behind my house is a doctor.
A.that          B. who            C. which          D. whom
12.Peter, _____ I played video games with on the weekend, was younger than
me.
A.that             B. who            C. which               D. whom
13.The old building__________is in front of my house fell down.
A. of which              B. which               C. whose               D. whom
14.We’ll come in July __________the schools are on holiday.
A. that          B. where           C. which          D. when
Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. The film about _____ they are talking about is fantastic.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. that
2. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. wait
3. He is the boy _______ is my best friend.
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. A& C
4. I have a message for people _____ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay
B. who delay
C. delayed
D. who delaying
5. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.
A. to overlook
B. overlooking
C. overlooked
D. which overlooking
6. Melanie was the only person _____ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
7. The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash.
A.was rescued
B. rescued 
C. rescuing
D. to be rescued
8. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.
A. whose
B. which
C. who
D. whom
9. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. why
10. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday.
A. where
B. when
C. why
D. that
Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
 1. The man is her father. You met him last week.
2. Zoe likes the blue T-shirt. My sister is wearing it.
3. Show me the new hats. You bought them last night.
4. Zoe has a sister. Her sister’s name is Juma.
5. That is a company. It produces rings.
6. The children were attracted by the show. It was performed so many.
7. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
8. Tet is a festival. Tet often happens in late January or early February.
9. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive
messages.
10.Jack is the boy. He is giving my mom a gift.
Bài tập 4: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai
1. The film who I watched yesterday was interesting.
2. I like that dress whom is really beautiful.
3. The only house to be paint last week was Oanh’s.
4. Do you get on with the person which lives behind?
5. A dictionary is a book whom gives her the meaning of words.
Bài tập 5: Nối 2 câu sau thành 1 câu liền mạch hoặc tách 1 câu gốc thành 2 câu
đơn.
1. Zoe is the girl. She phoned the police yesterday.
2. I buy a dress which is beautiful and fashionable.
3. The woman who is standing over there is my teacher.
4. The last student that was interviewed was Zoe.
5. Those are books. Jack has just bought them from the bookstore.
6. The Maldives, which is best known for foreign travelers, has pleasant
weather.
7. They had a pool in which they could swim.
Bài tập 6: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. She is the most beautiful girl whose I have ever met.
2. She can’t speak English, whom is a disadvantage.
3. The policeman must try to catch those people whom drive dangerously.
4. The person about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
 5. Mother’s Day is the day where children show their love to their mother.
6. Do you know the reason when we should learn English?
7. The woman who she told me the news was not a native citizen here.
8. New Year Day is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it
together.
Bài tập 7: Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc WHOSE vào chỗ
trống trong những câu sau
1. He arrived with a friend ______ waited outside in the car.
2. The man ______ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
3. The car ______ the robbers escaped in was a BMW.
4. The woman ______ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
5. The postman ______ works in the village is very old.
6. The family ______ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
7. The cowboy ______ is wearing a red shirt looks very funny.
8. A bus is a big car ______ carries lots of people.
9. The volunteers, ______ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
10.Children ______ like music are often good at mathematics.
11.The engineers ______ designed the building received an award.
12.The girl ______ recited the poem is my niece.
13.The townspeople, ______ pride in their community is well- known, raised
enough money to build a new town hall.
14.The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone
Age, is the world’s largest ocean.
15.The newspaper to ______ we subscribe is delivered regularly.
Bài tập 8: Điền một mệnh đề quan hệ WHO, WHICH hoặc THAT vào chỗ
trống trong những câu sau
1. The men _______ lives next door are English.
2. The dictionary ______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls ______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve ______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate ______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace ______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
 7. A burglar is someone ______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses ______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can’t find the key ______ opens this door.
10.I gave you a book ______ had many pictures.
11.I don’t like the boy ______ Sue is going out with.
12.Did you see the beautiful dress ______ she wore yesterday.
13.The man ______ she is going to marry is very rich.
14.This is the bank ______ was robbed yesterday.
15.He wore a mask ______ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
Bài tập 9: Nối 2 câu đơn thành một câu ghép sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
3. I wrote an email to my sister. She lives in Italy.
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
6. Ba dropped a cup. It was new.
7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
10.The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
11.My sister has four sons. She lives in Japan.
12.The man was rude. He was wearing a red shirt.
13.The phone is on the table. It belongs to An.
14.The TV got broken. It was my grandfather’s.
15.The radio was stolen. It was bought 35 years ago.
16.The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
17.This is the laptop. My mother has just bought it.
18.That’s the man. His car is a Ferrari.
19.I know the woman. She lives upstairs.
20.It’s the dog. I always talk to him at night.
Bài tập 10: Chọn đáp án đúng
1. Nam Dinh province, ___________ my uncle lives, often has hurricanes.
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.that
2. I think doctors ___________work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very
brave.
A.who
B.which
C.they
D.those
3. 2005 was the year _________there was a big earthquake in Indonesia.
A.which
B.where
C.who
D.when
4. Mai is the girl___________mother is an architect.
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.that
5. A snake or a spider is the animal_________she’d like to keep as a pet.
A.where
B.what
C.that
D.when
6. My older brother, ________was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in
India.
A.who
B.that
C.he
D.which
7. India is the country __________he spent the early years of his life.
A.at which
B.on which
C.that
D.where
8. The girls and flowers __________ he painted were vivid.
A.who
B.that
C.whose
D.which
9. Children always want to know the reason __________things are as they are.
A.why
B.whom
C.which
D.who
10. Is the first of March the day__________the astronaut will come and give a
speech at our school?
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.when
11. There was a storm _________I had never experienced before.
A.such as
B.as which
C.which
D.for which
12. There are several reasons_________Adam is not chosen for the school football
team.
A.from then
B.why
C.for what
D.explaining
Bài tập 11: Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. I went to see a doctor. She had helped my father
I went to see the doctor ___________________
2. A woman wrote to me. She wanted my advice
The woman ______________________
3. Mary was wearing the red dress. It was made in France
Mary was wearing the red dress ______________
4. We stayed at Sofitel hotel. Mark recommended it to us
We stayed at Sofitel hotel ___________________
5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years
John is one of my closest friends ______________
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there
New York is one of the largest cities in the USA___________
7. Ann talked to a man. He won a lot of money
Ann talked to the man___________
8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers
The couple ___________________
9. He is an architect. He designed the new city library
He is the architect _____________
10. Jerry sent me a letter. It was very funny.
Jerry sent me the letter __________
Bài tập 12: Sử dụng mệnh một mệnh đề quan hệ để điền vào chỗ trống
1. The parents thanked the woman ____had saved their son
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
4. I like the ice cream ____they sell in that shop
5. He ate the food _ no one else wanted
6. John has got a new mobile phone __ takes photos
7. The village _ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
8. The job for _____she has applied for is in London
9. John sold his computer, _____he no longer needs, to his cousin
10.Teddy has two cars, one of __ is very expensive.